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Java 深拷贝与浅拷贝的分析

程序员文章站 2024-03-13 14:46:21
在正式的进入主题之前,我们先来了解下深拷贝和前拷贝的概念: 浅拷贝: 会创建一个新对象,这个对象有着原始对象属性值的一份精确拷贝,如果属性是基本类型,拷贝的是基本类型的...

在正式的进入主题之前,我们先来了解下深拷贝和前拷贝的概念:

浅拷贝:

会创建一个新对象,这个对象有着原始对象属性值的一份精确拷贝,如果属性是基本类型,拷贝的是基本类型的值;如果属性是内存地址,拷贝的就是内存地址,因此如果一个对象改变了这个地址就会影响到另一个对象;

深拷贝:

不仅要复制对象的所有非引用成员变量值,还要为引用类型的成员变量创建新的实例,并且初始化为形式参数实例值;

了解完概念之后,我们来测试下普通的对象赋值操作属于深拷贝还是浅拷贝:

测试代码:

public class depthcopy { 
  public static void main(string[] args) { 
    copy first = new copy("hzw", 24); 
    copy second = first; 
    second.name = "shanxi"; 
    system.out.println(first.name);//输出shanxi 
  } 
} 
class copy 
{ 
  public string name; 
  public int age; 
  public copy(string name,int age) { 
    this.name = name; 
    this.age = age; 
  } 
} 

可以发现,在second将name属性值修改为shanxi之后,first的name属性值也变成了shanxi,这点就可以看出普通的对象赋值属于浅拷贝;

明白了对象之间赋值是浅拷贝之后,接下来我们来看看克隆到底是深拷贝还是浅拷贝,测试代码是让上面的copy对象实现cloneable接口里面的clone方法:

public class depthcopy { 
  public static void main(string[] args) { 
    copy first = new copy("hzw", 24); 
    copy second = null; 
    try { 
      second = (copy) first.clone(); 
    } catch (clonenotsupportedexception e) { 
      e.printstacktrace(); 
    } 
    second.name = "shanxi"; 
    system.out.println(first.name);//输出: hzw 
    system.out.println(first);//输出: com.hzw.day33.copy@7f39ebdb 
    system.out.println(second);//输出: com.hzw.day33.copy@33abb81e 
  } 
} 
class copy implements cloneable 
{ 
  public string name; 
  public int age; 
  public copy(string name,int age) { 
    this.name = name; 
    this.age = age; 
  } 
  @override 
  protected object clone() throws clonenotsupportedexception { 
    return super.clone(); 
  } 
} 

可以看出原先创建出的对象first和克隆创建出的对象second是两个实例,因此对于second中name属性的修改并不会影响first中的name属性;但是,我们并不能单纯的认为克隆就是深拷贝的,比如下面这个例子:

public class depthcopy { 
  public static void main(string[] args) { 
    student student = new student(95); 
    copy first = new copy("hzw", 24,student); 
    copy second = null; 
    try { 
      second = (copy) first.clone(); 
    } catch (clonenotsupportedexception e) { 
      e.printstacktrace(); 
    } 
    second.name = "shanxi"; 
    second.student.score = 60; 
    system.out.println(first == second);//false 
    system.out.println(first.student == second.student);//true 
    system.out.println(first.student.score);//60 
  } 
} 
class copy implements cloneable 
{ 
  public string name; 
  public int age; 
  public student student; 
  public copy(string name,int age,student student) { 
    this.name = name; 
    this.age = age; 
    this.student = student; 
  } 
  @override 
  protected object clone() throws clonenotsupportedexception { 
    return super.clone(); 
  } 
} 
class student  
{ 
  public int score; 
  public student(int score) { 
    this.score = score; 
  } 
} 

