欢迎您访问程序员文章站本站旨在为大家提供分享程序员计算机编程知识!
您现在的位置是: 首页  >  移动技术

Android实现蓝牙(BlueTooth)设备检测连接

程序员文章站 2022-05-08 13:15:19
无论是wifi还是4g网络,建立网络连接后都是访问互联网资源,并不能直接访问局域网资源。比如两个人在一起,a要把手机上的视频传给b,通常情况是打开手机qq,通过qq传送文件给对方。不过...

无论是wifi还是4g网络,建立网络连接后都是访问互联网资源,并不能直接访问局域网资源。比如两个人在一起,a要把手机上的视频传给b,通常情况是打开手机qq,通过qq传送文件给对方。不过上传视频很耗流量,如果现场没有可用的wifi,手机的数据流量又不足,那又该怎么办呢?为了解决这种邻近传输文件的问题,蓝牙技术应运而生。蓝牙技术是一种无线技术标准,可实现设备之间的短距离数据交换。

android为蓝牙技术提供了4个工具类,分别是蓝牙适配器bluetoothadapter、蓝牙设备bluetoothdevice、蓝牙服务端套接字bluetoothserversocket和蓝牙客户端套接字bluetoothsocket。

蓝牙适配器bluetoothadapter

bluetoothadapter的作用其实跟其它的**manger差不多,可以把它当作蓝牙管理器。下面是bluetoothadapter的常用方法说明。

getdefaultadapter:静态方法,获取默认的蓝牙适配器对象;
enable:打开蓝牙功能;
disable:关闭蓝牙功能;
isenable:判断蓝牙功能是否打开;
startdiscovery:开始搜索周围的蓝牙设备;
canceldiscovery:取消搜索操作;
isdiscovering:判断当前是否正在搜索设备;
getbondeddevices:获取已绑定的设备列表;
setname:设置本机的蓝牙名称;
getname:获取本机的蓝牙名称;
getaddress:获取本机的蓝牙地址;
getremotedevice:根据蓝牙地址获取远程的蓝牙设备;
getstate:获取本地蓝牙适配器的状态;
listenusingrfcommwithservicerecord:根据名称和uuid创建并返回bluetoothservicesocket;
listenusingrfcommon:根据渠道编号创建并返回bluetoothservicesocket。

蓝牙设备bluetoothdevice

bluetoothdevice用于指代某个蓝牙设备,通常表示对方设备。bluetoothadapter管理的是本机蓝牙设备。下面是bluetoothdevice的常用方法说明。

  • getname:获得该设备的名称;
  • getaddress:获得该设备的地址;
  • getbondstate:获得该设备的绑定状态;
  • createbond:创建匹配对象;
  • createrfcommsockettoservicerecord:根据uuid创建并返回一个bluetoothsocket。

蓝牙服务器套接字bluetoothservicesocket

bluetoothservicesocket是服务端的socket,用来接收客户端的socket连接请求。下面是常用的方法说明。

accept:监听外部的蓝牙连接请求;
close:关闭服务端的蓝牙监听。

蓝牙客户端套接字bluetoothsocket

bluetoothsocket是客户端的socket,用于与对方设备进行数据通信。下面是常用的方法说明。

  • connect:建立蓝牙的socket连接;
  • close:关闭蓝牙的socket连接;
  • getinputstream:获取socket连接的输入流对象;
  • getoutputstream:获取socket连接的输出流对象;
  • getremotedevice:获取远程设备信息。

layout\activity_bluetooth.xml界面布局代码如下:界面布局代码如下:

<linearlayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
  android:layout_width="match_parent"
  android:layout_height="match_parent"
  android:orientation="vertical"
  android:padding="5dp">

  <linearlayout
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="horizontal">

    <checkbox
      android:id="@+id/ck_bluetooth"
      android:layout_width="wrap_content"
      android:layout_height="wrap_content"
      android:button="@null"
      android:checked="false"
      android:drawableleft="@drawable/ck_status_selector"
      android:text="蓝牙"
      android:textcolor="#ff000000"
      android:textsize="17sp" />

    <textview
      android:id="@+id/tv_discovery"
      android:layout_width="0dp"
      android:layout_height="match_parent"
      android:layout_weight="1"
      android:gravity="right|center"
      android:textcolor="#ff000000"
      android:textsize="17sp" />
  </linearlayout>

  <linearlayout
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="40dp"
    android:orientation="horizontal">

    <textview
      android:layout_width="0dp"
      android:layout_height="match_parent"
      android:layout_weight="4"
      android:gravity="center"
      android:text="名称"
      android:textcolor="#ff000000"
      android:textsize="17sp" />

