Python自动化Selenium单元测试page object设计模式框架设计流程

本文章将Selenium单元测试page object设计模式框架表述完整流程

本章来测试,github登录小功能

设计架构:

目录结构:

代码流程描述:

1. 创建AutoTest_project 主目录

2. 创建driver 目录

实现功能 设计启动浏览器驱动方法

1 导入启动浏览器驱动(我用的是chromedriver).
创建 driver.py

from selenium import webdriver
# 在无头浏览器中使用
# from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options

def browser():
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(
            executable_path='/home/lbc/PycharmProjects/new_system/simplicity/util/AutoTest_project/driver/chromedriver'
        )
    # driver = webdriver.PhantomJS()
    # driver = webdriver.Firefox()

    # driver.get("http://www.baidu.com")


    return driver
if __name__ == '__main__':
    browser()

# chrome 无头浏览器
# chrome_options = Options()
# chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
# driver = webdriver.Chrome(
#     executable_path='/home/lbc/PycharmProjects/new_system/simplicity/util/AutoTest_project/driver/chromedriver'
#     , chrome_options=chrome_options
# )
# 打印页面源码
# print(driver.page_source)

3. 创建Website 目录

实现功能 目录包含 test_case目录,test_report目录
test_case目录功能: 包含 model目录,page_object目录
test_login: 测试登录用例 设计登录方式 调用各类模块 截图 存报告 发邮箱
run_test.py: 执行test_login:.py用例
model目录:
function.py: 测试快照截图,检测时间为最新的报告文件,邮箱自动发送:发送内容及附件文件
myunit.py: unittest方法的起始执行 结束执行
test_send_png.py: 自行创建 为了设计测试快照截图文件的发送位置 而进行的测试文件(与主文件无关)
page_object目录:
BasePage.py: page_object设计模式从调用 driver目录 启动chromedriver驱动 发送链接
效验链接 打开浏览器 执行元素选中
Login_Page.py: 继承BasePage.py方法 设置子链接 封装定位器设计元素名字 清理元素框内容并输入内容的一类封装方法 方便后期调用 效验登录模块 成功后的两值是否相同
test_report目录: 包含测试报告文件 screenshot截图文件目录

4. 创建test_case 目录

创建 model 目录

创建 function.py

from selenium import webdriver
import os

import smtplib  # 发送邮件模块
from email.mime.text import MIMEText  # 定义邮件内容
from email.header import Header  # 定义邮件标题
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart # 附件文件

# 截图
def insert_img(driver,filename):
    # 获取模块当前路径
    func_path = os.path.dirname(__file__)
    # print(func_path)

    # 获取上一级目录
    base_dir = os.path.dirname(func_path)
    # 转为字符串
    base_dir = str(base_dir)

    # 如果是windows系统路径就解开 windos系统 \\转义 /
    # base_dir = base_dir.replace('\\','/')

    # 分割为 /home/lbc/PycharmProjects/new_system/simplicity/util/AutoTest_project
    base = base_dir.split("/Website")[0]
    # 进行拼接 绝对路径
    # /home/lbc/PycharmProjects/new_system/simplicity/util/AutoTest_project + /Website/test_report/screenshot + 图片名称.png
    filepath = base + "/Website/test_report/screenshot/" + filename
    # 进行截图
    driver.get_screenshot_as_file(filepath)



# 找出最新时间报告文件
def latest_report(report_dir):
    lists = os.listdir(report_dir)

    # 按时间顺序对该目录文件夹下面的文件进行排序
    lists.sort(key=lambda fn: os.path.getatime(report_dir + '/' + fn))

    file = os.path.join(report_dir, lists[-1])
    # print(file[12:])
    return file

# 邮箱发送
def send_mail(latest_report):
    f = open(latest_report,'rb')
    mail_content = f.read()
    # print(latest_report.file)
    # print(mail_content)
    f.close()
    # 发送邮件