看到没有呢?我们通过克隆的方式创建了second,很明显发现first和second是两个实例,因为first == second输出为false,但是first和second里面的student对象却是一样的,通过second修改了student的score值之后,first里面student的score也发生了改变,这也就是说first和second里面的student是相同的,这也就说明了克隆是浅拷贝的,我们要想实现克隆的深拷贝,必须让copy对象里面的student对象也要实现cloneable接口里面的clone方法,并且在copy里面的克隆方法返回student的一个克隆即可,这样就可以保证student的唯一啦,修改之后的代码如下:

public class depthcopy { 
  public static void main(string[] args) { 
    student student = new student(95); 
    copy first = new copy("hzw", 24,student); 
    copy second = null; 
    try { 
      second = (copy) first.clone(); 
    } catch (clonenotsupportedexception e) { 
      e.printstacktrace(); 
    } 
    second.name = "shanxi"; 
    second.student.score = 60; 
    system.out.println(first == second);//false 
    system.out.println(first.student == second.student);//false 
    system.out.println(first.student.score);//95 
    system.out.println(second.student.score);//60 
  } 
} 
class copy implements cloneable 
{ 
  public string name; 
  public int age; 
  public student student; 
  public copy(string name,int age,student student) { 
    this.name = name; 
    this.age = age; 
    this.student = student; 
  } 
  @override 
  protected object clone() throws clonenotsupportedexception { 
    copy copy = (copy)super.clone(); 
    copy.student = (student) student.clone(); 
    return copy; 
  } 
} 
class student implements cloneable 
{ 
  public int score; 
  public student(int score) { 
    this.score = score; 
  } 
  @override 
  protected object clone() throws clonenotsupportedexception { 
    return super.clone(); 
  } 
} 

可以看到此时first和second和first.student和second.student都不是相同的,因此我们修改second的student的score之后并没有影响到first里的student的score值,达到了深拷贝的目的;

但是,仔细一想问题就出来了,假如我们上面例子的student类中也存在引用类型的属性,比如college类,那么我们必须让college类实现cloneable接口,然后在student类里面的clone方法里面调用college类的clone方法,在copy类的clone方法中调用student类的clone方法,发现没有了,这个过程好复杂,必须让类中的有关引用类型全部实现cloneable接口,感觉好麻烦是不是,好的,接下来就该牛人登场了;

解决深拷贝问题最好的方式就是采用序列化方式,这样各种类均不用实现cloneable接口的,直接序列化反序列化就可以啦,我们来见识下吧。

import java.io.file; 
import java.io.fileinputstream; 
import java.io.fileoutputstream; 
import java.io.objectinputstream; 
import java.io.objectoutputstream; 
import java.io.serializable; 
 
public class depthcopy { 
  public static void main(string[] args) { 
    college school = new college("nongda"); 
    student student = new student(95, school); 
    copy copy = new copy("hzw",23, student); 
    copy another = null;//表示反序列化出来的类实例 
    //进行序列化操作 
    try { 
      fileoutputstream fos = new fileoutputstream(new file("d:/copy.txt")); 
      objectoutputstream oos = new objectoutputstream(fos); 
      oos.writeobject(copy); 
    } catch (exception e) { 
      e.printstacktrace(); 
    } 
    //进行反序列化操作 
    fileinputstream fis; 
    try { 
      fis = new fileinputstream(new file("d:/copy.txt")); 
      objectinputstream ois = new objectinputstream(fis); 
      another = (copy) ois.readobject(); 
    } catch (exception e) { 
      e.printstacktrace(); 
    } 
    system.out.println(copy == another);//false 
    system.out.println(copy.student == another.student);//false 
    system.out.println(copy.student.school == another.student.school);//false 
    another.student.school.schoolname = "wuda"; 
    system.out.println(copy.student.school.schoolname);//nongda 
  } 
} 
class copy implements serializable 
{ 
  public string name; 
  public int age; 
  public student student; 
  public copy(string name,int age,student student) { 
    this.name = name; 
    this.age = age; 
    this.student = student; 
  } 
} 
class student implements serializable 
{ 
  public int score; 
  public college school; 
  public student(int score,college school) { 
    this.score = score; 
    this.school = school; 
  } 
} 
class college implements serializable 
{ 
  public string schoolname; 
  public college(string schoolname) { 
    this.schoolname = schoolname; 
  } 
} 

从输出就可以看出来,反序列化之后生成的对象完全就是对原对象的一份拷贝,除了属性值相同之外并不和原对象有任何关系,因此当我们修改反序列化生成对象的schoolname为"wuda"的时候并没有修改原来实例的schoolname值,还是输出"nongda",因此达到了真正的深拷贝效果,但是要想实现序列化,所有的有关类都必须实现serializable接口,这总也比既实现cloneable接口又实现clone方法更方便吧。

以上就是对java 深拷贝和浅拷贝的详细讲解,有需要的可以参考下。