如何使用Mock修改Android设备上的features
背景
手工测试过程中有个测试场景需要删除测试设备上某个android feature,往上搜索了一圈没找到有效的操作方法。获取android设备所有的feature可以通过adb命令pm list features或者android代码context.getpackagemanager().getsystemavailablefeatures(),但都没有对应的修改方法。
既然feature是从context获取的,那能不能构造一个只包含我想要的feature的context呢。顺着这个思路,有了下面的方案。
方案设计
单元测试常用的mock技术,就是来构造假/模拟对象的。但如果完全构造,又担心和真实环境差别较大,测试结果不可靠。能不能从真实android设备中获取真实的context,把不想要的feature去除,再给到被测试方法中呢?
答案是肯定的,通过选用流行的mock组件mockito ,官网上给出了下面2种mock java对象的方式:
-
mock()
/@mock
: create mock -
spy()
/@spy
: partial mocking, real methods are invoked but still can be verified and stubbed
可以看到spy这种mock方式可完美地解决我的需求。
实现(简化版需求)
业务需求说明
获取所有android features并把feature name打印在日志中,使用adb命令的效果如下:
业务需求代码实现
测试代码实现(去除bluetooth feature)
运行测试代码后logcat输出
可以看到bluetooth相关的feature已经没有了
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.sensor.proximity
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.sensor.accelerometer
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.faketouch
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.usb.accessory
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.telephony.cdma
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.backup
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.touchscreen
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.touchscreen.multitouch
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.print
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.activities_on_secondary_displays
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.voice_recognizers
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.picture_in_picture
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.opengles.aep
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.camera.autofocus
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.telephony.gsm
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.sip.voip
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.usb.host
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.audio.output
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.verified_boot
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.camera.flash
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.camera.front
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.screen.portrait
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.microphone
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.autofill
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.securely_removes_users
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.sensor.compass
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.touchscreen.multitouch.jazzhand
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.app_widgets
2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.input_methods
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.sensor.light
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.vulkan.version
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.companion_device_setup
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.device_admin
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.camera
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.screen.landscape
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.ram.normal
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.managed_users
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.webview
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.sensor.stepcounter
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.camera.capability.manual_post_processing
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.camera.any
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.camera.capability.raw
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.vulkan.compute
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.connectionservice
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.touchscreen.multitouch.distinct
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.location.network
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.cts
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.sip
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.camera.capability.manual_sensor
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.camera.level.full
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.wifi.direct
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.live_wallpaper
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.location.gps
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.midi
2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.nfc.any
2021-04-07 13:23:39.268 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.wifi
2021-04-07 13:23:39.268 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.location
2021-04-07 13:23:39.268 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.vulkan.level
2021-04-07 13:23:39.268 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.telephony
2021-04-07 13:23:39.268 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.file_based_encryption
2021-04-07 13:23:39.269 16238-16268/? i/testrunner: finished: getfeatures(com.aniu.featuresmock.featuresutiltest)
总结
- 不直接使用mock,而是使用spy,最大限度保持测试环境真实可靠,从而保证测试效果
- 测试代码不要放在test目录,要放在androidtest目录,保证在真实设备上跑(不然代码也会报错)。目录结构如下:
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