Linux下配置Django_Apache_Mysql环境（CentOS 7.5）

 

本文将介绍如何在linux上部署django + mysql + apache环境。我们知道，django内置的http服务器只能工作在单线程下，做开发和调试时候是可以的，但是生产环境通常都会有多用户并发，而且django的simple http server处理大量静态文件的性能太差，所以要用apache做前端。django自带的sqlite数据库权限只依赖于文件系统，没有用户帐户的概念，这里我们使用典型的关系型数据库mysql。看似简单的环境搭建，在实际操作过程中还是遇到了不少的大坑，所以特地将过程记录下来，也希望对大家有小小的帮助。

centos 7.5  +  python 2.7.5  + django 1.11.14  +  apache 2.4.6  +  mysql 5.7.23

 

1. 安装django

linux上我们可以直接使用pip安装django

 

1.1  安装python（使用centos 7.5自带的python即可）

[root@localhost ~]# python --version
python 2.7.5

 

1.2  网上下载get-pip.py文件安装pip：

wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py

 

1.3  pip安装django

[root@localhost ~]# pip install django
[root@localhost ~]# python
python 2.7.5 (default, jul 13 2018, 13:06:57)
[gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (red hat 4.8.5-28)] on linux2
type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import django
>>> django.get_version()
'1.11.14'

 

2. 安装apache

linux上使用yum安装apache即可

[root@localhost ~]# yum install httpd
[root@localhost ~]# httpd -v
[thu aug 16 20:57:04.487586 2018] [so:warn] [pid 1605] ah01574: module wsgi_module is already loaded, skipping
server version: apache/2.4.6 (centos)
server built:   jun 27 2018 13:48:59
server's module magic number: 20120211:24
server loaded:  apr 1.4.8, apr-util 1.5.2
compiled using: apr 1.4.8, apr-util 1.5.2
architecture:   64-bit
server mpm:     prefork
  threaded:     no
    forked:     yes (variable process count)

注意：使用yum安装的httpd，其安装目录位于/etc/httpd/，我们只需要配置/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf即可

 

3. 安装mysql

我们使用yum安装mysql，需要先更新yum源

 

[root@localhost ~]# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# yum install mysql-community-server

 

注意：yum安装的mysql其文件目录如下

• 配置文件：/etc/my.cnf
• 日志文件：/var/log/var/log/mysqld.log
• 服务启动脚本：/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
• socket文件：/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

 

4. 配置（重点）

以上三步都非常容易，但是将这三个环境配置好，还是费了我不少的时间...

4.1  配置mysql

 

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld
# 开启mysql服务后，会为root设置一个默认密码，我们首先重置密码
# 获得默认密码
[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep -i password
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
enter password:
welcome to the mysql monitor.  commands end with ; or \g.
your mysql connection id is 8
server version: 5.7.23 mysql community server (gpl)

mysql>alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'sam_tech_0912';

# 重置密码后，我们创建一个数据库，因为后续django连接mysql时需要输入数据库名称
mysql> create database platform default charset=utf8;
query ok, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> quit
bye

 

4.2  django中配置mysql

 

django中关于mysql的配置：

databases = {
    'default': {
        # 'engine': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        # 'name': os.path.join(base_dir, 'db.sqlite3'),
        'engine': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'name': 'platform',
        'host': '127.0.0.1',
        'port': '3306',
        'user': 'root',
        'password': 'sam_tech_0912',
    }
}

 

django中其他的部分的配置：

debug = true

allowed_hosts = ["*",]

templates = [
    {
        'backend': 'django.template.backends.django.djangotemplates',
        'dirs': [os.path.join(base_dir, "templates"),],
        'app_dirs': true,
        'options': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

language_code = 'zh-hans'

time_zone = 'asia/shanghai'

use_i18n = true

use_l10n = true

use_tz = true

static_url = '/static/'
staticfiles_dirs = [
    os.path.join(base_dir, "static"),
]

media_url = "/media/"
media_root = os.path.join(base_dir, "media")

 

4.3  配置apache

 

重点：安装mod_wsgi

[root@localhost ~]# yum install mod_wsgi
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep wsgi
mod_wsgi-3.4-12.el7_0.x86_64

 