    <textview
      android:layout_width="0dp"
      android:layout_height="match_parent"
      android:layout_weight="5"
      android:gravity="center"
      android:text="地址"
      android:textcolor="#ff000000"
      android:textsize="17sp" />

    <textview
      android:layout_width="0dp"
      android:layout_height="match_parent"
      android:layout_weight="2"
      android:gravity="center"
      android:text="状态"
      android:textcolor="#ff000000"
      android:textsize="17sp" />
  </linearlayout>

  <listview
    android:id="@+id/lv_bluetooth"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" />

</linearlayout>

bluetoothactivity.java逻辑代码如下:

package com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest;

import java.io.ioexception;
import java.lang.reflect.method;
import java.util.arraylist;

import android.app.alertdialog;
import android.bluetooth.bluetoothadapter;
import android.bluetooth.bluetoothdevice;
import android.bluetooth.bluetoothsocket;
import android.content.broadcastreceiver;
import android.content.context;
import android.content.intent;
import android.content.intentfilter;
import android.content.pm.packagemanager;
import android.os.asynctask;
import android.os.bundle;
import android.os.handler;
import android.os.message;
import android.support.annotation.nonnull;
import android.support.v4.app.activitycompat;
import android.support.v4.content.contextcompat;
import android.support.v7.app.appcompatactivity;
import android.util.log;
import android.view.view;
import android.view.view.onclicklistener;
import android.widget.adapterview;
import android.widget.adapterview.onitemclicklistener;
import android.widget.checkbox;
import android.widget.compoundbutton;
import android.widget.listview;
import android.widget.compoundbutton.oncheckedchangelistener;
import android.widget.textview;
import android.widget.toast;

import com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.adapter.bluelistadapter;
import com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.bean.bluedevice;
import com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.task.blueaccepttask;
import com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.task.blueconnecttask;
import com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.task.bluereceivetask;
import com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.util.bluetoothutil;
import com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.widget.inputdialogfragment;

public class bluetoothactivity extends appcompatactivity implements
    onclicklistener, onitemclicklistener, oncheckedchangelistener,
    blueconnecttask.blueconnectlistener, inputdialogfragment.inputcallbacks, blueaccepttask.blueacceptlistener {
  private static final string tag = "bluetoothactivity";
  private checkbox ck_bluetooth;
  private textview tv_discovery;
  private listview lv_bluetooth;
  private bluetoothadapter mbluetooth;
  private arraylist<bluedevice> mdevicelist = new arraylist<bluedevice>();

  @override
  protected void oncreate(bundle savedinstancestate) {
    super.oncreate(savedinstancestate);
    setcontentview(r.layout.activity_bluetooth);
    bluetoothpermissions();
    ck_bluetooth = (checkbox) findviewbyid(r.id.ck_bluetooth);
    tv_discovery = (textview) findviewbyid(r.id.tv_discovery);
    lv_bluetooth = (listview) findviewbyid(r.id.lv_bluetooth);
    if (bluetoothutil.getbluetoothstatus(this) == true) {
      ck_bluetooth.setchecked(true);
    }
    ck_bluetooth.setoncheckedchangelistener(this);
    tv_discovery.setonclicklistener(this);
    mbluetooth = bluetoothadapter.getdefaultadapter();
    if (mbluetooth == null) {
      toast.maketext(this, "本机未找到蓝牙功能", toast.length_short).show();
      finish();
    }
  }

  // 定义获取基于地理位置的动态权限
  private void bluetoothpermissions() {
    if (contextcompat.checkselfpermission(this, android.manifest.permission.access_coarse_location)
        != packagemanager.permission_granted) {
      activitycompat.requestpermissions(this, new string[]{
          android.manifest.permission.access_coarse_location}, 1);
    }
  }

  /**
   * 重写onrequestpermissionsresult方法
   * 获取动态权限请求的结果,再开启蓝牙
   */
  @override
  public void onrequestpermissionsresult(int requestcode, @nonnull string[] permissions, @nonnull int[] grantresults) {
    if (requestcode == 1 && grantresults[0] == packagemanager.permission_granted) {
      if (bluetoothutil.getbluetoothstatus(this) == true) {
        ck_bluetooth.setchecked(true);
      }
      ck_bluetooth.setoncheckedchangelistener(this);
      tv_discovery.setonclicklistener(this);
      mbluetooth = bluetoothadapter.getdefaultadapter();
      if (mbluetooth == null) {
        toast.maketext(this, "本机未找到蓝牙功能", toast.length_short).show();
        finish();
      }
    } else {
      toast.maketext(this, "用户拒绝了权限", toast.length_short).show();
    }
    super.onrequestpermissionsresult(requestcode, permissions, grantresults);
  }

