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Java加密技术(四)——非对称加密算法RSA

程序员文章站 2022-07-09 21:42:31
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RSA 
    这种算法1978年就出现了,它是第一个既能用于数据加密也能用于数字签名的算法。它易于理解和操作,也很流行。算法的名字以发明者的名字命名:Ron Rivest, AdiShamir 和Leonard Adleman。 
    这种加密算法的特点主要是**的变化,上文我们看到DES只有一个**。相当于只有一把钥匙,如果这把钥匙丢了,数据也就不安全了。RSA同时有两把钥匙,公钥与私钥。同时支持数字签名。数字签名的意义在于,对传输过来的数据进行校验。确保数据在传输工程中不被修改。Java加密技术(四)——非对称加密算法RSA 

流程分析: 

  1. 甲方构建**对儿,将公钥公布给乙方,将私钥保留。
  2. 甲方使用私钥加密数据,然后用私钥对加密后的数据签名,发送给乙方签名以及加密后的数据;乙方使用公钥、签名来验证待解密数据是否有效,如果有效使用公钥对数据解密。
  3. 乙方使用公钥加密数据,向甲方发送经过加密后的数据;甲方获得加密数据,通过私钥解密。



通过java代码实现如下:Coder类见 Java加密技术(一) 

Java代码 

 

import java.security.Key;  
import java.security.KeyFactory;  
import java.security.KeyPair;  
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;  
import java.security.PrivateKey;  
import java.security.PublicKey;  
import java.security.Signature;  
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;  
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;  
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;  
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;  
  
import java.util.HashMap;  
import java.util.Map;  
  
import javax.crypto.Cipher;  
  
/** 
 * RSA安全编码组件 
 *  
 * @author 梁栋 
 * @version 1.0 
 * @since 1.0 
 */  
public abstract class RSACoder extends Coder {  
    public static final String KEY_ALGORITHM = "RSA";  
    public static final String SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM = "MD5withRSA";  
  
    private static final String PUBLIC_KEY = "RSAPublicKey";  
    private static final String PRIVATE_KEY = "RSAPrivateKey";  
  
    /** 
     * 用私钥对信息生成数字签名 
     *  
     * @param data 
     *            加密数据 
     * @param privateKey 
     *            私钥 
     *  
     * @return 
     * @throws Exception 
     */  
    public static String sign(byte[] data, String privateKey) throws Exception {  
        // 解密由base64编码的私钥  
        byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(privateKey);  
  
        // 构造PKCS8EncodedKeySpec对象  
        PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);  
  
        // KEY_ALGORITHM 指定的加密算法  
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);  
  
        // 取私钥匙对象  
        PrivateKey priKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);  
  
        // 用私钥对信息生成数字签名  
        Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM);  
        signature.initSign(priKey);  
        signature.update(data);  
  
        return encryptBASE64(signature.sign());  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * 校验数字签名 
     *  
     * @param data 
     *            加密数据 
     * @param publicKey 
     *            公钥 
     * @param sign 
     *            数字签名 
     *  
     * @return 校验成功返回true 失败返回false 
     * @throws Exception 
     *  
     */  
    public static boolean verify(byte[] data, String publicKey, String sign)  
            throws Exception {  
  
        // 解密由base64编码的公钥  
        byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(publicKey);  
  
        // 构造X509EncodedKeySpec对象  
        X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);  
  
        // KEY_ALGORITHM 指定的加密算法  
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);  
  
        // 取公钥匙对象  
        PublicKey pubKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec);  
  
        Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM);  
        signature.initVerify(pubKey);  
        signature.update(data);  
  
        // 验证签名是否正常  
        return signature.verify(decryptBASE64(sign));  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * 解密<br> 
     * 用私钥解密 
     *  
     * @param data 
     * @param key 
     * @return 
     * @throws Exception 
     */  
    public static byte[] decryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String key)  
            throws Exception {  
        // 对**解密  
        byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key);  
  
        // 取得私钥  
        PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);  
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);  
        Key privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);  
  
