Android实现蓝牙（BlueTooth）设备检测连接

无论是wifi还是4g网络，建立网络连接后都是访问互联网资源，并不能直接访问局域网资源。比如两个人在一起，a要把手机上的视频传给b，通常情况是打开手机qq，通过qq传送文件给对方。不过上传视频很耗流量，如果现场没有可用的wifi，手机的数据流量又不足，那又该怎么办呢？为了解决这种邻近传输文件的问题，蓝牙技术应运而生。蓝牙技术是一种无线技术标准，可实现设备之间的短距离数据交换。

android为蓝牙技术提供了4个工具类，分别是蓝牙适配器bluetoothadapter、蓝牙设备bluetoothdevice、蓝牙服务端套接字bluetoothserversocket和蓝牙客户端套接字bluetoothsocket。

蓝牙适配器bluetoothadapter

bluetoothadapter的作用其实跟其它的**manger差不多，可以把它当作蓝牙管理器。下面是bluetoothadapter的常用方法说明。

getdefaultadapter：静态方法，获取默认的蓝牙适配器对象；
enable：打开蓝牙功能；
disable：关闭蓝牙功能；
isenable：判断蓝牙功能是否打开；
startdiscovery：开始搜索周围的蓝牙设备；
canceldiscovery：取消搜索操作；
isdiscovering：判断当前是否正在搜索设备；
getbondeddevices：获取已绑定的设备列表；
setname：设置本机的蓝牙名称；
getname：获取本机的蓝牙名称；
getaddress：获取本机的蓝牙地址；
getremotedevice：根据蓝牙地址获取远程的蓝牙设备；
getstate：获取本地蓝牙适配器的状态；
listenusingrfcommwithservicerecord：根据名称和uuid创建并返回bluetoothservicesocket；
listenusingrfcommon：根据渠道编号创建并返回bluetoothservicesocket。

蓝牙设备bluetoothdevice

bluetoothdevice用于指代某个蓝牙设备，通常表示对方设备。bluetoothadapter管理的是本机蓝牙设备。下面是bluetoothdevice的常用方法说明。

• getname：获得该设备的名称；
• getaddress：获得该设备的地址；
• getbondstate：获得该设备的绑定状态；
• createbond：创建匹配对象；
• createrfcommsockettoservicerecord：根据uuid创建并返回一个bluetoothsocket。

蓝牙服务器套接字bluetoothservicesocket

bluetoothservicesocket是服务端的socket，用来接收客户端的socket连接请求。下面是常用的方法说明。

accept：监听外部的蓝牙连接请求；
close：关闭服务端的蓝牙监听。

蓝牙客户端套接字bluetoothsocket

bluetoothsocket是客户端的socket，用于与对方设备进行数据通信。下面是常用的方法说明。

• connect：建立蓝牙的socket连接；
• close：关闭蓝牙的socket连接；
• getinputstream：获取socket连接的输入流对象；
• getoutputstream：获取socket连接的输出流对象；
• getremotedevice：获取远程设备信息。

layout\activity_bluetooth.xml界面布局代码如下：界面布局代码如下：

<linearlayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
  android:layout_width="match_parent"
  android:layout_height="match_parent"
  android:orientation="vertical"
  android:padding="5dp">

  <linearlayout
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="horizontal">

    <checkbox
      android:id="@+id/ck_bluetooth"
      android:layout_width="wrap_content"
      android:layout_height="wrap_content"
      android:button="@null"
      android:checked="false"
      android:drawableleft="@drawable/ck_status_selector"
      android:text="蓝牙"
      android:textcolor="#ff000000"
      android:textsize="17sp" />

    <textview
      android:id="@+id/tv_discovery"
      android:layout_width="0dp"
      android:layout_height="match_parent"
      android:layout_weight="1"
      android:gravity="right|center"
      android:textcolor="#ff000000"
      android:textsize="17sp" />
  </linearlayout>

  <linearlayout
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="40dp"
    android:orientation="horizontal">

    <textview
      android:layout_width="0dp"
      android:layout_height="match_parent"
      android:layout_weight="4"
      android:gravity="center"
      android:text="名称"
      android:textcolor="#ff000000"
      android:textsize="17sp" />

    <textview
      android:layout_width="0dp"
      android:layout_height="match_parent"
      android:layout_weight="5"
      android:gravity="center"
      android:text="地址"
      android:textcolor="#ff000000"
      android:textsize="17sp" />