    # 发送邮箱服务器
    smtpserver = "smtp.qq.com"

    # 发送邮箱用户名密码
    user = "[e-mail]"
    # 你的smtp授权码
    password = "*****"

    # 发送和接收邮箱
    sender = "[e-mail]"
    receive = "[e-mail]"
    # 多用户发送
    # receive = ["[e-mail]","[e-mail]"]

    # 发送邮件主题内容
    subject = "自动化测试报告"
    # 构造附件内容
    # 发送测试报告html文件
    send_file = open(latest_report, 'rb').read()
    att = MIMEText(send_file, 'base64', 'utf-8')
    att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
    att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment;filename="{}"'.format(latest_report[90:])
	
	# 发送截图快照文件
    root_path = '/home/lbc/PycharmProjects/new_system/simplicity/util/AutoTest_project/Website/test_report/screenshot/'
    list_path = os.listdir(root_path)
    # print(list_path)
    wbc = []
    for names in enumerate(list_path):
        # print(names)
        pic_names = '/home/lbc/PycharmProjects/new_system/simplicity/util/AutoTest_project/Website/test_report/screenshot/{}' \
            .format(names[1])

        send_file2 = open(pic_names, 'rb').read()
        att2 = MIMEText(send_file2, 'base64', 'utf-8')
        att2["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
        att2["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment;filename="{}"'.format(pic_names[101:])
        wbc.append(att2)



    msgRoot = MIMEMultipart()
    msgRoot.attach(MIMEText(mail_content, 'html', 'utf-8'))
    msgRoot['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
    msgRoot['From'] = "[e-mail]"
    msgRoot['To'] = receive
    # 生成的 快照截图文件
    msgRoot.attach(att)
    # 遍历 生成的多个图片
    for atts2 in wbc:
        msgRoot.attach(atts2)


    # SSL协议端口号使用456
    smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtpserver, 465)

    # 向服务器标识用户身份
    smtp.helo(smtpserver)
    # 服务器返回结果确认
    smtp.ehlo(smtpserver)
    # 登录邮箱账户密码
    smtp.login(user, password)

    print('开始发送邮件')

    smtp.sendmail(sender, receive, msgRoot.as_string())
    smtp.quit()
    print('邮件发送完成')

# if __name__ == '__main__':
#     driver = webdriver.Chrome(
#         executable_path='./chromedriver',
#     )
#     driver.get("http://www.baidu.com")
#     insert_img(driver,'baidu.png')
#     driver.quit()

创建 myunit.py

import unittest
from driver import *

class StartEnd(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = browser()
        print('开始执行')
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(3)
        self.driver.maximize_window()

    def tearDown(self):
        self.driver.quit()
        print('结束执行')

创建 test_send_png.py(测试文件,生成快照截图路径,与主体项目无关)

import os

root_path = '/home/lbc/PycharmProjects/new_system/simplicity/util/AutoTest_project/Website/test_report/screenshot/'
list_path = os.listdir(root_path)
# print(list_path)

for names in enumerate(list_path):
    # print(names)
    pic_names = '/home/lbc/PycharmProjects/new_system/simplicity/util/AutoTest_project/Website/test_report/screenshot/{}'\
        .format(names[1])
    print(pic_names)
    # print(len('/home/lbc/PycharmProjects/new_system/simplicity/util/AutoTest_project/Website/test_report/screenshot/'))
    abc = open(pic_names,'rb').read()
    print(abc)

创建 page_object 目录

创建 BasePage.py

# 设置初始化 传入地址 并比对地址
# 打开指定地址 进行元素检查
from time import sleep

class Page():
    def __init__(self,driver):
        self.driver = driver
        self.base_url = 'https://github.com'
        self.timeout = 5

    def _open(self,url):
        url_ = self.base_url + url
        print('Test page is {}'.format(url_))
        self.driver.maximize_window()
        self.driver.get(url_)
        sleep(2)
        assert self.driver.current_url == url_ ,'Did not land on {}'.format(url_)

    def open(self):
        self._open(self.url)
    def find_element(self,*loc):
        return self.driver.find_element(*loc)

