简析mysql字符集导致恢复数据库报错问题
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2022-08-30 19:44:27
mysql字符集编码错误的导入数据会提示错误了，这个和插入数据一样如果保存的数据与mysql编码不一样那么肯定会出现导入乱码或插入数据丢失的问题，下面我们一起来看一个例子。...
mysql字符集编码错误的导入数据会提示错误了，这个和插入数据一样如果保存的数据与mysql编码不一样那么肯定会出现导入乱码或插入数据丢失的问题，下面我们一起来看一个例子。
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恢复数据库报错：由于字符集问题，最原始的数据库默认编码是latin1，新备份的数据库的编码是utf8，因此导致恢复错误。
[root@hk byrd]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p'admin' t4x < /tmp/11x-b-2014-06-18.sql error 1064 (42000) at line 292: you have an error in your sql syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your mysql server version for the right syntax to use near ''[caption id=\"attachment_271\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"ht' at line 1
修复方法(未实测)：
[root@test ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p'admin' --default-character-set=latin1 t4x < /tmp/11x-b-2014-06-18.sql mysql -- mysql dump 10.13 distrib 5.5.37, for linux (x86_64) -- -- host: localhost database: t4x -- ------------------------------------------------------ -- server version 5.5.37-log /*!40101 set @old_character_set_client=@@character_set_client */; /*!40101 set @old_character_set_results=@@character_set_results */; /*!40101 set @old_collation_connection=@@collation_connection */; /*!40101 set names utf8 */; /*!40103 set @old_time_zone=@@time_zone */; /*!40103 set time_zone=' 00:00' */; /*!40014 set @old_unique_checks=@@unique_checks, unique_checks=0 */; /*!40014 set @old_foreign_key_checks=@@foreign_key_checks, foreign_key_checks=0 */; /*!40101 set @old_sql_mode=@@sql_mode, sql_mode='no_auto_value_on_zero' */; /*!40111 set @old_sql_notes=@@sql_notes, sql_notes=0 */; -- -- current database: `t4x` -- create database /*!32312 if not exists*/ `t4x` /*!40100 default character set utf8 */; -- -- table structure for table `wp_baidusubmit_sitemap` -- drop table if exists `wp_baidusubmit_sitemap`; /*!40101 set @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */; /*!40101 set character_set_client = utf8 */; create table `wp_baidusubmit_sitemap` ( `sid` int(11) not null auto_increment, `url` varchar(255) not null default '', `type` tinyint(4) not null, `create_time` int(10) not null default '0', `start` int(11) default '0', `end` int(11) default '0', `item_count` int(10) unsigned default '0', `file_size` int(10) unsigned default '0', `lost_time` int(10) unsigned default '0', primary key (`sid`), key `start` (`start`), key `end` (`end`) ) engine=myisam auto_increment=84 default charset=utf8; /*!40101 set character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */; 0 1 [root@hk byrd]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p'admin' t4x < /tmp/t4x-b-2014-06-17.sql error 1064 (42000) at line 295: you have an error in your sql syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your mysql server version for the right syntax to use near ''i' at line 1
mysql
-- mysql dump 10.11 -- -- host: localhost database: t4x -- ------------------------------------------------------ -- server version 5.0.95-log /*!40101 set @old_character_set_client=@@character_set_client */; /*!40101 set @old_character_set_results=@@character_set_results */; /*!40101 set @old_collation_connection=@@collation_connection */; /*!40101 set names utf8 */; /*!40103 set @old_time_zone=@@time_zone */; /*!40103 set time_zone=' 00:00' */; /*!40014 set @old_unique_checks=@@unique_checks, unique_checks=0 */; /*!40014 set @old_foreign_key_checks=@@foreign_key_checks, foreign_key_checks=0 */; /*!40101 set @old_sql_mode=@@sql_mode, sql_mode='no_auto_value_on_zero' */; /*!40111 set @old_sql_notes=@@sql_notes, sql_notes=0 */; -- -- current database: `t4x` -- create database /*!32312 if not exists*/ `t4x` /*!40100 default character set latin1 */; use `t4x`; -- -- table structure for table `wp_baidusubmit_sitemap` -- drop table if exists `wp_baidusubmit_sitemap`; /*!40101 set @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */; /*!40101 set character_set_client = utf8 */; create table `wp_baidusubmit_sitemap` ( `sid` int(11) not null auto_increment, `url` varchar(255) not null default '', `type` tinyint(4) not null, `create_time` int(10) not null default '0', `start` int(11) default '0', `end` int(11) default '0', `item_count` int(10) unsigned default '0', `file_size` int(10) unsigned default '0', `lost_time` int(10) unsigned default '0', primary key (`sid`), key `start` (`start`), key `end` (`end`) ) engine=myisam auto_increment=83 default charset=utf8; /*!40101 set character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
字符集相关：
mysql
mysql>show variables like '%character_set%'; -------------------------- ---------------------------- | variable_name | value | -------------------------- ---------------------------- | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | latin1 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | -------------------------- ---------------------------- mysql>set names gbk; mysql>show variables like '%character_set%'; -------------------------- ---------------------------- | variable_name | value | -------------------------- ---------------------------- | character_set_client | gbk | | character_set_connection | gbk | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | gbk | | character_set_server | latin1 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | -------------------------- ---------------------------- mysql>system cat /etc/my.cnf | grep default #客户端设置字符集client下面 default-character-set=gbk mysql>show variables like '%character_set%'; -------------------------- ---------------------------- | variable_name | value | -------------------------- ---------------------------- | character_set_client | gbk | | character_set_connection | gbk | | character_set_database | latin1 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | gbk | | character_set_server | latin1 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | -------------------------- ---------------------------- mysql> system cat /etc/my.cnf|grep character-set-server #客户端设置字符集mysqld下面 character-set-server = cp1250 mysql> show variables like '%character_set%'; -------------------------- -------------------------------------------- | variable_name | value | -------------------------- -------------------------------------------- | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | cp1250 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | cp1250 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /byrd/service/mysql/5.6.26/share/charsets/ | -------------------------- -------------------------------------------- 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
其他的一些设置方法：
修改数据库的字符集
mysql>use mydb mysql>alter database mydb character set utf-8;
创建数据库指定数据库的字符集
mysql>create database mydb character set utf-8;
通过配置文件修改:
修改/var/lib/mysql/mydb/db.opt
default-character-set=latin1 default-collation=latin1_swedish_ci
为
default-character-set=utf8 default-collation=utf8_general_ci
重起mysql:
[root@bogon ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart
通过mysql命令行修改:
mysql> set character_set_client=utf8; query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set character_set_connection=utf8; query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set character_set_database=utf8; query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set character_set_results=utf8; query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set character_set_server=utf8; query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set character_set_system=utf8; query ok, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> set collation_connection=utf8; query ok, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> set collation_database=utf8; query ok, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> set collation_server=utf8; query ok, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
查看:
mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%'; -------------------------- ---------------------------- | variable_name | value | -------------------------- ---------------------------- | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | -------------------------- ---------------------------- 8 rows in set (0.03 sec) mysql> show variables like 'collation_%'; ---------------------- ----------------- | variable_name | value | ---------------------- ----------------- | collation_connection | utf8_general_ci | | collation_database | utf8_general_ci | | collation_server | utf8_general_ci | ---------------------- ----------------- 3 rows in set (0.04 sec)
总结
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