    <textview
      android:layout_width="0dp"
      android:layout_height="match_parent"
      android:layout_weight="2"
      android:gravity="center"
      android:text="状态"
      android:textcolor="#ff000000"
      android:textsize="17sp" />
  </linearlayout>

  <listview
    android:id="@+id/lv_bluetooth"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" />

</linearlayout>

bluetoothactivity.java逻辑代码如下：

package com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest;

import java.io.ioexception;
import java.lang.reflect.method;
import java.util.arraylist;

import android.app.alertdialog;
import android.bluetooth.bluetoothadapter;
import android.bluetooth.bluetoothdevice;
import android.bluetooth.bluetoothsocket;
import android.content.broadcastreceiver;
import android.content.context;
import android.content.intent;
import android.content.intentfilter;
import android.content.pm.packagemanager;
import android.os.asynctask;
import android.os.bundle;
import android.os.handler;
import android.os.message;
import android.support.annotation.nonnull;
import android.support.v4.app.activitycompat;
import android.support.v4.content.contextcompat;
import android.support.v7.app.appcompatactivity;
import android.util.log;
import android.view.view;
import android.view.view.onclicklistener;
import android.widget.adapterview;
import android.widget.adapterview.onitemclicklistener;
import android.widget.checkbox;
import android.widget.compoundbutton;
import android.widget.listview;
import android.widget.compoundbutton.oncheckedchangelistener;
import android.widget.textview;
import android.widget.toast;

import com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.adapter.bluelistadapter;
import com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.bean.bluedevice;
import com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.task.blueaccepttask;
import com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.task.blueconnecttask;
import com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.task.bluereceivetask;
import com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.util.bluetoothutil;
import com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.widget.inputdialogfragment;

public class bluetoothactivity extends appcompatactivity implements
    onclicklistener, onitemclicklistener, oncheckedchangelistener,
    blueconnecttask.blueconnectlistener, inputdialogfragment.inputcallbacks, blueaccepttask.blueacceptlistener {
  private static final string tag = "bluetoothactivity";
  private checkbox ck_bluetooth;
  private textview tv_discovery;
  private listview lv_bluetooth;
  private bluetoothadapter mbluetooth;
  private arraylist<bluedevice> mdevicelist = new arraylist<bluedevice>();

  @override
  protected void oncreate(bundle savedinstancestate) {
    super.oncreate(savedinstancestate);
    setcontentview(r.layout.activity_bluetooth);
    bluetoothpermissions();
    ck_bluetooth = (checkbox) findviewbyid(r.id.ck_bluetooth);
    tv_discovery = (textview) findviewbyid(r.id.tv_discovery);
    lv_bluetooth = (listview) findviewbyid(r.id.lv_bluetooth);
    if (bluetoothutil.getbluetoothstatus(this) == true) {
      ck_bluetooth.setchecked(true);
    }
    ck_bluetooth.setoncheckedchangelistener(this);
    tv_discovery.setonclicklistener(this);
    mbluetooth = bluetoothadapter.getdefaultadapter();
    if (mbluetooth == null) {
      toast.maketext(this, "本机未找到蓝牙功能", toast.length_short).show();
      finish();
    }
  }

  // 定义获取基于地理位置的动态权限
  private void bluetoothpermissions() {
    if (contextcompat.checkselfpermission(this, android.manifest.permission.access_coarse_location)
        != packagemanager.permission_granted) {
      activitycompat.requestpermissions(this, new string[]{
          android.manifest.permission.access_coarse_location}, 1);
    }
  }

  /**
   * 重写onrequestpermissionsresult方法
   * 获取动态权限请求的结果,再开启蓝牙
   */
  @override
  public void onrequestpermissionsresult(int requestcode, @nonnull string[] permissions, @nonnull int[] grantresults) {
    if (requestcode == 1 && grantresults[0] == packagemanager.permission_granted) {
      if (bluetoothutil.getbluetoothstatus(this) == true) {
        ck_bluetooth.setchecked(true);
      }
      ck_bluetooth.setoncheckedchangelistener(this);
      tv_discovery.setonclicklistener(this);
      mbluetooth = bluetoothadapter.getdefaultadapter();
      if (mbluetooth == null) {
        toast.maketext(this, "本机未找到蓝牙功能", toast.length_short).show();
        finish();
      }
    } else {
      toast.maketext(this, "用户拒绝了权限", toast.length_short).show();
    }
    super.onrequestpermissionsresult(requestcode, permissions, grantresults);
  }

