C++JSON库CJsonObject详解(轻量简单好用)
1. json概述
json: javascript 对象表示法( javascript object notation) 。是一种轻量级的数据交换格式。 它基于ecmascript的一个子集。许多编程语言都很容易找到json 解析器和 json 库。 json 文本格式在语法上与创建 javascript 对象的代码相同。不同语言的不同json库对json标准的支持不尽相同,为了能让尽可能多的json库都能正常解析和生成json,定义json的规范很重要,推荐一个json规范《json风格指南》。
2. 常用c&c++ json库
常用且知名度较高的c&c++的json库有cjson、、jsoncpp等,腾讯员工开源的一个rapidjson以高性能著称。c&c++的json库比较见rapidjson作者的比较。
3. 非常简单易用的cjsonobject
cjsonobject是基于cjson全新开发一个c++版的json库,cjsonobject的最大优势是轻量(只有4个文件,拷贝到自己代码里即可,无须编译成库,且跨平台和编译器)、简单好用,开发效率极高,对多层嵌套json的读取和生成使用非常简单(大部分json解析库如果要访问多层嵌套json的最里层非常麻烦)。我一直使用的json库是一个较老版本的cjson,cjson的好处是简单易用,而且只有两个文件,直接复制到自己的代码中就可以用。cjson也有一个非常容易让初用者头痛的地方,一不小心就造成内存泄漏了。为此,我基于cjson封装了一个c++版的cjsonobject,该库比cjson更简单易用,且只要不是有意不释放内存就不会发生内存泄漏。用cjsonobject的好处在于完全不用文档,看完demo马上就会用,不明白的看一下头文件就知道,所有函数都十分通俗易懂,最为关键的一点是解析json和生成json的编码效率非常高。当然,毕竟是经过cjson封装而来,效率会略低于cjson,cjson不支持的cjsonobject也不支持。个人认为,既然已经选了json,那一点点的解析性能差异就不重要了,如果追求性能可以选protobuf。cjsonobject在我最近5年做过的8个项目中广泛应用。cjsonobject非常简单易用,且表现稳定,2018年5月我把它开源https://github.com/bwar/cjsonobject,并将持续维护。
来看看cjsonobject是如何简单易用:
demo.cpp:
#include <string> #include <iostream> #include "../cjsonobject.hpp" int main() { int ivalue; std::string strvalue; neb::cjsonobject ojson("{\"refresh_interval\":60," "\"dynamic_loading\":[" "{" "\"so_path\":\"plugins/user.so\", \"load\":false, \"version\":1," "\"cmd\":[" "{\"cmd\":2001, \"class\":\"neb::cmduserlogin\"}," "{\"cmd\":2003, \"class\":\"neb::cmduserlogout\"}" "]," "\"module\":[" "{\"path\":\"im/user/login\", \"class\":\"neb::modulelogin\"}," "{\"path\":\"im/user/logout\", \"class\":\"neb::modulelogout\"}" "]" "}," "{" "\"so_path\":\"plugins/chatmsg.so\", \"load\":false, \"version\":1," "\"cmd\":[" "{\"cmd\":2001, \"class\":\"neb::cmdchat\"}" "]," "\"module\":[]" "}" "]" "}"); std::cout << ojson.tostring() << std::endl; std::cout << "-------------------------------------------------------------------" << std::endl; std::cout << ojson["dynamic_loading"][0]["cmd"][1]("class") << std::endl; ojson["dynamic_loading"][0]["cmd"][0].get("cmd", ivalue); std::cout << "ivalue = " << ivalue << std::endl; ojson["dynamic_loading"][0]["module"][0].get("path", strvalue); std::cout << "strvalue = " << strvalue << std::endl; std::cout << "-------------------------------------------------------------------" << std::endl; ojson.addemptysubobject("depend"); ojson["depend"].add("nebula", "https://github.com/bwar/nebula"); ojson["depend"].addemptysubarray("bootstrap"); ojson["depend"]["bootstrap"].add("beacon"); ojson["depend"]["bootstrap"].add("logic"); ojson["depend"]["bootstrap"].add("logger"); ojson["depend"]["bootstrap"].add("interface"); ojson["depend"]["bootstrap"].add("access"); std::cout << ojson.tostring() << std::endl; std::cout << "-------------------------------------------------------------------" << std::endl; std::cout << ojson.toformattedstring() << std::endl; }
demo执行结果:
