Java加密技术(五)——非对称加密算法的由来DH
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2024-01-09 16:39:34
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接下来我们分析DH加密算法,一种适基于密钥一致协议的加密算法。
DH
Diffie-Hellman算法(D-H算法),密钥一致协议。是由公开密钥密码*的奠基人Diffie和Hellman所提出的一种思想。简单的说就是允许两名用户在公开媒体上交换信息以生成"一致"的、可以共享的密钥。换句话说,就是由甲方产出一对密钥(公钥、私钥),乙方依照甲方公钥产生乙方密钥对(公钥、私钥)。以此为基线,作为数据传输保密基础,同时双方使用同一种对称加密算法构建本地密钥(SecretKey)对数据加密。这样,在互通了本地密钥(SecretKey)算法后,甲乙双方公开自己的公钥,使用对方的公钥和刚才产生的私钥加密数据,同时可以使用对方的公钥和自己的私钥对数据解密。不单单是甲乙双方两方,可以扩展为多方共享数据通讯,这样就完成了网络交互数据的安全通讯!该算法源于中国的同余定理——中国馀数定理。
流程分析:
1.甲方构建密钥对儿,将公钥公布给乙方,将私钥保留;双方约定数据加密算法;乙方通过甲方公钥构建密钥对儿,将公钥公布给甲方,将私钥保留。
2.甲方使用私钥、乙方公钥、约定数据加密算法构建本地密钥,然后通过本地密钥加密数据,发送给乙方加密后的数据;乙方使用私钥、甲方公钥、约定数据加密算法构建本地密钥,然后通过本地密钥对数据解密。
3.乙方使用私钥、甲方公钥、约定数据加密算法构建本地密钥,然后通过本地密钥加密数据,发送给甲方加密后的数据;甲方使用私钥、乙方公钥、约定数据加密算法构建本地密钥,然后通过本地密钥对数据解密。
通过java代码实现如下:Coder类见 Java加密技术(一)
- import java.security.Key;
- import java.security.KeyFactory;
- import java.security.KeyPair;
- import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
- import java.security.PublicKey;
- import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
- import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
- import java.util.HashMap;
- import java.util.Map;
- import javax.crypto.Cipher;
- import javax.crypto.KeyAgreement;
- import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
- import javax.crypto.interfaces.DHPrivateKey;
- import javax.crypto.interfaces.DHPublicKey;
- import javax.crypto.spec.DHParameterSpec;
- /**
- * DH安全编码组件
- *
- * @author 梁栋
- * @version 1.0
- * @since 1.0
- */
- public abstract class DHCoder extends Coder {
- public static final String ALGORITHM = "DH";
- /**
- * 默认密钥字节数
- *
- * <pre>
- * DH
- * Default Keysize 1024
- * Keysize must be a multiple of 64, ranging from 512 to 1024 (inclusive).
- * </pre>
- */
- private static final int KEY_SIZE = 1024;
- /**
- * DH加密下需要一种对称加密算法对数据加密,这里我们使用DES,也可以使用其他对称加密算法。
- */
- public static final String SECRET_ALGORITHM = "DES";
- private static final String PUBLIC_KEY = "DHPublicKey";
- private static final String PRIVATE_KEY = "DHPrivateKey";
- /**
- * 初始化甲方密钥
- *
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static Map<String, Object> initKey() throws Exception {
- KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator
- .getInstance(ALGORITHM);
- keyPairGenerator.initialize(KEY_SIZE);
- KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();
- // 甲方公钥
- DHPublicKey publicKey = (DHPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();
- // 甲方私钥
- DHPrivateKey privateKey = (DHPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();
- Map<String, Object> keyMap = new HashMap<String, Object>(2);
- keyMap.put(PUBLIC_KEY, publicKey);
- keyMap.put(PRIVATE_KEY, privateKey);
- return keyMap;
- }
- /**
- * 初始化乙方密钥
- *
- * @param key
- * 甲方公钥
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static Map<String, Object> initKey(String key) throws Exception {
- // 解析甲方公钥
- byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key);
- X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
- KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
