Java消息中间件---基础篇
1.概述
中间件
非底层操作系统软件,非业务应用软件,不是直接给最终用户使用的,不能直接给客户带来价值的软件统称为中间件。
消息中间件
管制关注于数据的发送和接收,利用高效可靠的异步消息传递机制集成分布式系统。
优点
① 解耦 ② 异步 ③ 横向扩展 ④ 安全可靠 ⑤ 顺序保证(比如kafka)
jms
java消息服务(Java Message Service)即JMS,是一个Java平台中关于面向消息中间件的api,用于在两个应用程序之间,或分布式系统中发送消息,进行异步通信
什么是AMQP
AMQP(advanced message queuing protocol)是一个提供统一消息服务的应用层标准协议,基于此协议的客户端与消息中间件可传递消息,并不受客户端/中间件不同产品,不同开发语言等条件的限制
常见消息中间件
activeMQ(支持多语言,实现jms1.1,j2ee1.4规范),RabbitMQ(支持更多语言,基于AMQP规范),kafka(高吞吐量,分布式,分区,O(1)磁盘顺序提供消息持久化)
JMS消息模式
队列模式
客户端包括生产者和消费者
队列中的消息只能被一个消费者消费
消费者可以随时消费队列中的消息
主题模式
客户端包括发布者和订阅者
主题中的消息被所有订阅者消费
消费者不能消费订阅之前就发送到主题中的消息
JMS编码接口
ConnectionFactory 用于创建连接到消息中间件的连接工厂
Connection 代表了应用程序和消息服务器之间的通信链路
Destination 指消息发布和接收的地点,包括队列或主题
Session 表示一个单线程的上下文,用于发送和接收消息
MessageConsumer 由会话创建,用于接收发送到目标的消息
MessageProducer 由会话创建,用于发送消息到目标
Message 是在消费者和生产者之间传送的对象,消息头,一组消息属性,一个消息体
流程
2.安装activeMQ
官网 : http://activemq.apache.org/
第一种启动
进入bin ,activemq.bat 启动
进入浏览器 http://127.0.0.1:8161
用户名密码默认为admin
第二种以服务启动
InstallService.bat以管理员身份运行
服务中有ActiveMQ
linux
解压压缩包
进入bin 输入 activemq start,启动完成
3.jms 演示
创建maven项目
添加依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId>
<artifactId>activemq-all</artifactId>
<version>5.9.0</version>
</dependency>
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
创建队列模式的生产者AppProducer
package com.jms.queue;
import javax.jms.Connection;
import javax.jms.ConnectionFactory;
import javax.jms.Destination;
import javax.jms.JMSException;
import javax.jms.MessageProducer;
import javax.jms.Session;
import javax.jms.TextMessage;
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;
public class AppProducer {
public static final String url = "tcp://localhost:61616";
public static final String queueName = "queue-test ";
public static void main(String[] args) throws JMSException {
//1.创建连接工厂
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(url);
//2.创建Connection
Connection connection = connectionFactory.createConnection();
//3.启动连接
connection.start();
//4.创建会话 第一个参数:是否在事务中去处理, 第二个参数.应答模式
Session session = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
//5.创建一个目标
Destination destination = session.createQueue(queueName);
//6创建一个生产者
MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(destination);
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
//7.创基建消息
TextMessage textMessage = session.createTextMessage("test:"+i);
producer.send(textMessage);
System.out.println("发送消息:"+textMessage.getText());
}
//9关闭连接
connection.close();
}
}
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
- 26
- 27
- 28
- 29
- 30
- 31
- 32
- 33
- 34
- 35
- 36
- 37
- 38
- 39
- 40
- 41
- 42
- 43
- 44
- 45
运行项目,打开activeMQ管理工具
100个消息,没有消费者消费,连接已关闭
消费者 AppConsumer
package com.jms.queue;
import javax.jms.Connection;
import javax.jms.ConnectionFactory;
import javax.jms.Destination;
import javax.jms.JMSException;
import javax.jms.Message;
import javax.jms.MessageConsumer;
import javax.jms.MessageListener;
import javax.jms.Session;
import javax.jms.TextMessage;
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;
public class AppConsumer {
public static final String url = "tcp://localhost:61616";
public static final String queueName = "queue-test ";
public static void main(String[] args) throws JMSException {
//1.创建连接工厂
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(url);
//2.创建Connection
Connection connection = connectionFactory.createConnection();
//3.启动连接
connection.start();
//4.创建会话 第一个参数:是否在事务中去处理, 第二个参数.应答模式
Session session = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
//5.创建一个目标
Destination destination = session.createQueue(queueName);
//6创建一个消费者
MessageConsumer consumber = session.createConsumer(destination);
//7创建一个监听器
consumber.setMessageListener(new MessageListener() {
public void onMessage(Message message) {
TextMessage textMessage = (TextMessage) message;
try {
System.out.println("接收消息:"+textMessage.getText());
} catch (JMSException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
//8关闭连接 消息是异步的 ,在程序退出是关闭,在这里不可以关闭
//connection.close();
}
}
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
- 26
- 27
- 28
- 29
- 30
- 31
- 32
- 33
- 34
- 35
- 36
- 37
- 38
- 39
- 40
- 41
- 42
- 43
- 44
- 45
- 46
- 47
