Ubuntu18.04(linux)安装MySQL的方法步骤

安装

mysql

sudo apt-get --purge remove mysql-server mysql-common mysql-client
sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-common mysql-client

mysqladmin -u root password your-new-password
sudo /etc/init.d/mysql restart

mariadb

apt-get install mariadb-server

字符集修改utf8

如果装的mariadb, 默认字符集已经是utf8了。mysql则不是

mysql> show variables like 'char%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| variable_name      | value           |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client   | utf8            |
| character_set_connection | utf8            |
| character_set_database  | latin1           |
| character_set_filesystem | binary           |
| character_set_results  | utf8            |
| character_set_server   | latin1           |
| character_set_system   | utf8            |
| character_sets_dir    | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+

mysql> show variables like 'collation%';
+----------------------+-------------------+
| variable_name    | value       |
+----------------------+-------------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci  |
| collation_database  | latin1_swedish_ci |
| collation_server   | latin1_swedish_ci |
+----------------------+-------------------+

修改字符集：

sudo vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf

添加以下内容

[mysqld]
collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci
init-connect='set names utf8'
character-set-server = utf8

重启：

service mysql restart

登录权限问题

ubuntu18.04 安装mysql或者mariadb之后，发现普通用户和远程都没有权限连接。

error 1045: access denied for user: (using
password: yes)

修改了密码也不对。然后sudo mysql -u root即可登录。这显然不是我们想要的。

解决方案

删除root，重新创建用户。

首先，登录

sudo mysql -u root

然后查看当前用户

select user,host from mysql.user;
+------------------+-----------+
| user       | host   |
+------------------+-----------+
| admin      | localhost |
| debian-sys-maint | localhost |
| magento_user   | localhost |
| mysql.sys    | localhost |
| root       | localhost |

删除root账号

mysql> drop user 'root'@'localhost';
query ok, 0 rows affected (0,00 sec)

重新创建root：

mysql> create user 'root'@'%' identified by '123456';
query ok, 0 rows affected (0,00 sec)

授权

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' with grant option;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0,00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0,01 sec)

关于重置密码

host为%时允许远程登录

set password for root@'localhost' = password('password');

or

update mysql.user set password=password('newpwd') where user='root';

or

use mysql
update user set password = password('newpwd')
where host = 'localhost' and user = 'root';

允许任何地方登录

use mysql
update user set password = password('newpwd')
where host = '%' and user = 'root';

参考

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/mysqlpasswordreset

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。