Python的GUI编程（十二）Toplevel（顶层）

Tkinter Toplevel：顶层部件的工作，直接由窗口管理器管理的窗口。他们不必在它们上面的父widget

 

顶层部件的工作，直接由窗口管理器管理的窗口。他们不必在它们上面的父widget.

你的应用程序可以使用任意数量的顶层窗口.

语法:

这里是一个简单的语法来创建这个widget:

w = Toplevel ( option, ... )

参数:

• options: 下面是这个小工具最常用的选项列表。这些选项可以作为键 - 值对以逗号分隔.

Option	Description
bg	The background color of the window.
bd	Border width in pixels; default is 0.
cursor	The cursor that appears when the mouse is in this window.
class_	Normally, text selected within a text widget is exported to be the selection in the window manager. Set exportselection=0 if you don't want that behavior.
font	The default font for text inserted into the widget.
fg	The color used for text (and bitmaps) within the widget. You can change the color for tagged regions; this option is just the default.
height	Window height.
relief	Normally, a top-level window will have no 3-d borders around it. To get a shaded border, set the bd option larger that its default value of zero, and set the relief option to one of the constants.
width	The desired width of the window.

方法:

量表的对象有这些方法:

Methods & Description

deiconify() Displays the window, after using either the iconify or the withdraw methods.

frame() Returns a system-specific window identifier.

group(window) Adds the window to the window group administered by the given window.

iconify() Turns the window into an icon, without destroying it.

protocol(name, function) Registers a function as a callback which will be called for the given protocol.

iconify() Turns the window into an icon, without destroying it.

state() Returns the current state of the window. Possible values are normal, iconic, withdrawn, and icon.

transient([master]) Turns the window into a temporary(transient) window for the given master, or to the window's parent, when no argument is given.

withdraw() Removes the window from the screen, without destroying it.

maxsize(width, height) Defines the maximum size for this window.

minsize(width, height) Defines the minimum size for this window.

positionfrom(who) Defines the position controller.

resizable(width, height) Defines the resize flags, which control whether the window can be resized.

sizefrom(who)                 Defines the size controller.

title(string)                        Defines the window title.

以上来源：http://www.cnblogs.com/tkinter/p/5628832.html

创建简单的Toplevel

from Tkinter import *
root = Tk()
tl = Toplevel()
#为了区别root和tl，我们向tl中添加了一个Label
Label(tl,text = 'hello label').pack()
root.mainloop()

运行结果生成了两个窗体，一个是root启动的，另一个则是Toplevel创建的，它包含有一个label;关闭tl
则没有退出程序，Tk仍旧工作；若关闭Tk，整个Tk结束tl也结束，它不能单独存在。

虽然在上面tl与root没有相互作用，但是必须要有root对象

使用Toplevel自己制作提示框

from Tkinter import *
root = Tk()
mbYes,mbYesNo,mbYesNoCancel,mbYesNoAbort = 0,1,2,4
#定义一个消息对话框，依据传入的参数不同，弹出不同的提示信息
def MessageBox(): #没有使用参数
    mbType = mbYesNo
    textShow = 'Yes'
    if mbType == mbYes:
        textShow = 'Yes'
    elif mbType == mbYesNo:
        textShow = 'YesNo'
    elif mbType == mbYesNoCancel:
        textShow = 'YesNoCancel'
    elif mbType == mbYesNoAbort:
        textShow = 'YesNoAbort'
    tl = Toplevel(height = 200,width = 400)
    Label(tl,text = textShow).pack()
#由Button来启动这个消息框，因为它使用了空的回调函数，故MessageBox改为了无参数形式，使用了固定
#值mbYesNo
Button(root,text = 'press',command = MessageBox).pack()
root.mainloop()