        // 对数据解密  
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());  
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);  
  
        return cipher.doFinal(data);  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * 解密<br> 
     * 用公钥解密 
     *  
     * @param data 
     * @param key 
     * @return 
     * @throws Exception 
     */  
    public static byte[] decryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String key)  
            throws Exception {  
        // 对**解密  
        byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key);  
  
        // 取得公钥  
        X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);  
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);  
        Key publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);  
  
        // 对数据解密  
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());  
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicKey);  
  
        return cipher.doFinal(data);  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * 加密<br> 
     * 用公钥加密 
     *  
     * @param data 
     * @param key 
     * @return 
     * @throws Exception 
     */  
    public static byte[] encryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String key)  
            throws Exception {  
        // 对公钥解密  
        byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key);  
  
        // 取得公钥  
        X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);  
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);  
        Key publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);  
  
        // 对数据加密  
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());  
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);  
  
        return cipher.doFinal(data);  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * 加密<br> 
     * 用私钥加密 
     *  
     * @param data 
     * @param key 
     * @return 
     * @throws Exception 
     */  
    public static byte[] encryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String key)  
            throws Exception {  
        // 对**解密  
        byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key);  
  
        // 取得私钥  
        PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);  
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);  
        Key privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);  
  
        // 对数据加密  
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());  
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateKey);  
  
        return cipher.doFinal(data);  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * 取得私钥 
     *  
     * @param keyMap 
     * @return 
     * @throws Exception 
     */  
    public static String getPrivateKey(Map<String, Object> keyMap)  
            throws Exception {  
        Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PRIVATE_KEY);  
  
        return encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded());  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * 取得公钥 
     *  
     * @param keyMap 
     * @return 
     * @throws Exception 
     */  
    public static String getPublicKey(Map<String, Object> keyMap)  
            throws Exception {  
        Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PUBLIC_KEY);  
  
        return encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded());  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * 初始化** 
     *  
     * @return 
     * @throws Exception 
     */  
    public static Map<String, Object> initKey() throws Exception {  
        KeyPairGenerator keyPairGen = KeyPairGenerator  
                .getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);  
        keyPairGen.initialize(1024);  
  
        KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGen.generateKeyPair();  
  
        // 公钥  
        RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();  
  
        // 私钥  
        RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();  
  
        Map<String, Object> keyMap = new HashMap<String, Object>(2);  
  
        keyMap.put(PUBLIC_KEY, publicKey);  
        keyMap.put(PRIVATE_KEY, privateKey);  
        return keyMap;  
    }  
}  


再给出一个测试类: 

Java代码 

import static org.junit.Assert.*;  
  
import org.junit.Before;  
import org.junit.Test;  
  
import java.util.Map;  
  
/** 
 *  
 * @author 梁栋 
 * @version 1.0 
 * @since 1.0 
 */  
public class RSACoderTest {  
    private String publicKey;  
    private String privateKey;  
  
    @Before  
    public void setUp() throws Exception {  
        Map<String, Object> keyMap = RSACoder.initKey();  
  
        publicKey = RSACoder.getPublicKey(keyMap);  
        privateKey = RSACoder.getPrivateKey(keyMap);  
        System.err.println("公钥: \n\r" + publicKey);  
        System.err.println("私钥: \n\r" + privateKey);  
    }  
  
    @Test  
    public void test() throws Exception {  
        System.err.println("公钥加密——私钥解密");  
        String inputStr = "abc";  
        byte[] data = inputStr.getBytes();  
  
        byte[] encodedData = RSACoder.encryptByPublicKey(data, publicKey);  
  
        byte[] decodedData = RSACoder.decryptByPrivateKey(encodedData,  
                privateKey);  
  
        String outputStr = new String(decodedData);  
        System.err.println("加密前: " + inputStr + "\n\r" + "解密后: " + outputStr);  
        assertEquals(inputStr, outputStr);  
  