- 48
- 49
- 50
- 51
- 52
- 53
- 54
- 55
- 56
当启动2个消费者,再启动生产者,结果是2个消费者平均消费
创建主题模式发布者AppProducer
package com.jms.topic;
import javax.jms.Connection;
import javax.jms.ConnectionFactory;
import javax.jms.Destination;
import javax.jms.JMSException;
import javax.jms.MessageProducer;
import javax.jms.Session;
import javax.jms.TextMessage;
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;
public class AppProducer {
public static final String url = "tcp://localhost:61616";
public static final String topicName = "topic-test ";
public static void main(String[] args) throws JMSException {
//1.创建连接工厂
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(url);
//2.创建Connection
Connection connection = connectionFactory.createConnection();
//3.启动连接
connection.start();
//4.创建会话 第一个参数:是否在事务中去处理, 第二个参数.应答模式
Session session = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
//5.创建一个目标
Destination destination = session.createTopic(topicName);
//6创建一个生产者
MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(destination);
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
//7.创基建消息
TextMessage textMessage = session.createTextMessage("test:"+i);
producer.send(textMessage);
System.out.println("发送消息:"+textMessage.getText());
}
//9关闭连接
connection.close();
}
}
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
- 26
- 27
- 28
- 29
- 30
- 31
- 32
- 33
- 34
- 35
- 36
- 37
- 38
- 39
- 40
- 41
- 42
- 43
- 44
这时直接运行订阅者接收不到消息,因为发布者先运行了
订阅者AppConsumer
package com.jms.topic;
import javax.jms.Connection;
import javax.jms.ConnectionFactory;
import javax.jms.Destination;
import javax.jms.JMSException;
import javax.jms.Message;
import javax.jms.MessageConsumer;
import javax.jms.MessageListener;
import javax.jms.Session;
import javax.jms.TextMessage;
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;
public class AppConsumer {
public static final String url = "tcp://localhost:61616";
public static final String topicName = "topic-test ";
public static void main(String[] args) throws JMSException {
//1.创建连接工厂
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(url);
//2.创建Connection
Connection connection = connectionFactory.createConnection();
//3.启动连接
connection.start();
//4.创建会话 第一个参数:是否在事务中去处理, 第二个参数.应答模式
Session session = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
//5.创建一个目标
Destination destination = session.createTopic(topicName);
//6创建一个消费者
MessageConsumer consumber = session.createConsumer(destination);
//7创建一个监听器
consumber.setMessageListener(new MessageListener() {
public void onMessage(Message message) {
TextMessage textMessage = (TextMessage) message;
try {
System.out.println("接收消息:"+textMessage.getText());
} catch (JMSException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
//8关闭连接 消息是异步的 ,在程序退出是关闭
//connection.close();
}
}
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
- 26
- 27
- 28
- 29
- 30
- 31
- 32
- 33
- 34
- 35
- 36
- 37
- 38
- 39
- 40
- 41
- 42
- 43
- 44
- 45
- 46
- 47
- 48
- 49
- 50
- 51
- 52
- 53
- 54
- 55
- 56
启动两个订阅者,再启动发布者,两个订阅者均可收到发布者的消息
4.使用spring集成jms链接activeMQ
ConnectionFactory 用于管理连接的工厂
JmsTemplate 用于发送和接收消息的模板类
MessageListerner 消息监听器
ConnectionFactory 是spring 为我们提供的连接池
两种连接池SingleConnectionFactory 和 CachingConnectionFactory
SingleConnectionFactory 是对于jms建立请求,只会返回一个连接
CachingConnectionFactory 实现了SingleConnectionFactory 的所有功能,还提供了缓存
JmsTemplate spring提供,线程安全,可以使用JmsTemplate 操作jms
MessageListerner 实现onMessage方法,接收Message参数
添加依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId>
<artifactId>activemq-core</artifactId>
<version>5.7.0</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
- 26
- 27
- 28
- 29
- 30
- 31
- 32
- 33
- 34
- 35
- 36
- 37
这里注意org.apache.activemq也依赖了spring-context 所以这里要把他排除掉
生产者 创建接口ProducerService
package com.spring.producer;
public interface ProducerService {
void sendMessage(String message);
}
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
实现类
package com.spring.producer.impl;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.jms.Destination;
import javax.jms.JMSException;
import javax.jms.Message;
import javax.jms.Session;
import javax.jms.TextMessage;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate;
