如何使用Mock修改Android设备上的features

背景

手工测试过程中有个测试场景需要删除测试设备上某个android feature，往上搜索了一圈没找到有效的操作方法。获取android设备所有的feature可以通过adb命令pm list features或者android代码context.getpackagemanager().getsystemavailablefeatures()，但都没有对应的修改方法。

既然feature是从context获取的，那能不能构造一个只包含我想要的feature的context呢。顺着这个思路，有了下面的方案。

方案设计

单元测试常用的mock技术，就是来构造假/模拟对象的。但如果完全构造，又担心和真实环境差别较大，测试结果不可靠。能不能从真实android设备中获取真实的context，把不想要的feature去除，再给到被测试方法中呢？

答案是肯定的，通过选用流行的mock组件mockito ，官网上给出了下面2种mock java对象的方式：

1. mock()/@mock: create mock
2. spy()/@spy: partial mocking, real methods are invoked but still can be verified and stubbed

可以看到spy这种mock方式可完美地解决我的需求。

实现（简化版需求）

业务需求说明

获取所有android features并把feature name打印在日志中，使用adb命令的效果如下：

业务需求代码实现

测试代码实现(去除bluetooth feature)

运行测试代码后logcat输出

可以看到bluetooth相关的feature已经没有了

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.sensor.proximity

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.sensor.accelerometer

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.faketouch

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.usb.accessory

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.telephony.cdma

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.backup

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.touchscreen

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.touchscreen.multitouch

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.print

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.activities_on_secondary_displays

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.voice_recognizers

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.picture_in_picture

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.opengles.aep

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.camera.autofocus

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.telephony.gsm

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.sip.voip

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.usb.host

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.audio.output

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.verified_boot

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.camera.flash

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.camera.front

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.screen.portrait

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.microphone

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.autofill

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.securely_removes_users

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.sensor.compass

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.touchscreen.multitouch.jazzhand

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.app_widgets

2021-04-07 13:23:39.266 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.input_methods

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.sensor.light

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.vulkan.version

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.companion_device_setup

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.device_admin

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.camera

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.screen.landscape

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.ram.normal

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.managed_users

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.webview

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.sensor.stepcounter

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.camera.capability.manual_post_processing

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.camera.any

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.camera.capability.raw

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.vulkan.compute

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.connectionservice

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.touchscreen.multitouch.distinct

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.location.network

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.cts

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.sip

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.camera.capability.manual_sensor

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.camera.level.full

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.wifi.direct

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.live_wallpaper

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.location.gps

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.midi

2021-04-07 13:23:39.267 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.nfc.any

2021-04-07 13:23:39.268 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.wifi

2021-04-07 13:23:39.268 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.location

2021-04-07 13:23:39.268 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.vulkan.level

2021-04-07 13:23:39.268 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.hardware.telephony

2021-04-07 13:23:39.268 16238-16268/? i/featuresutil: feature: android.software.file_based_encryption

2021-04-07 13:23:39.269 16238-16268/? i/testrunner: finished: getfeatures(com.aniu.featuresmock.featuresutiltest)

总结

• 不直接使用mock，而是使用spy，最大限度保持测试环境真实可靠，从而保证测试效果
• 测试代码不要放在test目录，要放在androidtest目录，保证在真实设备上跑（不然代码也会报错）。目录结构如下：

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