创建 LoginPage.py

# 调用BasePage下的Page类 传入url
# 选择元素进行定位
from Website.test_case.page_object.BasePage import *
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

class LoginPage(Page):
    # 首页登录页面
    url = '/login'

    # 定位器
    username_loc = (By.NAME,'login')
    password_loc = (By.NAME,'password')
    submit_loc = (By.NAME,'commit')


    # 检查清理元素选择框里的内容
    # 用户输入框元素
    def type_username(self,username):
        self.find_element(*self.username_loc).clear()
        self.find_element(*self.username_loc).send_keys(username)

    # 用户输入框元素
    def type_password(self, password):
        self.find_element(*self.password_loc).clear()
        self.find_element(*self.password_loc).send_keys(password)

    # 登录按钮元素
    def type_submit(self):
        self.find_element(*self.submit_loc).click()


    def Login_action(self,username,password):
        self.open()
        self.type_username(username)
        self.type_password(password)
        self.type_submit()

    loginPass_loc = (By.LINK_TEXT,'Pull requests')
    loginFail_loc = (By.NAME,'login')

    def type_loginPass_hint(self):
        return self.find_element(*self.loginPass_loc).text

    def type_loginFail_hint(self):
        return self.find_element(*self.loginFail_loc).text

创建 测试用例,及执行测试用例方法文件

创建 test_login.py

import unittest
from test_case.model import function,myunit
# from test_case.page_object.BasePage import *
from test_case.page_object.LoginPage import *

from time import sleep

class LoginTest(myunit.StartEnd):
	# 执行正确的方法
    def test_login1_normal(self):
        """username and password is normal"""
        print("test_login1_normal is start test...")

        po = LoginPage(self.driver)
        po.Login_action('[e-mail]','123456')
        sleep(2)
        self.assertEqual(po.type_loginPass_hint(),'Pull requests')
        function.insert_img(self.driver,"test_login1_normal.png")

        print("test login end!!!")

	# 帐号输入正确 密码输入错误
    # @unittest.skip("跳过当前")
    def test_login2_PasswdError(self):
        """username is ok password is error"""
        print("test_login2_PasswdError is start test...")

        po = LoginPage(self.driver)
        po.Login_action('[e-mail]', 'g1346')
        sleep(2)
        self.assertEqual(po.type_loginFail_hint(), '')
        function.insert_img(self.driver, "test_login2_PasswdError.png")

        print("test login end!!!")
	# 帐号密码都为空
    def test_login3_empty(self):
        """username and password is empty"""
        print("test_login3_empty is start test...")

        po = LoginPage(self.driver)
        po.Login_action('', '')
        sleep(2)
        self.assertEqual(po.type_loginFail_hint(), '')
        function.insert_img(self.driver, "test_login3_empty.png")

        print("test login end!!!")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

创建 run_test.py

import unittest
from Website.test_case.model.function import *
from BSTestRunner import BSTestRunner
import time

# 执行test*py 用例方法 
test_dir = './'
discover = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(test_dir, pattern='test*py')
# runner = unittest.TextTestRunner()
# runner.run(discover)

report_dir = '/home/lbc/PycharmProjects/new_system/simplicity/util/AutoTest_project/Website/test_report'
now = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H_%M_%S")
report_name = report_dir + '/' + now +'result.html'

# 生成测试报告
with open(report_name,'wb') as f:
    runner = BSTestRunner(stream=f,title="test Report",description="Test case result")
    runner.run(discover)
    f.close()
# 传递report_dir路径交给 function.py下的latest_report方法 找出最新时间测试报告 并返回 测试报告路径
latest_report = latest_report(report_dir)
# 阅读latest_report路径 打开内容 并将主题 内容 最新测试报告 快照截图文件发送到指定邮箱
send_mail(latest_report)

4. 创建test_report 目录

这个目录负责存储 测试数据 测试报告 快照截图

找到 run_test.py 运行整套项目

邮箱结果

大功告成!!!