import org.springframework.jms.core.MessageCreator;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.spring.producer.ProducerService;
@Service
public class ProducerServiceImpl implements ProducerService {
@Autowired
private JmsTemplate jmsTemplate;
@Resource(name= "queueDestination")//因为可能配置多个目的地,所以使用resource name进行区分
Destination destination;
public void sendMessage(final String message) {
//使用JmsTemplate发送消息
jmsTemplate.send(destination,new MessageCreator() {
//创建消息
public Message createMessage(Session session) throws JMSException {
TextMessage textMessage = session.createTextMessage(message);
return textMessage;
}
});
System.out.println("发送消息:"+message);
}
}
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
- 26
- 27
- 28
- 29
- 30
- 31
- 32
- 33
- 34
- 35
- 36
配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.3.xsd">
<context:annotation-config></context:annotation-config>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.spring.*" />
<!-- ActiveMQ提供 ConnectionFactory-->
<bean id="targetConnectionFactory" class="org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory">
<property name="brokerURL" value="tcp://localhost:61616"></property>
</bean>
<!-- spring-jms提供的连接池 -->
<bean id="connectionFactory" class="org.springframework.jms.connection.SingleConnectionFactory">
<property name="targetConnectionFactory" ref="targetConnectionFactory"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 一个队列目的地,点对点 -->
<bean id="queueDestination" class="org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQQueue">
<!-- 指定队列名字 -->
<constructor-arg value="springQueue"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<bean id="jmsTemplate" class="org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate">
<property name="connectionFactory" ref="connectionFactory"></property>
</bean>
<!-- <bean id="ProducerServiceImpl" class="com.spring.producer.impl.ProducerServiceImpl"></bean> -->
</beans>
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
- 26
- 27
- 28
- 29
- 30
- 31
- 32
启动类
package com.spring.producer;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class AppProducer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("producer.xml");
ProducerService service = context.getBean(ProducerService.class);
for(int i=0;i<100;i++){
service.sendMessage("test"+i);
}
//会自动清理资源
((AbstractApplicationContext) context).close();
}
}
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
可以把公共地方提取出来
<import resource="common.xml"/>
- 1
创建消费者
配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.3.xsd">
<import resource="common.xml"/>
<!-- 导入公共配置 -->
<!-- 配置消息监听器 -->
<bean id="consumerMessageListener" class="com.spring.consumer.ConsumberMessageListener">
</bean>
<!-- jms容器 管理容器指定消息目的地,和消息监听者 -->
<bean id="jmsContainer" class="org.springframework.jms.listener.DefaultMessageListenerContainer">
<property name="connectionFactory" ref="connectionFactory"></property>
<!-- 目的地 -->
<property name="destination" ref="queueDestination"></property>
<!-- 监听器 -->
<property name="messageListener" ref="consumerMessageListener"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
监听类
package com.spring.consumer;
import javax.jms.JMSException;
import javax.jms.Message;
import javax.jms.MessageListener;
import javax.jms.TextMessage;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class ConsumberMessageListener implements MessageListener {
public void onMessage(Message message) {
TextMessage textMessage = (TextMessage)message;
try {
System.out.println("接收消息"+textMessage.getText());
} catch (JMSException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
启动类
package com.spring.consumer;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class AppConsumber {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("consumer.xml");
}
}
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
主题模式
在common配置添加
<bean id="topicDestination" class="org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQTopic">
<constructor-arg value="toptic"/>
</bean>
- 1
- 2
- 3
改ProducerServiceImpl Resource为
name= "topicDestination"
- 1
改consumer.xml jmsContainer
<property name="destination" ref="queueDestination"></property>