[bwar@nebula demo]$ ./cjsonobjecttest {"refresh_interval":60,"dynamic_loading":[{"so_path":"plugins/user.so","load":false,"version":1,"cmd":[{"cmd":2001,"class":"neb::cmduserlogin"},{"cmd":2003,"class":"neb::cmduserlogout"}],"module":[{"path":"im/user/login","class":"neb::modulelogin"},{"path":"im/user/logout","class":"neb::modulelogout"}]},{"so_path":"plugins/chatmsg.so","load":false,"version":1,"cmd":[{"cmd":2001,"class":"neb::cmdchat"}],"module":[]}]} ------------------------------------------------------------------- neb::cmduserlogout ivalue = 2001 strvalue = im/user/login ------------------------------------------------------------------- {"refresh_interval":60,"dynamic_loading":[{"so_path":"plugins/user.so","load":false,"version":1,"cmd":[{"cmd":2001,"class":"neb::cmduserlogin"},{"cmd":2003,"class":"neb::cmduserlogout"}],"module":[{"path":"im/user/login","class":"neb::modulelogin"},{"path":"im/user/logout","class":"neb::modulelogout"}]},{"so_path":"plugins/chatmsg.so","load":false,"version":1,"cmd":[{"cmd":2001,"class":"neb::cmdchat"}],"module":[]}],"depend":{"nebula":"https://github.com/bwar/nebula","bootstrap":["beacon","logic","logger","interface","access"]}} ------------------------------------------------------------------- { "refresh_interval": 60, "dynamic_loading": [{ "so_path": "plugins/user.so", "load": false, "version": 1, "cmd": [{ "cmd": 2001, "class": "neb::cmduserlogin" }, { "cmd": 2003, "class": "neb::cmduserlogout" }], "module": [{ "path": "im/user/login", "class": "neb::modulelogin" }, { "path": "im/user/logout", "class": "neb::modulelogout" }] }, { "so_path": "plugins/chatmsg.so", "load": false, "version": 1, "cmd": [{ "cmd": 2001, "class": "neb::cmdchat" }], "module": [] }], "depend": { "nebula": "https://github.com/bwar/nebula", "bootstrap": ["beacon", "logic", "logger", "interface", "access"] } }
再来看看头文件,一看就知道如何使用:
/******************************************************************************* * project: neb * @file cjsonobject.hpp * @brief json * @author bwarliao * @date: 2014-7-16 * @note * modify history: ******************************************************************************/ #ifndef cjsonobject_hpp_ #define cjsonobject_hpp_ #include <stdio.h> #include <stddef.h> #include <malloc.h> #include <errno.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <limits.h> #include <math.h> #include <float.h> #include <string> #include <map> #include "cjson.h" namespace neb { class cjsonobject { public: // method of ordinary json object or json array cjsonobject(); cjsonobject(const std::string& strjson); cjsonobject(const cjsonobject* pjsonobject); cjsonobject(const cjsonobject& ojsonobject); virtual ~cjsonobject(); cjsonobject& operator=(const cjsonobject& ojsonobject); bool operator==(const cjsonobject& ojsonobject) const; bool parse(const std::string& strjson); void clear(); bool isempty() const; bool isarray() const; std::string tostring() const; std::string toformattedstring() const; const std::string& geterrmsg() const { return(m_strerrmsg); } public: // method of ordinary json object bool addemptysubobject(const std::string& strkey); bool addemptysubarray(const std::string& strkey); cjsonobject& operator[](const std::string& strkey); std::string operator()(const std::string& strkey) const; bool get(const std::string& strkey, cjsonobject& ojsonobject) const; bool get(const std::string& strkey, std::string& strvalue) const; bool get(const std::string& strkey, int32& ivalue) const; bool get(const std::string& strkey, uint32& uivalue) const; bool get(const std::string& strkey, int64& llvalue) const; bool get(const std::string& strkey, uint64& ullvalue) const; bool