  @override
  public void oncheckedchanged(compoundbutton buttonview, boolean ischecked) {
    if (buttonview.getid() == r.id.ck_bluetooth) {
      if (ischecked == true) {
        begindiscovery();
        intent intent = new intent(bluetoothadapter.action_request_discoverable);
        startactivityforresult(intent, 1);
        // 下面这行代码为服务端需要，客户端不需要
        mhandler.postdelayed(maccept, 1000);
      } else {
        canceldiscovery();
        bluetoothutil.setbluetoothstatus(this, false);
        mdevicelist.clear();
        bluelistadapter adapter = new bluelistadapter(this, mdevicelist);
        lv_bluetooth.setadapter(adapter);
      }
    }
  }

  private runnable maccept = new runnable() {
    @override
    public void run() {
      if (mbluetooth.getstate() == bluetoothadapter.state_on) {
        blueaccepttask accepttask = new blueaccepttask(true);
        accepttask.setblueacceptlistener(bluetoothactivity.this);
        accepttask.executeonexecutor(asynctask.thread_pool_executor);
      } else {
        mhandler.postdelayed(this, 1000);
      }
    }
  };

  @override
  public void onclick(view v) {
    if (v.getid() == r.id.tv_discovery) {
      begindiscovery();
    }
  }

  @override
  protected void onactivityresult(int requestcode, int resultcode, intent intent) {
    super.onactivityresult(requestcode, resultcode, intent);
    if (requestcode == 1) {
      if (resultcode == result_ok) {
        toast.maketext(this, "允许本地蓝牙被附近的其它蓝牙设备发现", toast.length_short).show();
      } else if (resultcode == result_canceled) {
        toast.maketext(this, "不允许蓝牙被附近的其它蓝牙设备发现", toast.length_short).show();
      }
    }
  }

  private runnable mrefresh = new runnable() {
    @override
    public void run() {
      begindiscovery();
      mhandler.postdelayed(this, 2000);
    }
  };

  private void begindiscovery() {
    if (mbluetooth.isdiscovering() != true) {
      mdevicelist.clear();
      bluelistadapter adapter = new bluelistadapter(bluetoothactivity.this, mdevicelist);
      lv_bluetooth.setadapter(adapter);
      tv_discovery.settext("正在搜索蓝牙设备");
      mbluetooth.startdiscovery();
    }
  }

  private void canceldiscovery() {
    mhandler.removecallbacks(mrefresh);
    tv_discovery.settext("取消搜索蓝牙设备");
    if (mbluetooth.isdiscovering() == true) {
      mbluetooth.canceldiscovery();
    }
  }

  @override
  protected void onstart() {
    super.onstart();
    mhandler.postdelayed(mrefresh, 50);
    bluereceiver = new bluetoothreceiver();
    //需要过滤多个动作，则调用intentfilter对象的addaction添加新动作
    intentfilter foundfilter = new intentfilter(bluetoothdevice.action_found);
    foundfilter.addaction(bluetoothadapter.action_discovery_finished);
    foundfilter.addaction(bluetoothdevice.action_bond_state_changed);
    registerreceiver(bluereceiver, foundfilter);
  }

  @override
  protected void onstop() {
    super.onstop();
    canceldiscovery();
    unregisterreceiver(bluereceiver);
  }

  private bluetoothreceiver bluereceiver;

  private class bluetoothreceiver extends broadcastreceiver {
    @override
    public void onreceive(context context, intent intent) {
      string action = intent.getaction();
      log.d(tag, "onreceive action=" + action);
      // 获得已经搜索到的蓝牙设备
      if (action.equals(bluetoothdevice.action_found)) {
        bluetoothdevice device = intent.getparcelableextra(bluetoothdevice.extra_device);
        bluedevice item = new bluedevice(device.getname(), device.getaddress(), device.getbondstate() - 10);
        mdevicelist.add(item);
        bluelistadapter adapter = new bluelistadapter(bluetoothactivity.this, mdevicelist);
        lv_bluetooth.setadapter(adapter);
        lv_bluetooth.setonitemclicklistener(bluetoothactivity.this);
      } else if (action.equals(bluetoothadapter.action_discovery_finished)) {
        mhandler.removecallbacks(mrefresh);
        tv_discovery.settext("蓝牙设备搜索完成");
      } else if (action.equals(bluetoothdevice.action_bond_state_changed)) {
        bluetoothdevice device = intent.getparcelableextra(bluetoothdevice.extra_device);
        if (device.getbondstate() == bluetoothdevice.bond_bonding) {
          tv_discovery.settext("正在配对" + device.getname());
        } else if (device.getbondstate() == bluetoothdevice.bond_bonded) {
          tv_discovery.settext("完成配对" + device.getname());
          mhandler.postdelayed(mrefresh, 50);
        } else if (device.getbondstate() == bluetoothdevice.bond_none) {
          tv_discovery.settext("取消配对" + device.getname());
        }
      }
    }
  }

