Python 时间常用函数及结构

class time.struct_time 定义

the type of the time value sequence returned by gmtime(), localtime(), and strptime(). it is an object with a named tuple interface: values can be accessed by index and by attribute name. the following values are present:

index  | attribute   values
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0   | tm_year    (for example, 1993)
1   | tm_mon     range [1, 12]
2   | tm_mday    range [1, 31]
3   | tm_hour    range [0, 23]
4   | tm_min     range [0, 59]
5   | tm_sec     range [0, 61]; see (2) in strftime() description
6   | tm_wday    range [0, 6], monday is 0
7   | tm_yday    range [1, 366]
8   | tm_isdst    0, 1 or -1; see below
n/a   | tm_zone    abbreviation of timezone name
n/a   | tm_gmtoff   offset east of utc in seconds
---------------------------------------------------------------------

time.time()
return the time in seconds since the epoch as a floating point number

time.gmtime([secs]) 0时区的时间
convert a time expressed in seconds since the epoch to a struct_time in utc in which the dst flag is always zero. if secs is not provided or none, the current time as returned by time() is used. fractions of a second are ignored.

time.localtime([secs]) 本地时间
like gmtime() but converts to local time. if secs is not provided or none, the current time as returned by time() is used. the dst flag is set to 1 when dst applies to the given time.

time.mktime(t)  与localtime()的功能恰好相反
this is the inverse function of localtime()

time.sleep(secs)
suspend execution for the given number of seconds

time.strftime(format[, t])
convert a tuple or struct_time representing a time as returned by gmtime() or localtime() to a string as specified by the format argument. if t is not provided, the current time as returned by localtime() is used. format must be a string. valueerror is raised if any field in t is outside of the allowed range.

 

directive meaning
                                         notes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
%a          locale’s abbreviated weekday name.  
%a          locale’s full weekday name. 
%b          locale’s abbreviated month name.  
%b          locale’s full month name. 
%c          locale’s appropriate date and time representation.
 
%d          day of the month as a decimal number [01,31].
 
%h          hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23].
 
%i          hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12].
 
%j          day of the year as a decimal number [001,366].
 
%m          month as a decimal number [01,12].  
%m          minute as a decimal number [00,59].  
%p          locale’s equivalent of either am or pm.
(1)
%s          second as a decimal number [00,61].  (2)
%u          week number of the year (sunday as the first day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53]. all days in a new year preceding the first sunday are considered to be in week 0.
(3)
%w          weekday as a decimal number [0(sunday),6].
 
%w          week number of the year (monday as the first day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53]. all days in a new year preceding the first monday are considered to be in week 0.
(3)
%x          locale’s appropriate date representation.
 
%x          locale’s appropriate time representation.
 
%y          year without century as a decimal number [00,99].
 
%y          year with century as a decimal number.  
%z          time zone offset indicating a positive or negative time difference from utc/gmt of the form +hhmm or -hhmm, where h represents decimal hour digits and m represents decimal minute digits [-23:59, +23:59].
 
%z          time zone name (no characters if no time zone exists).
 
%%          a literal '%' character.
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time.ctime()
返回固定格式的本地时间