验证码识别-Java版

前段时间用Java写了个爬虫爬教务处网站，于是有朋友问我是怎么实现验证码识别的，在此将这个小方法分享出来！

PS：Java也是可以做爬虫的哦~因为对Java熟悉些，所有就用Java写的，达成jar包放服务器，写个cron定时启动也是方便的很呢！

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正文前述：关于验证码识别的算法，我之前也了解过一些，现在一般用卷积神经网络来做。虽然Github上相关做好的算法很多，但是这些模型也都还面临着一个问题，就是训练，我们只是拿来应用一下，为什么要做这么多无关的工作呢，而且初期的识别率还不高。所以我就去各大云市场找了一些验证码识别的API，最后在腾讯云找到一个比较好的接口，而且价格也算是合理的。1块钱100次，对自己做爬虫来说，完全是够了的。

本文不是做验证码识别算法，仅仅是一个应用和工具集的封装。方便你我他！

0x01.API的购买

• 在腾讯云中搜索验证码识别：

• 链接：https://market.cloud.tencent.com/products/21094
• 购买后可以获得secretId和secretKey。

0x02.工具集的封装

• 参考官方给的调用案例，并且这个接口需要的是图片的base64编码，所以对这些操作做了一些封装。

1.Base64工具集

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import sun.misc.BASE64Decoder;
import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;

@SuppressWarnings("restriction")
public class Base64Utils {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        //本地图片地址
        String url = "D:\\DeskTop\\验证码识别\\code1.jpg";
        //在线图片地址
        String onlineUrl = "";
        String imgBase64=Base64Utils.ImageToBase64ByOnline(onlineUrl);
        System.out.println(imgBase64);

    }

    /**
     * 本地图片转换成base64字符串
     * @param imgFile	图片本地路径
     * @return
     */
    public static String ImageToBase64ByLocal(String imgFile) {// 将图片文件转化为字节数组字符串，并对其进行Base64编码处理

        InputStream in = null;
        byte[] data = null;

        // 读取图片字节数组
        try {
            in = new FileInputStream(imgFile);

            data = new byte[in.available()];
            in.read(data);
            in.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        // 对字节数组Base64编码
        BASE64Encoder encoder = new BASE64Encoder();

        return encoder.encode(data);// 返回Base64编码过的字节数组字符串
    }



    /**
     * 在线图片转换成base64字符串
     * @param imgURL    图片线上路径
     * @return
     *
     */
    public static String ImageToBase64ByOnline(String imgURL) {
        ByteArrayOutputStream data = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        try {
            // 创建URL
            URL url = new URL(imgURL);
            byte[] by = new byte[1024];
            // 创建链接
            HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
            conn.setConnectTimeout(5000);
            InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
            // 将内容读取内存中
            int len = -1;
            while ((len = is.read(by)) != -1) {
                data.write(by, 0, len);
            }
            // 关闭流
            is.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        // 对字节数组Base64编码
        BASE64Encoder encoder = new BASE64Encoder();
        return encoder.encode(data.toByteArray());
    }


    /**
     * base64字符串转换成图片
     * @param imgStr		base64字符串
     * @param imgFilePath	图片存放路径
     * @return
     */
    public static boolean Base64ToImage(String imgStr,String imgFilePath) { // 对字节数组字符串进行Base64解码并生成图片

        if (imgStr==null||imgStr=="") // 图像数据为空
            return false;

        BASE64Decoder decoder = new BASE64Decoder();
        try {
            // Base64解码
            byte[] b = decoder.decodeBuffer(imgStr);
            for (int i = 0; i < b.length; ++i) {
                if (b[i] < 0) {// 调整异常数据
                    b[i] += 256;
                }
            }

            OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(imgFilePath);
            out.write(b);
            out.flush();
            out.close();

            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return false;
        }

    }


}

2.验证码接口调用

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.Key;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.TimeZone;

import javax.crypto.Mac;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;

import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;


public class VcodeIdentifi {

    //云市场分配的密钥Id
    public static final String secretId = "";

    //云市场分配的密钥Key
    public static final String secretKey = "";

    public static final String source = "market";