  @override
  public void onitemclick(adapterview<?> parent, view view, int position, long id) {
    canceldiscovery();
    bluedevice item = mdevicelist.get(position);
    bluetoothdevice device = mbluetooth.getremotedevice(item.address);
    try {
      if (device.getbondstate() == bluetoothdevice.bond_none) {
        method createbondmethod = bluetoothdevice.class.getmethod("createbond");
        log.d(tag, "开始配对");
        boolean result = (boolean) createbondmethod.invoke(device);
      } else if (device.getbondstate() == bluetoothdevice.bond_bonded &&
          item.state != bluelistadapter.connected) {
        tv_discovery.settext("开始连接");
        blueconnecttask connecttask = new blueconnecttask(item.address);
        connecttask.setblueconnectlistener(this);
        connecttask.executeonexecutor(asynctask.thread_pool_executor, device);
      } else if (device.getbondstate() == bluetoothdevice.bond_bonded &&
          item.state == bluelistadapter.connected) {
        tv_discovery.settext("正在发送消息");
        inputdialogfragment dialog = inputdialogfragment.newinstance(
            "", 0, "请输入要发送的消息");
        string fragtag = getresources().getstring(r.string.app_name);
        dialog.show(getfragmentmanager(), fragtag);
      }
    } catch (exception e) {
      e.printstacktrace();
      tv_discovery.settext("配对异常：" + e.getmessage());
    }
  }

  //向对方发送消息
  @override
  public void oninput(string title, string message, int type) {
    log.d(tag, "oninput message=" + message);
    log.d(tag, "mbluesocket is " + (mbluesocket == null ? "null" : "not null"));
    bluetoothutil.writeoutputstream(mbluesocket, message);
  }

  private bluetoothsocket mbluesocket;

  //客户端主动连接
  @override
  public void onblueconnect(string address, bluetoothsocket socket) {
    mbluesocket = socket;
    tv_discovery.settext("连接成功");
    refreshaddress(address);
  }

  //刷新已连接的状态
  private void refreshaddress(string address) {
    for (int i = 0; i < mdevicelist.size(); i++) {
      bluedevice item = mdevicelist.get(i);
      if (item.address.equals(address) == true) {
        item.state = bluelistadapter.connected;
        mdevicelist.set(i, item);
      }
    }
    bluelistadapter adapter = new bluelistadapter(this, mdevicelist);
    lv_bluetooth.setadapter(adapter);
  }

  //服务端侦听到连接
  @override
  public void onblueaccept(bluetoothsocket socket) {
    log.d(tag, "onblueaccept socket is " + (socket == null ? "null" : "not null"));
    if (socket != null) {
      mbluesocket = socket;
      bluetoothdevice device = mbluesocket.getremotedevice();
      refreshaddress(device.getaddress());
      bluereceivetask receive = new bluereceivetask(mbluesocket, mhandler);
      receive.start();
    }
  }

  //收到对方发来的消息
  private handler mhandler = new handler() {
    @override
    public void handlemessage(message msg) {
      if (msg.what == 0) {
        byte[] readbuf = (byte[]) msg.obj;
        string readmessage = new string(readbuf, 0, msg.arg1);
        log.d(tag, "handlemessage readmessage=" + readmessage);
        alertdialog.builder builder = new alertdialog.builder(bluetoothactivity.this);
        builder.settitle("我收到消息啦").setmessage(readmessage).setpositivebutton("确定", null);
        builder.create().show();
      }
    }
  };

  @override
  protected void ondestroy() {
    super.ondestroy();
    if (mbluesocket != null) {
      try {
        mbluesocket.close();
      } catch (ioexception e) {
        e.printstacktrace();
      }
    }
  }
}

添加蓝牙所需的相应权限：

 <!-- 蓝牙 -->
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.bluetooth_admin" />
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.bluetooth" />
  <!--基于地理位置-->
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.access_coarse_location" />

demo程序运行效果界面截图如下：

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。