- PublicKey pubKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);
- // 由甲方公钥构建乙方密钥
- DHParameterSpec dhParamSpec = ((DHPublicKey) pubKey).getParams();
- KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator
- .getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
- keyPairGenerator.initialize(dhParamSpec);
- KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();
- // 乙方公钥
- DHPublicKey publicKey = (DHPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();
- // 乙方私钥
- DHPrivateKey privateKey = (DHPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();
- Map<String, Object> keyMap = new HashMap<String, Object>(2);
- keyMap.put(PUBLIC_KEY, publicKey);
- keyMap.put(PRIVATE_KEY, privateKey);
- return keyMap;
- }
- /**
- * 加密<br>
- *
- * @param data
- * 待加密数据
- * @param publicKey
- * 甲方公钥
- * @param privateKey
- * 乙方私钥
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static byte[] encrypt(byte[] data, String publicKey,
- String privateKey) throws Exception {
- // 生成本地密钥
- SecretKey secretKey = getSecretKey(publicKey, privateKey);
- // 数据加密
- Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(secretKey.getAlgorithm());
- cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
- return cipher.doFinal(data);
- }
- /**
- * 解密<br>
- *
- * @param data
- * 待解密数据
- * @param publicKey
- * 乙方公钥
- * @param privateKey
- * 乙方私钥
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static byte[] decrypt(byte[] data, String publicKey,
- String privateKey) throws Exception {
- // 生成本地密钥
- SecretKey secretKey = getSecretKey(publicKey, privateKey);
- // 数据解密
- Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(secretKey.getAlgorithm());
- cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
- return cipher.doFinal(data);
- }
- /**
- * 构建密钥
- *
- * @param publicKey
- * 公钥
- * @param privateKey
- * 私钥
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- private static SecretKey getSecretKey(String publicKey, String privateKey)
- throws Exception {
- // 初始化公钥
- byte[] pubKeyBytes = decryptBASE64(publicKey);
- KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
- X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(pubKeyBytes);
- PublicKey pubKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);
- // 初始化私钥
- byte[] priKeyBytes = decryptBASE64(privateKey);
- PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(priKeyBytes);
- Key priKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);
- KeyAgreement keyAgree = KeyAgreement.getInstance(keyFactory
- .getAlgorithm());
- keyAgree.init(priKey);
- keyAgree.doPhase(pubKey, true);
- // 生成本地密钥
- SecretKey secretKey = keyAgree.generateSecret(SECRET_ALGORITHM);
- return secretKey;
- }
- /**
- * 取得私钥
- *
- * @param keyMap
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static String getPrivateKey(Map<String, Object> keyMap)
- throws Exception {
- Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PRIVATE_KEY);
- return encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded());
- }
- /**
- * 取得公钥
- *
- * @param keyMap
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static String getPublicKey(Map<String, Object> keyMap)
