cpanm安装及Perl模块安装教程

cpanm是安装perl模块的最方便的方法。自动下载安装依赖包。使用cpan shell或下载源码包安装模块，遇到大量依赖关系，非常头痛。下面就是一例：

安装mongodb模块

# perl makefile.pl
warning: prerequisite class::method::modifiers 0 not found.
warning: prerequisite data::types 0 not found.
warning: prerequisite datetime 0 not found.
warning: prerequisite datetime::tiny 0 not found.
warning: prerequisite extutils::makemaker 6.59 not found. we have 6.30.
warning: prerequisite file::slurp 0 not found.
warning: prerequisite file::temp 0.17 not found. we have 0.16.
warning: prerequisite json 0 not found.
warning: prerequisite moose 0 not found.
warning: prerequisite test::exception 0 not found.
warning: prerequisite test::warn 0 not found.
warning: prerequisite tie::ixhash 0 not found.
warning: prerequisite try::tiny 0 not found.
warning: prerequisite boolean 0 not found.
writing makefile for mongodb

1. 安装cpanm

cpanm其实是一个可执行文件而已。将它下载到bin目录，然后添加执行权限就可以了。

# wget http:
//xrl.us/cpanm -o /usr/bin/cpanm; chmod +x /usr/bin/cpanm

2. 使用cpanm安装模块

# cpanm -h
  -v,--verbose              turns on chatty output
  -q,--quiet                turns off the most output
  --interactive             开启交互配置(required for task:: modules)
  -f,--force                强制安装
  -n,--notest               do not run unit tests
  --test-only               只测试不安装
  -s,--sudo                 sudo to run install commands
  --installdeps             只安装依赖模块
  --showdeps                只显示依赖信息
  --reinstall               重新安装
  --mirror                  指定镜像url (e.g. http://cpan.cpantesters.org/)
  --mirror-only             只从镜像下载
  --prompt                  prompt when configure/build/test fails
  -l,--local-lib            specify the install base to install modules
  -l,--local-lib-contained  specify the install base to install all non-core modules
  --self-contained          install all non-core modules, even if they're already installed.
  --auto-cleanup            number of days that cpanm's work directories expire in. defaults to 7

  examples:
  cpanm test::more                                          # install test::more
  cpanm miyagawa/plack-0.99_05.tar.gz                       # full distribution path
  cpanm http://example.org/lds/cgi.pm-3.20.tar.gz           # install from url
  cpanm ~/dists/mycompany-enterprise-1.00.tar.gz            # install from a local file
  cpanm --interactive task::kensho                          # configure interactively
  cpanm .                                                   # install from local directory
  cpanm --installdeps .                                     # install all the deps for the current directory
  cpanm -l extlib plack                                     # install plack and all non-core deps into extlib
  cpanm --mirror http://cpan.cpantesters.org/ dbi           # use the fast-syncing mirror

参数名直接为模块名称

如，安装mongodb模块

# cpanm mongodb
--> working on mongodb
fetching http://www.cpan.org/authors/id/f/fr/friedo/mongodb-0.702.0.tar.gz ... ok
configuring mongodb-0.702.0 ... ok
==> found dependencies: datetime, tie::ixhash, data::types, datetime::tiny, class::method::modifiers, boolean, moose, file::slurp, try::tiny, test::exception, extutils::makemaker, test::warn, file::temp, json
--> working on datetime
......  //自动解决依赖模块

为了加快下载速度, 可以指定使用镜像,并只从镜像下载:

# cpanm --mirror http:
//mirrors.163.com/cpan --mirror-only mongodb

3. 删除模块

安装app::pmuninstall模块：

# cpanm app::pmuninstall

4.删除模块

# pm-uninstall mongodb

mongodb.so: undefined symbol: heutf8 问题解决方案参见：https://www.jb51.net/article/56285.htm