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C++JSON库CJsonObject详解(轻量简单好用)

程序员文章站 2022-04-03 18:33:52
1. json概述json: javascript 对象表示法( javascript object notation) 。是一种轻量级的数据交换格式。 它基于ecmascript的一个子集。许多编程...

1. json概述

json: javascript 对象表示法( javascript object notation) 。是一种轻量级的数据交换格式。 它基于ecmascript的一个子集。许多编程语言都很容易找到json 解析器和 json 库。 json 文本格式在语法上与创建 javascript 对象的代码相同。不同语言的不同json库对json标准的支持不尽相同,为了能让尽可能多的json库都能正常解析和生成json,定义json的规范很重要,推荐一个json规范《json风格指南》。

2. 常用c&c++ json库

常用且知名度较高的c&c++的json库有cjson、、jsoncpp等,腾讯员工开源的一个rapidjson以高性能著称。c&c++的json库比较见rapidjson作者的比较。

3. 非常简单易用的cjsonobject

cjsonobject是基于cjson全新开发一个c++版的json库,cjsonobject的最大优势是轻量(只有4个文件,拷贝到自己代码里即可,无须编译成库,且跨平台和编译器)、简单好用,开发效率极高,对多层嵌套json的读取和生成使用非常简单(大部分json解析库如果要访问多层嵌套json的最里层非常麻烦)。我一直使用的json库是一个较老版本的cjson,cjson的好处是简单易用,而且只有两个文件,直接复制到自己的代码中就可以用。cjson也有一个非常容易让初用者头痛的地方,一不小心就造成内存泄漏了。为此,我基于cjson封装了一个c++版的cjsonobject,该库比cjson更简单易用,且只要不是有意不释放内存就不会发生内存泄漏。用cjsonobject的好处在于完全不用文档,看完demo马上就会用,不明白的看一下头文件就知道,所有函数都十分通俗易懂,最为关键的一点是解析json和生成json的编码效率非常高。当然,毕竟是经过cjson封装而来,效率会略低于cjson,cjson不支持的cjsonobject也不支持。个人认为,既然已经选了json,那一点点的解析性能差异就不重要了,如果追求性能可以选protobuf。cjsonobject在我最近5年做过的8个项目中广泛应用。cjsonobject非常简单易用,且表现稳定,2018年5月我把它开源https://github.com/bwar/cjsonobject,并将持续维护。

来看看cjsonobject是如何简单易用:

demo.cpp:

#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include "../cjsonobject.hpp"

int main()
{
    int ivalue;
    std::string strvalue;
    neb::cjsonobject ojson("{\"refresh_interval\":60,"
                        "\"dynamic_loading\":["
                            "{"
                                "\"so_path\":\"plugins/user.so\", \"load\":false, \"version\":1,"
                                "\"cmd\":["
                                     "{\"cmd\":2001, \"class\":\"neb::cmduserlogin\"},"
                                     "{\"cmd\":2003, \"class\":\"neb::cmduserlogout\"}"
                                "],"
                                "\"module\":["
                                     "{\"path\":\"im/user/login\", \"class\":\"neb::modulelogin\"},"
                                     "{\"path\":\"im/user/logout\", \"class\":\"neb::modulelogout\"}"
                                "]"
                             "},"
                             "{"
                             "\"so_path\":\"plugins/chatmsg.so\", \"load\":false, \"version\":1,"
                                 "\"cmd\":["
                                      "{\"cmd\":2001, \"class\":\"neb::cmdchat\"}"
                                 "],"
                             "\"module\":[]"
                             "}"
                        "]"
                    "}");
     std::cout << ojson.tostring() << std::endl;
     std::cout << "-------------------------------------------------------------------" << std::endl;
     std::cout << ojson["dynamic_loading"][0]["cmd"][1]("class") << std::endl;
     ojson["dynamic_loading"][0]["cmd"][0].get("cmd", ivalue);
     std::cout << "ivalue = " << ivalue << std::endl;
     ojson["dynamic_loading"][0]["module"][0].get("path", strvalue);
     std::cout << "strvalue = " << strvalue << std::endl;
     std::cout << "-------------------------------------------------------------------" << std::endl;
     ojson.addemptysubobject("depend");
     ojson["depend"].add("nebula", "https://github.com/bwar/nebula");
     ojson["depend"].addemptysubarray("bootstrap");
     ojson["depend"]["bootstrap"].add("beacon");
     ojson["depend"]["bootstrap"].add("logic");
     ojson["depend"]["bootstrap"].add("logger");
     ojson["depend"]["bootstrap"].add("interface");
     ojson["depend"]["bootstrap"].add("access");
     std::cout << ojson.tostring() << std::endl;
     std::cout << "-------------------------------------------------------------------" << std::endl;
     std::cout << ojson.toformattedstring() << std::endl;
}

demo执行结果:

[bwar@nebula demo]$ ./cjsonobjecttest
{"refresh_interval":60,"dynamic_loading":[{"so_path":"plugins/user.so","load":false,"version":1,"cmd":[{"cmd":2001,"class":"neb::cmduserlogin"},{"cmd":2003,"class":"neb::cmduserlogout"}],"module":[{"path":"im/user/login","class":"neb::modulelogin"},{"path":"im/user/logout","class":"neb::modulelogout"}]},{"so_path":"plugins/chatmsg.so","load":false,"version":1,"cmd":[{"cmd":2001,"class":"neb::cmdchat"}],"module":[]}]}
-------------------------------------------------------------------
neb::cmduserlogout
ivalue = 2001
strvalue = im/user/login
-------------------------------------------------------------------
{"refresh_interval":60,"dynamic_loading":[{"so_path":"plugins/user.so","load":false,"version":1,"cmd":[{"cmd":2001,"class":"neb::cmduserlogin"},{"cmd":2003,"class":"neb::cmduserlogout"}],"module":[{"path":"im/user/login","class":"neb::modulelogin"},{"path":"im/user/logout","class":"neb::modulelogout"}]},{"so_path":"plugins/chatmsg.so","load":false,"version":1,"cmd":[{"cmd":2001,"class":"neb::cmdchat"}],"module":[]}],"depend":{"nebula":"https://github.com/bwar/nebula","bootstrap":["beacon","logic","logger","interface","access"]}}
-------------------------------------------------------------------
{
    "refresh_interval": 60,
    "dynamic_loading":  [{
            "so_path":  "plugins/user.so",
            "load": false,
            "version":  1,
            "cmd":  [{
                    "cmd":  2001,
                    "class":    "neb::cmduserlogin"
                }, {
                    "cmd":  2003,
                    "class":    "neb::cmduserlogout"
                }],
            "module":   [{
                    "path": "im/user/login",
                    "class":    "neb::modulelogin"
                }, {
                    "path": "im/user/logout",
                    "class":    "neb::modulelogout"
                }]
        }, {
            "so_path":  "plugins/chatmsg.so",
            "load": false,
            "version":  1,
            "cmd":  [{
                    "cmd":  2001,
                    "class":    "neb::cmdchat"
                }],
            "module":   []
        }],
    "depend":   {
        "nebula":   "https://github.com/bwar/nebula",
        "bootstrap":    ["beacon", "logic", "logger", "interface", "access"]
    }
}

再来看看头文件,一看就知道如何使用:

/*******************************************************************************
 * project:  neb
 * @file     cjsonobject.hpp
 * @brief    json
 * @author   bwarliao
 * @date:    2014-7-16
 * @note
 * modify history:
 ******************************************************************************/

#ifndef cjsonobject_hpp_
#define cjsonobject_hpp_

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <float.h>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include "cjson.h"


namespace neb
{

class cjsonobject
{
public:     // method of ordinary json object or json array
    cjsonobject();
    cjsonobject(const std::string& strjson);
    cjsonobject(const cjsonobject* pjsonobject);
    cjsonobject(const cjsonobject& ojsonobject);
    virtual ~cjsonobject();

    cjsonobject& operator=(const cjsonobject& ojsonobject);
    bool operator==(const cjsonobject& ojsonobject) const;
    bool parse(const std::string& strjson);
    void clear();
    bool isempty() const;
    bool isarray() const;
    std::string tostring() const;
    std::string toformattedstring() const;
    const std::string& geterrmsg() const
    {
        return(m_strerrmsg);
    }

