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详解Java图形化编程中的鼠标事件设计

程序员文章站 2024-03-06 09:36:01
鼠标事件的事件源往往与容器相关,当鼠标进入容器、离开容器,或者在容器中单击鼠标、拖动鼠标时都会发生鼠标事件。java语言为处理鼠标事件提供两个接口:mouselistene...

鼠标事件的事件源往往与容器相关,当鼠标进入容器、离开容器,或者在容器中单击鼠标、拖动鼠标时都会发生鼠标事件。java语言为处理鼠标事件提供两个接口:mouselistener,mousemotionlistener接口。
mouselistener接口

mouselistener接口能处理5种鼠标事件:按下鼠标,释放鼠标,点击鼠标、鼠标进入、鼠标退出。相应的方法有:
(1) getx():鼠标的x坐标
(2) gety():鼠标的y坐标
(3) getmodifiers():获取鼠标的左键或右键。
(4) getclickcount():鼠标被点击的次数。
(5) getsource():获取发生鼠标的事件源。
(6) addmouselistener(监视器):加放监视器。
(7) removemouselistener(监视器):移去监视器。

要实现的mouselistener接口的方法有:
(1) mousepressed(mouseevent e);
(2) mousereleased(mouseevent e);
(3) mouseentered(mouseevent e);
(4) mouseexited(mouseevent e);
(5) mouseclicked(mouseevent e);

【例】小应用程序设置了一个文本区,用于记录一系列鼠标事件。当鼠标进入小应用程序窗口时,文本区显示“鼠标进来”;当鼠标离开 窗口时,文本区显示“鼠标走开”;当鼠标被按下时,文本区显示“鼠标按下”,当鼠标被双击时,文本区显示“鼠标双击”;并显示鼠标的坐标。程序还显示一个红色的圆,当点击鼠标时,圆的半径会不断地变大。

import java.applet.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
class mypanel extends jpanel{
  public void print(int r){
    graphics g = getgraphics();
    g.clearrect(0,0,this.getwidth(),this.getheight());
    g.setcolor(color.red);
    g.filloval(10,10,r,r);
  }
}
class mywindow extends jframe implements mouselistener{
  jtextarea text;
  mypanel panel;
  int x,y,r =10;
  int mouseflg=0;
  static string mousestates[]={"鼠标键按下","鼠标松开","鼠标进来","鼠标走开","鼠标双击"};
  mywindow(string s){
    super(s);
    container con = this.getcontentpane();
    con.setlayout(new gridlayout(2,1));
    this.setsize(200,300);
    this.setlocation(100,100);
    panel = new mypanel();
    con.add(panel);
    text = new jtextarea(10,20);
    text.setbackground(color.blue);
    con.add(text);
    addmouselistener(this);
    this.setvisible(true);
    this.pack();
  }
  public void paint(graphics g){
    r = r+4;
    if(r>80){
      r=10;
    }
    text.append(mousestates[mouseflg]+"了,位置是:" +x+","+y+"\n");
    panel.print(r);
  }
  public void mousepressed(mouseevent e){
    x = e.getx();
    y = e.gety();
    mouseflg = 0;
    repaint();
  }
  public void mouserelease(mouseevent e){
    x = e.getx();
    y = e.gety();
    mouseflg = 1;
    repaint();
  }
  public void mouseentered(mouseevent e){
    x = e.getx();
    y = e.gety();
    mouseflg = 2;
    repaint();
  }
  public void mouseexited(mouseevent e){
    x = e.getx();
    y = e.gety();
    mouseflg = 3;
    repaint();
  }
  public void mouseclicked(mouseevent e){
    if(e.getclickcount()==2){
      x = e.getx();
      y = e.gety();
      mouseflg = 4;
      repaint();
    }
    else{}
  }
}
public class example6_8 extends applet{
  public void init(){
    mywindow mywnd = new mywindow("鼠标事件示意程序");
  }
}

任何组件上都可以发生鼠标事件:鼠标进入、鼠标退出、按下鼠标等。例如,在上述程序中添加一个按钮,并给按钮对象添加鼠标监视器,将上述程序中的init()方法修改成如下形式,即能示意按钮上的所有鼠标事件。

jbutton button;
public void init(){
  button = new jbutton(“按钮也能发生鼠标事件”);
  r = 10;
  text = new jtextarea(15,20);
  add(button);
  add(text);
  button.addmouselistener(this);
}