编辑配置文件 /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

serverroot "/etc/httpd"

# 设定apache监听的端口号，可以设定多个
listen 80

# 重点：这句是加载刚刚安装的wsgi模块，有了它django才能部署到apache上，切记！！！
loadmodule wsgi_module modules/mod_wsgi.so


include conf.modules.d/*.conf

user apache
group apache

serveradmin root@localhost

servername localhost:80

<directory />
    allowoverride none
    require all denied
</directory>

    documentroot "/var/www/html"

<directory "/var/www">
    allowoverride none
    require all granted
</directory>

<directory "/var/www/html">
    options indexes followsymlinks

    allowoverride none

    require all granted
</directory>

<ifmodule dir_module>
    directoryindex index.html
</ifmodule>

<files ".ht*">
    require all denied
</files>

errorlog "logs/error_log"

loglevel warn

<ifmodule log_config_module>
    logformat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{referer}i\" \"%{user-agent}i\"" combined
    logformat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common

    <ifmodule logio_module>
      logformat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{referer}i\" \"%{user-agent}i\" %i %o" combinedio
    </ifmodule>

    customlog "logs/access_log" combined
</ifmodule>

<ifmodule alias_module>

    scriptalias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/"

</ifmodule>

<directory "/var/www/cgi-bin">
    allowoverride none
    options none
    require all granted
</directory>

<ifmodule mime_module>
    typesconfig /etc/mime.types

    addtype application/x-compress .z
    addtype application/x-gzip .gz .tgz



    addtype text/html .shtml
    addoutputfilter includes .shtml
</ifmodule>

adddefaultcharset utf-8

<ifmodule mime_magic_module>
    mimemagicfile conf/magic
</ifmodule>


enablesendfile on

includeoptional conf.d/*.conf

# 我们在/etc/httpd/conf/下新建httpd-vhosts.conf虚拟主机配置文件，完成对80端口的配置
# 这句是告诉apache去调用httpd-vhosts.conf
# 虚拟主机中的配置参数将覆盖httpd.conf主配置文件中的设定
include conf/httpd-vhosts.conf

 

虚拟主机配置文件（关键一步）

<virtualhost *:80>
    serveradmin [e-mail]
    documentroot "/home/python_projects/platform"
    servername samlinux01-platform.com
    serveralias sam-platform.com
    errorlog "logs/platform_error.log"
    customlog "logs/platform_access.log" common


    wsgiscriptalias / "/home/python_projects/platform/platform/wsgi.py"
    # 一定要定义python-path到项目目录，否则会报出相关模块无法找到的错误，切记！！！
    wsgidaemonprocess samlinux01-platform.com python-path=/home/python_projects/platform
    wsgiprocessgroup samlinux01-platform.com
    wsgiscriptreloading on
    
    # 设定apache访问django的项目目录

    alias /static /home/python_projects/platform/static
    alias /media /home/python_projects/platform/media

    <directory /home/python_projects/platform/media>
        allowoverride none
        options indexes followsymlinks
        require all granted
    </directory>
    <directory /home/python_projects/platform/static>
        allowoverride none
        options indexes followsymlinks
        require all granted
    </directory>
    <directory /home/python_projects/platform/platform>
        <files wsgi.py>
            allowoverride none
            require all granted
        </files>
    </directory>
</virtualhost>

注意：每次编辑完成后都需要重启httpd服务使配置生效

[root@localhost ~]# httpd -t
[thu aug 16 20:35:06.439115 2018] [so:warn] [pid 1520] ah01574: module wsgi_module is already loaded, skipping
syntax ok
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd.service

 

编辑django中的 wsgi.py文件

"""
wsgi config for platform project.

it exposes the wsgi callable as a module-level variable named ``application``.

for more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/deployment/wsgi/
"""

import os

from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application

os.environ.setdefault("django_settings_module", "platform.settings")

application = get_wsgi_application()

# 添加项目路径到python的环境变量中
# for apache server
import sys
project_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
sys.path.insert(0, project_dir)

 

至此，大功告成，我们直接可以通过80端口访问我们的项目，虽然上面的步骤简单，但是网上查的资料并没有特别详细完整的，中间还是走了不少的弯路，所以特意将配置步骤记录下来，方便后续再次配置！