Linux(Ubuntu 18.04)上安装Anaconda步骤详解

anaconda是最受欢迎的python数据科学和机器学习平台，用于大规模数据处理，预测分析和科学计算。anaconda发行版附带了1,000多个数据包，conda命令行工具和anaconda navigator的桌面图形用户界面。

本教程将指导您完成在ubuntu 18.04上下载和安装anaconda python distribution。

下载anaconda

在撰写本文时，anaconda的最新稳定版本是5.3版本。

请选择 64-bit (x86) installer 进行下载链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1rna9d8gaghuie0ao_l5aqa 提取码: uecd  。尽量不要用python2.7，很多库已经不提供python2.7支持。

点击链接就会进行下载，同时会弹出信息收集框，直接关闭就好。

安装anaconda

$ sudo sh anaconda3-5.3.0-linux-x86_64.sh 
[sudo] andrew 的密码： 
welcome to anaconda3 5.3.0
in order to continue the installation process, please review the license
agreement.
please, press enter to continue
>>> # 按下回车
... # 多次按空格读完license。
do you accept the license terms? [yes|no]
[no] >>> yes # 输入yes
 - press enter to confirm the location
 - press ctrl-c to abort the installation
 - or specify a different location below
...
[/home/andrew/anaconda3] >>> /usr/local/anaconda3 # 输入自定义目录
... # 安装根据机器性能，通常需要持续几分钟。
# 讨论 钉钉群21745728 qq群144081101 567351477
# 本文地址：https://www.jianshu.com/p/9fe9ff999234
do you wish to proceed with the installation of microsoft vscode? [yes|no] #选择no，一般来说自带的spyder和专业ide wingide更好用。
...
do you wish the installer to initialize anaconda3
in your /home/andrew/.bashrc ? [yes|no]
[no] >>> # 选择yes
initializing anaconda3 in /home/andrew/.bashrc
a backup will be made to: /home/andrew/.bashrc-anaconda3.bak
for this change to become active, you have to open a new terminal.
thank you for installing anaconda3!
===========================================================================
anaconda is partnered with microsoft! microsoft vscode is a streamlined
code editor with support for development operations like debugging, task
running and version control.
to install visual studio code, you will need:
 - administrator privileges
 - internet connectivity
visual studio code license: https://code.visualstudio.com/license
do you wish to proceed with the installation of microsoft vscode? [yes|no]
>>> no

添加“export path=/usr/local/anconda3/bin:$path“ 到/etc/profile，这样所有用户都可以使用anaconda python3.7了。

上面的.bashrc在刚才安装时添加了如下内容：

# added by anaconda3 5.3.0 installer
# >>> conda init >>>
# !! contents within this block are managed by 'conda init' !!
__conda_setup="$(conda_report_errors=false '/usr/local/anaconda3/bin/conda' shell.bash hook 2> /dev/null)"
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
 \eval "$__conda_setup"
else
 if [ -f "/usr/local/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh" ]; then
  . "/usr/local/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh"
  conda_changeps1=false conda activate base
 else
  \export path="/usr/local/anaconda3/bin:$path"
 fi
fi
unset __conda_setup~/.bashrc
# <<< conda init <<<

验证安装

通过重新登陆或者执行'source ~/.bashrc"加载环境变量。

$ conda info
  active environment : base
 active env location : /usr/local/anaconda3
   shell level : 1
  user config file : /home/andrew/.condarc
 populated config files : 
   conda version : 4.5.11
 conda-build version : 3.15.1
   python version : 3.7.0.final.0
  base environment : /usr/local/anaconda3 (read only)
   channel urls : https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/linux-64
       https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/noarch
       https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/free/linux-64
       https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/free/noarch
       https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/linux-64
       https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/noarch
       https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/pro/linux-64
       https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/pro/noarch
   package cache : /usr/local/anaconda3/pkgs
       /home/andrew/.conda/pkgs
  envs directories : /home/andrew/.conda/envs
       /usr/local/anaconda3/envs
    platform : linux-64
    user-agent : conda/4.5.11 requests/2.19.1 cpython/3.7.0 linux/4.15.0-36-generic ubuntu/18.04 glibc/2.27
    uid:gid : 1000:1000
    netrc file : none
   offline mode : false
$ python
python 3.7.0 (default, jun 28 2018, 13:15:42) 
[gcc 7.2.0] :: anaconda, inc. on linux
type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

至此，已经安装完毕。

更新anaconda

一般是有新版本发布时才需要使用。

$ conda update conda
$ conda update anaconda

删除anaconda

一般是有新版本发布时才需要使用。

$sudo rm -rf /usr/local/anaconda3
删除上面~/.bashrc和/etc/profile的修改
清空隐藏文件： rm -rf ~/.condarc ~/.conda ~/.continuum