如果程序希望进一步知道按下或点击的是鼠标左键或右键,鼠标的左键或右键可用inputevent类中的常量button1_mask和button3_mask来判定。例如,以下表达式判断是否按下或点击了鼠标右键:

  e.getmodifiers()==inputevent. button3_mask


mousemotionlistener接口

mousemotionlistener接口处理拖动鼠标和鼠标移动两种事件。

注册监视器的方法是:
    addmousemotionlistener(监视器)
要实现的的接口方法有两个:
(1) mousedragged(mouseevent e)
(2) mousemoved(mouseevent e)

【例】一个滚动条与显示窗口同步变化的应用程序。窗口有一个方块,用鼠标拖运方块,或用鼠标点击窗口,方块改变显示位置,相应水平和垂直滚动条的滑块也会改变它们在滚动条中的位置。反之,移动滚动条的滑块,方块在窗口中的显示位置也会改变。

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
class mywindow extends jframe{
  public mywindow(string s){
    super(s);
    container con = this.getcontentpane();
    con.setlayout(new borderlayout());
    this.setlocation(100,100);
    jscrollbar xaxis = new jscrollbar(jscrollbar.horizontal,50,1,0,100);
    jscrollbar yaxis = new jscrollbar(jscrollbar.vertical,50,1,0,100);
    mylistener listener = new mylistener(xaxis,yaxis,238,118);
    jpanel scrolledcanvas = new jpanel();
    scrolledcanvas.setlayout(new borderlayout());
    scrolledcanvas.add(listener,borderlayout.center);
    scrolledcanvas.add(xaix,borderlayout.south);
    scrolledcanvas.add(yaix,borderlayout.east);
    con.add(scrolledcanvas,borderlayout.north);
    this.setvisible(true);
    this.pack();
  }
  public dimension getpreferredsize(){
    return new dimension(500,300);
  }
}
class mylistener extends jcomponent implements mouselistener, mousemotionlistener,adjustmentlistener{
  private int x,y;
  private jscrollbar xscrollbar;
  private jscrollbar yscrollbar;
  private void updatescrollbars(int x,int y){
    int d;
    d = (int)(((float)x/(float)getsize().width)*100.0);
    xscrollbar.setvalue(d);
    d = (int)(((float)y/(float)getsize().height)*100.0);
    yscrollbar.setvalue(d);
  }
  public mylistener(jscrollbar xaxis,jscrollbar yaxis,int x0,int y0){
    xscrollbar =xaxis;
    yscrollbar =yaxis;
    x = x0;
    y=y0;
    xscrollbar.addadjustmentlistener(this);
    yscrollbar.addadjustmentlistener(this);
    this.addmouselistener(this);
    this.addmousemotionlistener(this);
  }
  public void paint(graphics g){
    g.setcolor(getbackground());
    dimension size = getsize();
    g.fillrect(0,0,size.width,size.height);
    g.setcolor(color.blue);
    g.fillrect(x,y,50,50);
  }
  public void mouseentered(mouseevent e){}
  public void mouseexited(mouseevent e){}
  public void mouseclicked(mouseevent e){}
  public void mouserelease(mouseevent e){}
  public void mousemoved(mouseevent e){}
  public void mousepressed(mouseevent e){
    x = e.getx();
    y = e.gety();
    updatescrollbars(x,y);
    repaint();
  }
  public void mousedragged(mouseevent e){
    x = e.getx();
    y = e.gety();
    updatescrollbars(x,y);
    repaint();
  }
  public void adjustmentvaluechanged(adjustmentevent e){
    if(e.getsource()==xscrollbar)
      x=(int)((float)(xscrollbar.getvalue()/100.0)*getsize().width);
    else if(e.getsource()==yscrollbar)
      y = (int)((float)(yscrollbar.getvalue()/100.0)*getsize().height);
    repaint();
  }
}
public class example6_9{
  public static void main(){
    mywindow mywindow = new mywindow("滚动条示意程序");
  }
}

上述例子中,如果只要求通过滑动滑块,改变内容的显示位置,可以简单地使用滚动面板jscrollpane。如果是这样,关于滚动条的创建和控制都可以免去,直接由jscrollpane内部实现。参见以下修改后的mywindow的定义:

class mywindow extends jframe{
  public mywindow(string s){
    super(s);
    container con = this.getcontentpane();
    con.setlayout(new borderlayout());
    this.setlocaltion(100,100);
    mylistener listener = new mylistener();
    listener.setpreferredsize(new dimension(700,700));
    jscrollpane scrolledcanvas = new jscrollpane(listener);
    this.add(scrolledcanvas,borderlayout.center);
    this.setvisible(true);
    this.pack();
  }
  public dimension getpreferredsize(){
    return new dimension(400,400);
  }
}

鼠标指针形状也能由程序控制 ,setcursor()方法能设置鼠标指针形状。例如,代码setcursor(cursor.getpredefinedcursor(cursor.wait_cursor))。