    //验证码的位数
    public static final String number="4";

    //ne：英文数字组合，dn：纯数字，de：纯英文
    public static final String pri_id="ne";

    public static String VcodeIdentification(String IMG_BASE64) {
        Calendar cd = Calendar.getInstance();
        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("EEE, dd MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss 'GMT'", Locale.US);
        sdf.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT"));
        String datetime = sdf.format(cd.getTime());
        // 签名
        String auth = null;
        try {
            auth = calcAuthorization(source, secretId, secretKey, datetime);
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        // 请求方法
        String method = "POST";
        // 请求头
        Map<String, String> headers = new HashMap<String, String>();
        headers.put("X-Source", source);
        headers.put("X-Date", datetime);
        headers.put("Authorization", auth);

        // 查询参数
        Map<String, String> queryParams = new HashMap<String, String>();

        // body参数
        Map<String, String> bodyParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
        bodyParams.put("number", number);
        bodyParams.put("pri_id", pri_id);
        bodyParams.put("v_pic", IMG_BASE64);
        // url参数拼接
        String url = "http://service-98wvmcga-1256810135.ap-guangzhou.apigateway.myqcloud.com/release/yzm";
        if (!queryParams.isEmpty()) {
            try {
                url += "?" + urlencode(queryParams);
            } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        BufferedReader in = null;
        try {
            URL realUrl = new URL(url);
            HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) realUrl.openConnection();
            conn.setConnectTimeout(5000);
            conn.setReadTimeout(5000);
            conn.setRequestMethod(method);

            // request headers
            for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : headers.entrySet()) {
                conn.setRequestProperty(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
            }

            // request body
            Map<String, Boolean> methods = new HashMap<>();
            methods.put("POST", true);
            methods.put("PUT", true);
            methods.put("PATCH", true);
            Boolean hasBody = methods.get(method);
            if (hasBody != null) {
                conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");

                conn.setDoOutput(true);
                DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(conn.getOutputStream());
                out.writeBytes(urlencode(bodyParams));
                out.flush();
                out.close();
            }

            // 定义 BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应
            in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));
            String line;
            String result = "";
            while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
                result += line;
            }

            //System.out.println(result);
            return result;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println(e);
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (in != null) {
                    in.close();
                }
            } catch (Exception e2) {
                e2.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    public static String calcAuthorization(String source, String secretId, String secretKey, String datetime)
            throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, UnsupportedEncodingException, InvalidKeyException {
        String signStr = "x-date: " + datetime + "\n" + "x-source: " + source;
        Mac mac = Mac.getInstance("HmacSHA1");
        Key sKey = new SecretKeySpec(secretKey.getBytes("UTF-8"), mac.getAlgorithm());
        mac.init(sKey);
        byte[] hash = mac.doFinal(signStr.getBytes("UTF-8"));
        String sig = new BASE64Encoder().encode(hash);

        String auth = "hmac id=\"" + secretId + "\", algorithm=\"hmac-sha1\", headers=\"x-date x-source\", signature=\"" + sig + "\"";
        return auth;
    }

    public static String urlencode(Map<?, ?> map) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (Map.Entry<?, ?> entry : map.entrySet()) {
            if (sb.length() > 0) {
                sb.append("&");
            }
            sb.append(String.format("%s=%s",
                    URLEncoder.encode(entry.getKey().toString(), "UTF-8"),
                    URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue().toString(), "UTF-8")
            ));
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }
}

3.测试

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String localUrl="D:\\DeskTop\\验证码识别\\code2.jpg";
        String imgBase64=Base64Utils.ImageToBase64ByLocal(localUrl);
        //String onileUrl="http://*.edu.cn/validateCodeAction.do?random=0.41074290098962263";
        //String imgBase64=Base64Utils.ImageToBase64ByOnline(onileUrl);
        String result=VcodeIdentifi.VcodeIdentification(imgBase64);
        System.out.println(result);
    }
}

• 返回的是json字符串，后续还可以根据需求做进一步的结果处理。

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本文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/ATFWUS/article/details/112858757