简析mysql字符集导致恢复数据库报错问题

mysql字符集编码错误的导入数据会提示错误了，这个和插入数据一样如果保存的数据与mysql编码不一样那么肯定会出现导入乱码或插入数据丢失的问题，下面我们一起来看一个例子。

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恢复数据库报错：由于字符集问题，最原始的数据库默认编码是latin1，新备份的数据库的编码是utf8，因此导致恢复错误。

[root@hk byrd]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p'admin' t4x < /tmp/11x-b-2014-06-18.sql 
error 1064 (42000) at line 292: you have an error in your sql syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your mysql server version for the right syntax to use near ''[caption id=\"attachment_271\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"ht' at line 1

修复方法(未实测)：

[root@test ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p'admin' --default-character-set=latin1 t4x < /tmp/11x-b-2014-06-18.sql 
mysql
-- mysql dump 10.13 distrib 5.5.37, for linux (x86_64)
--
-- host: localhost  database: t4x
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- server version    5.5.37-log
/*!40101 set @old_character_set_client=@@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 set @old_character_set_results=@@character_set_results */;
/*!40101 set @old_collation_connection=@@collation_connection */;
/*!40101 set names utf8 */;
/*!40103 set @old_time_zone=@@time_zone */;
/*!40103 set time_zone=' 00:00' */;
/*!40014 set @old_unique_checks=@@unique_checks, unique_checks=0 */;
/*!40014 set @old_foreign_key_checks=@@foreign_key_checks, foreign_key_checks=0 */;
/*!40101 set @old_sql_mode=@@sql_mode, sql_mode='no_auto_value_on_zero' */;
/*!40111 set @old_sql_notes=@@sql_notes, sql_notes=0 */;
--
-- current database: `t4x`
--
create database /*!32312 if not exists*/ `t4x` /*!40100 default character set utf8 */;
--
-- table structure for table `wp_baidusubmit_sitemap`
--
drop table if exists `wp_baidusubmit_sitemap`;
/*!40101 set @saved_cs_client   = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 set character_set_client = utf8 */;
create table `wp_baidusubmit_sitemap` (
 `sid` int(11) not null auto_increment,
 `url` varchar(255) not null default '',
 `type` tinyint(4) not null,
 `create_time` int(10) not null default '0',
 `start` int(11) default '0',
 `end` int(11) default '0',
 `item_count` int(10) unsigned default '0',
 `file_size` int(10) unsigned default '0',
 `lost_time` int(10) unsigned default '0',
 primary key (`sid`),
 key `start` (`start`),
 key `end` (`end`)
) engine=myisam auto_increment=84 default charset=utf8;
/*!40101 set character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
0
1
[root@hk byrd]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p'admin' t4x < /tmp/t4x-b-2014-06-17.sql 
error 1064 (42000) at line 295: you have an error in your sql syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your mysql server version for the right syntax to use near ''i' at line 1

mysql

-- mysql dump 10.11
--
-- host: localhost  database: t4x
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- server version    5.0.95-log
/*!40101 set @old_character_set_client=@@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 set @old_character_set_results=@@character_set_results */;
/*!40101 set @old_collation_connection=@@collation_connection */;
/*!40101 set names utf8 */;
/*!40103 set @old_time_zone=@@time_zone */;
/*!40103 set time_zone=' 00:00' */;
/*!40014 set @old_unique_checks=@@unique_checks, unique_checks=0 */;
/*!40014 set @old_foreign_key_checks=@@foreign_key_checks, foreign_key_checks=0 */;
/*!40101 set @old_sql_mode=@@sql_mode, sql_mode='no_auto_value_on_zero' */;
/*!40111 set @old_sql_notes=@@sql_notes, sql_notes=0 */;
-- 
-- current database: `t4x`
--
create database /*!32312 if not exists*/ `t4x` /*!40100 default character set latin1 */;
use `t4x`;
--
-- table structure for table `wp_baidusubmit_sitemap`
--
drop table if exists `wp_baidusubmit_sitemap`;
/*!40101 set @saved_cs_client   = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 set character_set_client = utf8 */;
create table `wp_baidusubmit_sitemap` (
 `sid` int(11) not null auto_increment,
 `url` varchar(255) not null default '',
 `type` tinyint(4) not null,
 `create_time` int(10) not null default '0',
 `start` int(11) default '0',
 `end` int(11) default '0',
 `item_count` int(10) unsigned default '0',
 `file_size` int(10) unsigned default '0',
 `lost_time` int(10) unsigned default '0',
 primary key (`sid`),
 key `start` (`start`),
 key `end` (`end`)
) engine=myisam auto_increment=83 default charset=utf8;
/*!40101 set character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