- throws Exception {
- Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PUBLIC_KEY);
- return encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded());
- }
- }
再给出一个测试类:
- import static org.junit.Assert.*;
- import java.util.Map;
- import org.junit.Test;
- /**
- *
- * @author 梁栋
- * @version 1.0
- * @since 1.0
- */
- public class DHCoderTest {
- @Test
- public void test() throws Exception {
- // 生成甲方密钥对儿
- Map<String, Object> aKeyMap = DHCoder.initKey();
- String aPublicKey = DHCoder.getPublicKey(aKeyMap);
- String aPrivateKey = DHCoder.getPrivateKey(aKeyMap);
- System.err.println("甲方公钥:\r" + aPublicKey);
- System.err.println("甲方私钥:\r" + aPrivateKey);
- // 由甲方公钥产生本地密钥对儿
- Map<String, Object> bKeyMap = DHCoder.initKey(aPublicKey);
- String bPublicKey = DHCoder.getPublicKey(bKeyMap);
- String bPrivateKey = DHCoder.getPrivateKey(bKeyMap);
- System.err.println("乙方公钥:\r" + bPublicKey);
- System.err.println("乙方私钥:\r" + bPrivateKey);
- String aInput = "abc ";
- System.err.println("原文: " + aInput);
- // 由甲方公钥,乙方私钥构建密文
- byte[] aCode = DHCoder.encrypt(aInput.getBytes(), aPublicKey,
- bPrivateKey);
- // 由乙方公钥,甲方私钥解密
- byte[] aDecode = DHCoder.decrypt(aCode, bPublicKey, aPrivateKey);
- String aOutput = (new String(aDecode));
- System.err.println("解密: " + aOutput);
- assertEquals(aInput, aOutput);
- System.err.println(" ===============反过来加密解密================== ");
- String bInput = "def ";
- System.err.println("原文: " + bInput);
- // 由乙方公钥,甲方私钥构建密文
- byte[] bCode = DHCoder.encrypt(bInput.getBytes(), bPublicKey,
- aPrivateKey);
- // 由甲方公钥,乙方私钥解密
- byte[] bDecode = DHCoder.decrypt(bCode, aPublicKey, bPrivateKey);
- String bOutput = (new String(bDecode));
- System.err.println("解密: " + bOutput);
- assertEquals(bInput, bOutput);
- }
- }
控制台输出:
- 甲方公钥:
- MIHfMIGXBgkqhkiG9w0BAwEwgYkCQQD8poLOjhLKuibvzPcRDlJtsHiwXt7LzR60ogjzrhYXrgHz
- W5Gkfm32NBPF4S7QiZvNEyrNUNmRUb3EPuc3WS4XAkBnhHGyepz0TukaScUUfbGpqvJE8FpDTWSG
- kx0tFCcbnjUDC3H9c9oXkGmzLik1Yw4cIGI1TQ2iCmxBblC+eUykAgIBgANDAAJAdAWBVmIzqcko
- Ej6qFjLDL2+Y3FPq1iRbnOyOpDj71yKaK1K+FhTv04B0zy4DKcvAASV7/Gv0W+bgqdmffRkqrQ==
- 甲方私钥:
- MIHRAgEAMIGXBgkqhkiG9w0BAwEwgYkCQQD8poLOjhLKuibvzPcRDlJtsHiwXt7LzR60ogjzrhYX
- rgHzW5Gkfm32NBPF4S7QiZvNEyrNUNmRUb3EPuc3WS4XAkBnhHGyepz0TukaScUUfbGpqvJE8FpD
- TWSGkx0tFCcbnjUDC3H9c9oXkGmzLik1Yw4cIGI1TQ2iCmxBblC+eUykAgIBgAQyAjACJRfy1LyR
- eHyD+4Hfb+xR0uoIGR1oL9i9Nk6g2AAuaDPgEVWHn+QXID13yL/uDos=
- 乙方公钥:
- MIHfMIGXBgkqhkiG9w0BAwEwgYkCQQD8poLOjhLKuibvzPcRDlJtsHiwXt7LzR60ogjzrhYXrgHz
- W5Gkfm32NBPF4S7QiZvNEyrNUNmRUb3EPuc3WS4XAkBnhHGyepz0TukaScUUfbGpqvJE8FpDTWSG
- kx0tFCcbnjUDC3H9c9oXkGmzLik1Yw4cIGI1TQ2iCmxBblC+eUykAgIBgANDAAJAVEYSfBA+I9nr
- dWw3OBv475C+eBrWBBYqt0m6/eu4ptuDQHwV4MmUtKAC2wc2nNrdb1wmBhY1X8RnWkJ1XmdDbQ==
- 乙方私钥:
- MIHSAgEAMIGXBgkqhkiG9w0BAwEwgYkCQQD8poLOjhLKuibvzPcRDlJtsHiwXt7LzR60ogjzrhYX
- rgHzW5Gkfm32NBPF4S7QiZvNEyrNUNmRUb3EPuc3WS4XAkBnhHGyepz0TukaScUUfbGpqvJE8FpD
- TWSGkx0tFCcbnjUDC3H9c9oXkGmzLik1Yw4cIGI1TQ2iCmxBblC+eUykAgIBgAQzAjEAqaZiCdXp
- 2iNpdBlHRaO9ir70wo2n32xNlIzIX19VLSPCDdeUWkgRv4CEj/8k+/yd
- 原文: abc
- 解密: abc
- ===============反过来加密解密==================
- 原文: def
- 解密: def