Java中的深拷贝(深复制)和浅拷贝(浅复制)介绍
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2024-03-31 16:48:28
深拷贝(深复制)和浅拷贝(浅复制)是两个比较通用的概念,尤其在c++语言中,若不弄懂,则会在delete的时候出问题,但是我们在这幸好用的是java。虽然java自动管理对...
深拷贝(深复制)和浅拷贝(浅复制)是两个比较通用的概念,尤其在c++语言中,若不弄懂,则会在delete的时候出问题,但是我们在这幸好用的是java。虽然java自动管理对象的回收,但对于深拷贝(深复制)和浅拷贝(浅复制),我们还是要给予足够的重视,因为有时这两个概念往往会给我们带来不小的困惑。
浅拷贝是指拷贝对象时仅仅拷贝对象本身(包括对象中的基本变量),而不拷贝对象包含的引用指向的对象。深拷贝不仅拷贝对象本身,而且拷贝对象包含的引用指向的所有对象。举例来说更加清楚:对象a1中包含对b1的引用,b1中包含对c1的引用。浅拷贝a1得到a2,a2 中依然包含对b1的引用,b1中依然包含对c1的引用。深拷贝则是对浅拷贝的递归,深拷贝a1得到a2,a2中包含对b2(b1的copy)的引用,b2 中包含对c2(c1的copy)的引用。
若不对clone()方法进行改写,则调用此方法得到的对象即为浅拷贝,下面我们着重谈一下深拷贝。
运行下面的程序,看一看浅拷贝:
class professor0 implements cloneable { string name; int age; professor0(string name, int age) { this.name = name; this.age = age; } public object clone() throws clonenotsupportedexception { return super.clone(); } } class student0 implements cloneable { string name;// 常量对象。 int age; professor0 p;// 学生1和学生2的引用值都是一样的。 student0(string name, int age, professor0 p) { this.name = name; this.age = age; this.p = p; } public object clone() { student0 o = null; try { o = (student0) super.clone(); } catch (clonenotsupportedexception e) { system.out.println(e.tostring()); } return o; } } public class shallowcopy { public static void main(string[] args) { professor0 p = new professor0("wangwu", 50); student0 s1 = new student0("zhangsan", 18, p); student0 s2 = (student0) s1.clone(); s2.p.name = "lisi"; s2.p.age = 30; s2.name = "z"; s2.age = 45; system.out.println("学生s1的姓名:" + s1.name + "\n学生s1教授的姓名:" + s1.p.name + "," + "\n学生s1教授的年纪" + s1.p.age);// 学生1的教授 } }
s2变了,但s1也变了,证明s1的p和s2的p指向的是同一个对象。这在我们有的实际需求中,却不是这样,因而我们需要深拷贝:
class professor implements cloneable { string name; int age; professor(string name, int age) { this.name = name; this.age = age; } public object clone() { object o = null; try { o = super.clone(); } catch (clonenotsupportedexception e) { system.out.println(e.tostring()); } return o; } } class student implements cloneable { string name; int age; professor p; student(string name, int age, professor p) { this.name = name; this.age = age; this.p = p; } public object clone() { student o = null; try { o = (student) super.clone(); } catch (clonenotsupportedexception e) { system.out.println(e.tostring()); } o.p = (professor) p.clone(); return o; } } public class deepcopy { public static void main(string args[]) { long t1 = system.currenttimemillis(); professor p = new professor("wangwu", 50); student s1 = new student("zhangsan", 18, p); student s2 = (student) s1.clone(); s2.p.name = "lisi"; s2.p.age = 30; system.out.println("name=" + s1.p.name + "," + "age=" + s1.p.age);// 学生1的教授不改变。 long t2 = system.currenttimemillis(); system.out.println(t2-t1); } }
当然我们还有一种深拷贝方法,就是将对象串行化:
import java.io.*; //serialization is time-consuming class professor2 implements serializable { /** * */ private static final long serialversionuid = 1l; string name; int age; professor2(string name, int age) { this.name = name; this.age = age; } } class student2 implements serializable { /** * */ private static final long serialversionuid = 1l; string name;// 常量对象。 int age; professor2 p;// 学生1和学生2的引用值都是一样的。 student2(string name, int age, professor2 p) { this.name = name; this.age = age; this.p = p; } public object deepclone() throws ioexception, optionaldataexception, classnotfoundexception { // 将对象写到流里 bytearrayoutputstream bo = new bytearrayoutputstream(); objectoutputstream oo = new objectoutputstream(bo); oo.writeobject(this); // 从流里读出来 bytearrayinputstream bi = new bytearrayinputstream(bo.tobytearray()); objectinputstream oi = new objectinputstream(bi); return (oi.readobject()); } } public class deepcopy2 { /** * @param args */ public static void main(string[] args) throws optionaldataexception, ioexception, classnotfoundexception { long t1 = system.currenttimemillis(); professor2 p = new professor2("wangwu", 50); student2 s1 = new student2("zhangsan", 18, p); student2 s2 = (student2) s1.deepclone(); s2.p.name = "lisi"; s2.p.age = 30; system.out.println("name=" + s1.p.name + "," + "age=" + s1.p.age); // 学生1的教授不改变。 long t2 = system.currenttimemillis(); system.out.println(t2-t1); } }
但是串行化却很耗时,在一些框架中,我们便可以感受到,它们往往将对象进行串行化后进行传递,耗时较多。