字符集相关：

mysql

mysql>show variables like '%character_set%';
-------------------------- ---------------------------- 
| variable_name      | value           |
-------------------------- ---------------------------- 
| character_set_client   | utf8            |
| character_set_connection | utf8            |
| character_set_database  | utf8            |
| character_set_filesystem | binary           |
| character_set_results  | utf8            |
| character_set_server   | latin1           |
| character_set_system   | utf8            |
| character_sets_dir    | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
-------------------------- ---------------------------- 
mysql>set names gbk;
mysql>show variables like '%character_set%';
-------------------------- ---------------------------- 
| variable_name      | value           |
-------------------------- ---------------------------- 
| character_set_client   | gbk            |
| character_set_connection | gbk            |
| character_set_database  | utf8            |
| character_set_filesystem | binary           |
| character_set_results  | gbk            |
| character_set_server   | latin1           |
| character_set_system   | utf8            |
| character_sets_dir    | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
-------------------------- ---------------------------- 
mysql>system cat /etc/my.cnf | grep default  #客户端设置字符集client下面 
default-character-set=gbk
mysql>show variables like '%character_set%';
-------------------------- ---------------------------- 
| variable_name      | value           |
-------------------------- ---------------------------- 
| character_set_client   | gbk            |
| character_set_connection | gbk            |
| character_set_database  | latin1           |
| character_set_filesystem | binary           |
| character_set_results  | gbk            |
| character_set_server   | latin1           |
| character_set_system   | utf8            |
| character_sets_dir    | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
-------------------------- ---------------------------- 
mysql> system cat /etc/my.cnf|grep character-set-server  #客户端设置字符集mysqld下面 
character-set-server = cp1250 
mysql> show variables like '%character_set%';
-------------------------- -------------------------------------------- 
| variable_name      | value                   |
-------------------------- -------------------------------------------- 
| character_set_client   | utf8                    |
| character_set_connection | utf8                    |
| character_set_database  | cp1250                   |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                   |
| character_set_results  | utf8                    |
| character_set_server   | cp1250                   |
| character_set_system   | utf8                    |
| character_sets_dir    | /byrd/service/mysql/5.6.26/share/charsets/ |
-------------------------- -------------------------------------------- 
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

其他的一些设置方法：

修改数据库的字符集

  mysql>use mydb
  mysql>alter database mydb character set utf-8;

创建数据库指定数据库的字符集

  mysql>create database mydb character set utf-8;

通过配置文件修改:

修改/var/lib/mysql/mydb/db.opt

default-character-set=latin1
default-collation=latin1_swedish_ci

为

default-character-set=utf8
default-collation=utf8_general_ci

重起mysql:

[root@bogon ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart

通过mysql命令行修改:

mysql> set character_set_client=utf8;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_connection=utf8;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_database=utf8;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_results=utf8;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_server=utf8;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_system=utf8;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> set collation_connection=utf8;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> set collation_database=utf8;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> set collation_server=utf8;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

查看:

mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';
-------------------------- ---------------------------- 
| variable_name       | value            |
-------------------------- ---------------------------- 
| character_set_client   | utf8            |
| character_set_connection | utf8            |
| character_set_database  | utf8            |
| character_set_filesystem | binary           |
| character_set_results   | utf8            |
| character_set_server   | utf8            |
| character_set_system   | utf8            |
| character_sets_dir    | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
-------------------------- ---------------------------- 
8 rows in set (0.03 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'collation_%';
---------------------- ----------------- 
| variable_name     | value      |
---------------------- ----------------- 
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database  | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server   | utf8_general_ci |
---------------------- ----------------- 
3 rows in set (0.04 sec)

总结

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