public:     // method of ordinary json object
    bool addemptysubobject(const std::string& strkey);
    bool addemptysubarray(const std::string& strkey);
    cjsonobject& operator[](const std::string& strkey);
    std::string operator()(const std::string& strkey) const;
    bool get(const std::string& strkey, cjsonobject& ojsonobject) const;
    bool get(const std::string& strkey, std::string& strvalue) const;
    bool get(const std::string& strkey, int32& ivalue) const;
    bool get(const std::string& strkey, uint32& uivalue) const;
    bool get(const std::string& strkey, int64& llvalue) const;
    bool get(const std::string& strkey, uint64& ullvalue) const;
    bool get(const std::string& strkey, bool& bvalue) const;
    bool get(const std::string& strkey, float& fvalue) const;
    bool get(const std::string& strkey, double& dvalue) const;
    bool add(const std::string& strkey, const cjsonobject& ojsonobject);
    bool add(const std::string& strkey, const std::string& strvalue);
    bool add(const std::string& strkey, int32 ivalue);
    bool add(const std::string& strkey, uint32 uivalue);
    bool add(const std::string& strkey, int64 llvalue);
    bool add(const std::string& strkey, uint64 ullvalue);
    bool add(const std::string& strkey, bool bvalue, bool bvalueagain);
    bool add(const std::string& strkey, float fvalue);
    bool add(const std::string& strkey, double dvalue);
    bool delete(const std::string& strkey);
    bool replace(const std::string& strkey, const cjsonobject& ojsonobject);
    bool replace(const std::string& strkey, const std::string& strvalue);
    bool replace(const std::string& strkey, int32 ivalue);
    bool replace(const std::string& strkey, uint32 uivalue);
    bool replace(const std::string& strkey, int64 llvalue);
    bool replace(const std::string& strkey, uint64 ullvalue);
    bool replace(const std::string& strkey, bool bvalue, bool bvalueagain);
    bool replace(const std::string& strkey, float fvalue);
    bool replace(const std::string& strkey, double dvalue);

public:     // method of json array
    int getarraysize();
    cjsonobject& operator[](unsigned int uiwhich);
    std::string operator()(unsigned int uiwhich) const;
    bool get(int iwhich, cjsonobject& ojsonobject) const;
    bool get(int iwhich, std::string& strvalue) const;
    bool get(int iwhich, int32& ivalue) const;
    bool get(int iwhich, uint32& uivalue) const;
    bool get(int iwhich, int64& llvalue) const;
    bool get(int iwhich, uint64& ullvalue) const;
    bool get(int iwhich, bool& bvalue) const;
    bool get(int iwhich, float& fvalue) const;
    bool get(int iwhich, double& dvalue) const;
    bool add(const cjsonobject& ojsonobject);
    bool add(const std::string& strvalue);
    bool add(int32 ivalue);
    bool add(uint32 uivalue);
    bool add(int64 llvalue);
    bool add(uint64 ullvalue);
    bool add(int ianywhere, bool bvalue);
    bool add(float fvalue);
    bool add(double dvalue);
    bool addasfirst(const cjsonobject& ojsonobject);
    bool addasfirst(const std::string& strvalue);
    bool addasfirst(int32 ivalue);
    bool addasfirst(uint32 uivalue);
    bool addasfirst(int64 llvalue);
    bool addasfirst(uint64 ullvalue);
    bool addasfirst(int ianywhere, bool bvalue);
    bool addasfirst(float fvalue);
    bool addasfirst(double dvalue);
    bool delete(int iwhich);
    bool replace(int iwhich, const cjsonobject& ojsonobject);
    bool replace(int iwhich, const std::string& strvalue);
    bool replace(int iwhich, int32 ivalue);
    bool replace(int iwhich, uint32 uivalue);
    bool replace(int iwhich, int64 llvalue);
    bool replace(int iwhich, uint64 ullvalue);
    bool replace(int iwhich, bool bvalue, bool bvalueagain);
    bool replace(int iwhich, float fvalue);
    bool replace(int iwhich, double dvalue);

private:
    cjsonobject(cjson* pjsondata);

private:
    cjson* m_pjsondata;
    cjson* m_pexternjsondataref;
    std::string m_strerrmsg;
    std::map<unsigned int, cjsonobject*> m_mapjsonarrayref;
    std::map<std::string, cjsonobject*> m_mapjsonobjectref;
};

}

#endif /* cjsonhelper_hpp_ */

如果觉得cjsonobject不错,别忘了给个star,谢谢。

C++JSON库CJsonObject详解(轻量简单好用) 

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