get(const std::string& strkey, bool& bvalue) const; bool get(const std::string& strkey, float& fvalue) const; bool get(const std::string& strkey, double& dvalue) const; bool add(const std::string& strkey, const cjsonobject& ojsonobject); bool add(const std::string& strkey, const std::string& strvalue); bool add(const std::string& strkey, int32 ivalue); bool add(const std::string& strkey, uint32 uivalue); bool add(const std::string& strkey, int64 llvalue); bool add(const std::string& strkey, uint64 ullvalue); bool add(const std::string& strkey, bool bvalue, bool bvalueagain); bool add(const std::string& strkey, float fvalue); bool add(const std::string& strkey, double dvalue); bool delete(const std::string& strkey); bool replace(const std::string& strkey, const cjsonobject& ojsonobject); bool replace(const std::string& strkey, const std::string& strvalue); bool replace(const std::string& strkey, int32 ivalue); bool replace(const std::string& strkey, uint32 uivalue); bool replace(const std::string& strkey, int64 llvalue); bool replace(const std::string& strkey, uint64 ullvalue); bool replace(const std::string& strkey, bool bvalue, bool bvalueagain); bool replace(const std::string& strkey, float fvalue); bool replace(const std::string& strkey, double dvalue); public: // method of json array int getarraysize(); cjsonobject& operator[](unsigned int uiwhich); std::string operator()(unsigned int uiwhich) const; bool get(int iwhich, cjsonobject& ojsonobject) const; bool get(int iwhich, std::string& strvalue) const; bool get(int iwhich, int32& ivalue) const; bool get(int iwhich, uint32& uivalue) const; bool get(int iwhich, int64& llvalue) const; bool get(int iwhich, uint64& ullvalue) const; bool get(int iwhich, bool& bvalue) const; bool get(int iwhich, float& fvalue) const; bool get(int iwhich, double& dvalue) const; bool add(const cjsonobject& ojsonobject); bool add(const std::string& strvalue); bool add(int32 ivalue); bool add(uint32 uivalue); bool add(int64 llvalue); bool add(uint64 ullvalue); bool add(int ianywhere, bool bvalue); bool add(float fvalue); bool add(double dvalue); bool addasfirst(const cjsonobject& ojsonobject); bool addasfirst(const std::string& strvalue); bool addasfirst(int32 ivalue); bool addasfirst(uint32 uivalue); bool addasfirst(int64 llvalue); bool addasfirst(uint64 ullvalue); bool addasfirst(int ianywhere, bool bvalue); bool addasfirst(float fvalue); bool addasfirst(double dvalue); bool delete(int iwhich); bool replace(int iwhich, const cjsonobject& ojsonobject); bool replace(int iwhich, const std::string& strvalue); bool replace(int iwhich, int32 ivalue); bool replace(int iwhich, uint32 uivalue); bool replace(int iwhich, int64 llvalue); bool replace(int iwhich, uint64 ullvalue); bool replace(int iwhich, bool bvalue, bool bvalueagain); bool replace(int iwhich, float fvalue); bool replace(int iwhich, double dvalue); private: cjsonobject(cjson* pjsondata); private: cjson* m_pjsondata; cjson* m_pexternjsondataref; std::string m_strerrmsg; std::map<unsigned int, cjsonobject*> m_mapjsonarrayref; std::map<std::string, cjsonobject*> m_mapjsonobjectref; }; } #endif /* cjsonhelper_hpp_ */
如果觉得cjsonobject不错,别忘了给个star,谢谢。
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