    }  
  
    @Test  
    public void testSign() throws Exception {  
        System.err.println("私钥加密——公钥解密");  
        String inputStr = "sign";  
        byte[] data = inputStr.getBytes();  
  
        byte[] encodedData = RSACoder.encryptByPrivateKey(data, privateKey);  
  
        byte[] decodedData = RSACoder  
                .decryptByPublicKey(encodedData, publicKey);  
  
        String outputStr = new String(decodedData);  
        System.err.println("加密前: " + inputStr + "\n\r" + "解密后: " + outputStr);  
        assertEquals(inputStr, outputStr);  
  
        System.err.println("私钥签名——公钥验证签名");  
        // 产生签名  
        String sign = RSACoder.sign(encodedData, privateKey);  
        System.err.println("签名:\r" + sign);  
  
        // 验证签名  
        boolean status = RSACoder.verify(encodedData, publicKey, sign);  
        System.err.println("状态:\r" + status);  
        assertTrue(status);  
  
    }  
  
}  


控制台输出: 

Console代码 

 Java加密技术(四)——非对称加密算法RSA

  1. 公钥:   
  2.   
  3. MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCYU/+I0+z1aBl5X6DUUOHQ7FZpmBSDbKTtx89J  
  4. EcB64jFCkunELT8qiKly7fzEqD03g8ALlu5XvX+bBqHFy7YPJJP0ekE2X3wjUnh2NxlqpH3/B/xm  
  5. 1ZdSlCwDIkbijhBVDjA/bu5BObhZqQmDwIxlQInL9oVz+o6FbAZCyHBd7wIDAQAB  
  6.   
  7. 私钥:   
  8.   
  9. MIICdgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCAmAwggJcAgEAAoGBAJhT/4jT7PVoGXlfoNRQ4dDsVmmY  
  10. FINspO3Hz0kRwHriMUKS6cQtPyqIqXLt/MSoPTeDwAuW7le9f5sGocXLtg8kk/R6QTZffCNSeHY3  
  11. GWqkff8H/GbVl1KULAMiRuKOEFUOMD9u7kE5uFmpCYPAjGVAicv2hXP6joVsBkLIcF3vAgMBAAEC  
  12. gYBvZHWoZHmS2EZQqKqeuGr58eobG9hcZzWQoJ4nq/CarBAjw/VovUHE490uK3S9ht4FW7Yzg3LV  
  13. /MB06Huifh6qf/X9NQA7SeZRRC8gnCQk6JuDIEVJOud5jU+9tyumJakDKodQ3Jf2zQtNr+5ZdEPl  
  14. uwWgv9c4kmpjhAdyMuQmYQJBANn6pcgvyYaia52dnu+yBUsGkaFfwXkzFSExIbi0MXTkhEb/ER/D  
  15. rLytukkUu5S5ecz/KBa8U4xIslZDYQbLz5ECQQCy5dutt7RsxN4+dxCWn0/1FrkWl2G329Ucewm3  
  16. QU9CKu4D+7Kqdj+Ha3lXP8F0Etaaapi7+EfkRUpukn2ItZV/AkEAlk+I0iphxT1rCB0Q5CjWDY5S  
  17. Df2B5JmdEG5Y2o0nLXwG2w44OLct/k2uD4cEcuITY5Dvi/4BftMCZwm/dnhEgQJACIktJSnJwxLV  
  18. o9dchENPtlsCM9C/Sd2EWpqISSUlmfugZbJBwR5pQ5XeMUqKeXZYpP+HEBj1nS+tMH9u2/IGEwJA  