  @override
  public void oncheckedchanged(compoundbutton buttonview, boolean ischecked) {
    if (buttonview.getid() == r.id.ck_bluetooth) {
      if (ischecked == true) {
        begindiscovery();
        intent intent = new intent(bluetoothadapter.action_request_discoverable);
        startactivityforresult(intent, 1);
        // 下面这行代码为服务端需要,客户端不需要
        mhandler.postdelayed(maccept, 1000);
      } else {
        canceldiscovery();
        bluetoothutil.setbluetoothstatus(this, false);
        mdevicelist.clear();
        bluelistadapter adapter = new bluelistadapter(this, mdevicelist);
        lv_bluetooth.setadapter(adapter);
      }
    }
  }

  private runnable maccept = new runnable() {
    @override
    public void run() {
      if (mbluetooth.getstate() == bluetoothadapter.state_on) {
        blueaccepttask accepttask = new blueaccepttask(true);
        accepttask.setblueacceptlistener(bluetoothactivity.this);
        accepttask.executeonexecutor(asynctask.thread_pool_executor);
      } else {
        mhandler.postdelayed(this, 1000);
      }
    }
  };

  @override
  public void onclick(view v) {
    if (v.getid() == r.id.tv_discovery) {
      begindiscovery();
    }
  }

  @override
  protected void onactivityresult(int requestcode, int resultcode, intent intent) {
    super.onactivityresult(requestcode, resultcode, intent);
    if (requestcode == 1) {
      if (resultcode == result_ok) {
        toast.maketext(this, "允许本地蓝牙被附近的其它蓝牙设备发现", toast.length_short).show();
      } else if (resultcode == result_canceled) {
        toast.maketext(this, "不允许蓝牙被附近的其它蓝牙设备发现", toast.length_short).show();
      }
    }
  }

  private runnable mrefresh = new runnable() {
    @override
    public void run() {
      begindiscovery();
      mhandler.postdelayed(this, 2000);
    }
  };

  private void begindiscovery() {
    if (mbluetooth.isdiscovering() != true) {
      mdevicelist.clear();
      bluelistadapter adapter = new bluelistadapter(bluetoothactivity.this, mdevicelist);
      lv_bluetooth.setadapter(adapter);
      tv_discovery.settext("正在搜索蓝牙设备");
      mbluetooth.startdiscovery();
    }
  }

  private void canceldiscovery() {
    mhandler.removecallbacks(mrefresh);
    tv_discovery.settext("取消搜索蓝牙设备");
    if (mbluetooth.isdiscovering() == true) {
      mbluetooth.canceldiscovery();
    }
  }

  @override
  protected void onstart() {
    super.onstart();
    mhandler.postdelayed(mrefresh, 50);
    bluereceiver = new bluetoothreceiver();
    //需要过滤多个动作,则调用intentfilter对象的addaction添加新动作
    intentfilter foundfilter = new intentfilter(bluetoothdevice.action_found);
    foundfilter.addaction(bluetoothadapter.action_discovery_finished);
    foundfilter.addaction(bluetoothdevice.action_bond_state_changed);
    registerreceiver(bluereceiver, foundfilter);
  }

  @override
  protected void onstop() {
    super.onstop();
    canceldiscovery();
    unregisterreceiver(bluereceiver);
  }

  private bluetoothreceiver bluereceiver;

  private class bluetoothreceiver extends broadcastreceiver {
    @override
    public void onreceive(context context, intent intent) {
      string action = intent.getaction();
      log.d(tag, "onreceive action=" + action);
      // 获得已经搜索到的蓝牙设备
      if (action.equals(bluetoothdevice.action_found)) {
        bluetoothdevice device = intent.getparcelableextra(bluetoothdevice.extra_device);
        bluedevice item = new bluedevice(device.getname(), device.getaddress(), device.getbondstate() - 10);
        mdevicelist.add(item);
        bluelistadapter adapter = new bluelistadapter(bluetoothactivity.this, mdevicelist);
        lv_bluetooth.setadapter(adapter);
        lv_bluetooth.setonitemclicklistener(bluetoothactivity.this);
      } else if (action.equals(bluetoothadapter.action_discovery_finished)) {
        mhandler.removecallbacks(mrefresh);
        tv_discovery.settext("蓝牙设备搜索完成");
      } else if (action.equals(bluetoothdevice.action_bond_state_changed)) {
        bluetoothdevice device = intent.getparcelableextra(bluetoothdevice.extra_device);
        if (device.getbondstate() == bluetoothdevice.bond_bonding) {
          tv_discovery.settext("正在配对" + device.getname());
        } else if (device.getbondstate() == bluetoothdevice.bond_bonded) {
          tv_discovery.settext("完成配对" + device.getname());
          mhandler.postdelayed(mrefresh, 50);
        } else if (device.getbondstate() == bluetoothdevice.bond_none) {
          tv_discovery.settext("取消配对" + device.getname());
        }
      }
    }
  }