  19. fL8mZiZXan/oBKrblAbplNcKWGRVD/3y65042PAEeghahlJMiYquV5DzZajuuT0wbJ5xQuZB01+X  
  20. nfpFpBJ2dw==  
  21.   
  22. 公钥加密——私钥解密  
  23. 加密前: abc  
  24.   
  25. 解密后: abc  
  26. 公钥:   
  27.   
  28. MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDdOj40yEB48XqWxmPILmJAc7UecIN7F32etSHF  
  29. 9rwbuEh3+iTPOGSxhoSQpOED0vOb0ZIMkBXZSgsxLaBSin2RZ09YKWRjtpCA0kDkiD11gj4tzTiM  
  30. l9qq1kwSK7ZkGAgodEn3yIILVmQDuEImHOXFtulvJ71ka07u3LuwUNdB/wIDAQAB  
  31.   
  32. 私钥:   
  33.   
  34. MIICdwIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCAmEwggJdAgEAAoGBAN06PjTIQHjxepbGY8guYkBztR5w  
  35. g3sXfZ61IcX2vBu4SHf6JM84ZLGGhJCk4QPS85vRkgyQFdlKCzEtoFKKfZFnT1gpZGO2kIDSQOSI  
  36. PXWCPi3NOIyX2qrWTBIrtmQYCCh0SffIggtWZAO4QiYc5cW26W8nvWRrTu7cu7BQ10H/AgMBAAEC  
  37. gYEAz2JWBizjI31bqhP4XiP9PuY5F3vqBW4T+L9cFbQiyumKJc58yzTWUAUGKIIn3enXLG7dNqGr  
  38. mbJro4JeFIJ3CiVDpXR9+FluIgI4SXm7ioGKF2NOMA9LR5Fu82W+pLfpTN2y2SaLYWEDZyp53BxY  
  39. j9gUxaxi1MQs+C1ZgDF2xmECQQDy70bQntbRfysP+ppCtd56YRnES1Tyekw0wryS2tr+ivQJl7JF  
  40. gp5rPAOXpgrq36xHDwUspQ0sJ0vj0O7ywxr1AkEA6SAaLhrJJrYucC0jxwAhUYyaPN+aOsWymaRh  
  41. 9jA/Wc0wp29SbGTh5CcMuGpXm1g0M+FKW3dGiHgS3rVUKim4owJAbnxgapUzAgiiHxxMeDaavnHW  
  42. 9C2GrtjsO7qtZOTgYI/1uT8itvZW8lJTF+9OW8/qXE76fXl7ai9dFnl5kzMk2QJBALfHz/vCsArt  
  43. mkRiwY6zApE4Z6tPl1V33ymSVovvUzHnOdD1SKQdD5t+UV/crb3QVi8ED0t2B0u0ZSPfDT/D7kMC  
  44. QDpwdj9k2F5aokLHBHUNJPFDAp7a5QMaT64gv/d48ITJ68Co+v5WzLMpzJBYXK6PAtqIhxbuPEc2  
  45. I2k1Afmrwyw=  
  46.   
  47. 私钥加密——公钥解密  
  48. 加密前: sign  
  49.   
  50. 解密后: sign  
  51. 私钥签名——公钥验证签名  
  52. 签名:  
  53. ud1RsIwmSC1pN22I4IXteg1VD2FbiehKUfNxgVSHzvQNIK+d20FCkHCqh9djP3h94iWnIUY0ifU+  
  54. mbJkhAl/i5krExOE0hknOnPMcEP+lZV1RbJI2zG2YooSp2XDleqrQk5e/QF2Mx0Zxt8Xsg7ucVpn  
  55. i3wwbYWs9wSzIf0UjlM=  
  56.   
  57. 状态:  
  58. true  



    简要总结一下,使用公钥加密、私钥解密,完成了乙方到甲方的一次数据传递,通过私钥加密、公钥解密,同时通过私钥签名、公钥验证签名,完成了一次甲方到乙方的数据传递与验证,两次数据传递完成一整套的数据交互!Java加密技术(四)——非对称加密算法RSA 

类似数字签名,数字信封是这样描述的: 

数字信封 
  数字信封用加密技术来保证只有特定的收信人才能阅读信的内容。 
流程: 
    信息发送方采用对称**来加密信息,然后再用接收方的公钥来加密此对称**(这部分称为数字信封),再将它和信息一起发送给接收方;接收方先用相应的私钥打开数字信封,得到对称**,然后使用对称**再解开信息。 

相关标签: 密码