  @override
  public void onitemclick(adapterview<?> parent, view view, int position, long id) {
    canceldiscovery();
    bluedevice item = mdevicelist.get(position);
    bluetoothdevice device = mbluetooth.getremotedevice(item.address);
    try {
      if (device.getbondstate() == bluetoothdevice.bond_none) {
        method createbondmethod = bluetoothdevice.class.getmethod("createbond");
        log.d(tag, "开始配对");
        boolean result = (boolean) createbondmethod.invoke(device);
      } else if (device.getbondstate() == bluetoothdevice.bond_bonded &&
          item.state != bluelistadapter.connected) {
        tv_discovery.settext("开始连接");
        blueconnecttask connecttask = new blueconnecttask(item.address);
        connecttask.setblueconnectlistener(this);
        connecttask.executeonexecutor(asynctask.thread_pool_executor, device);
      } else if (device.getbondstate() == bluetoothdevice.bond_bonded &&
          item.state == bluelistadapter.connected) {
        tv_discovery.settext("正在发送消息");
        inputdialogfragment dialog = inputdialogfragment.newinstance(
            "", 0, "请输入要发送的消息");
        string fragtag = getresources().getstring(r.string.app_name);
        dialog.show(getfragmentmanager(), fragtag);
      }
    } catch (exception e) {
      e.printstacktrace();
      tv_discovery.settext("配对异常:" + e.getmessage());
    }
  }

  //向对方发送消息
  @override
  public void oninput(string title, string message, int type) {
    log.d(tag, "oninput message=" + message);
    log.d(tag, "mbluesocket is " + (mbluesocket == null ? "null" : "not null"));
    bluetoothutil.writeoutputstream(mbluesocket, message);
  }

  private bluetoothsocket mbluesocket;

  //客户端主动连接
  @override
  public void onblueconnect(string address, bluetoothsocket socket) {
    mbluesocket = socket;
    tv_discovery.settext("连接成功");
    refreshaddress(address);
  }

  //刷新已连接的状态
  private void refreshaddress(string address) {
    for (int i = 0; i < mdevicelist.size(); i++) {
      bluedevice item = mdevicelist.get(i);
      if (item.address.equals(address) == true) {
        item.state = bluelistadapter.connected;
        mdevicelist.set(i, item);
      }
    }
    bluelistadapter adapter = new bluelistadapter(this, mdevicelist);
    lv_bluetooth.setadapter(adapter);
  }

  //服务端侦听到连接
  @override
  public void onblueaccept(bluetoothsocket socket) {
    log.d(tag, "onblueaccept socket is " + (socket == null ? "null" : "not null"));
    if (socket != null) {
      mbluesocket = socket;
      bluetoothdevice device = mbluesocket.getremotedevice();
      refreshaddress(device.getaddress());
      bluereceivetask receive = new bluereceivetask(mbluesocket, mhandler);
      receive.start();
    }
  }

  //收到对方发来的消息
  private handler mhandler = new handler() {
    @override
    public void handlemessage(message msg) {
      if (msg.what == 0) {
        byte[] readbuf = (byte[]) msg.obj;
        string readmessage = new string(readbuf, 0, msg.arg1);
        log.d(tag, "handlemessage readmessage=" + readmessage);
        alertdialog.builder builder = new alertdialog.builder(bluetoothactivity.this);
        builder.settitle("我收到消息啦").setmessage(readmessage).setpositivebutton("确定", null);
        builder.create().show();
      }
    }
  };

  @override
  protected void ondestroy() {
    super.ondestroy();
    if (mbluesocket != null) {
      try {
        mbluesocket.close();
      } catch (ioexception e) {
        e.printstacktrace();
      }
    }
  }
}

添加蓝牙所需的相应权限:

 <!-- 蓝牙 -->
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.bluetooth_admin" />
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.bluetooth" />
  <!--基于地理位置-->
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.access_coarse_location" />

demo程序运行效果界面截图如下:

Android实现蓝牙(BlueTooth)设备检测连接

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持。