java微信公众号开发案例

微信公众号开发一般是针对企业和组织的，个人一般只能申请订阅号，并且调用的接口有限，下面我们就来简单的描述下接入公众号的步骤：

1、首先你需要一个邮箱在微信公众号平台进行注册；
     注册的方式有订阅号、公众号、小程序和企业号，个人我们这里只能选择订阅号

2、注册完后，我们登录到公众号平台--->开发--->基本配置,这里需要填写url和token，url就是我们使用服务器的接口；

3、java web服务器程序编译好且在服务器上部署可以运行的话，可在微信公众号进行在线接口调试：

    1）、选择合适的接口
    2）、系统会生成该接口的参数表，您可以直接在文本框内填入对应的参数值（红色星号表示该字段必填）
    3）、点击检查问题按钮，即可得到相应的调试信息

   eg:获取access_token的步骤：

   1）、接口类型：基础支持
   2）、接口列表：获取access_token接口/token
   3）、填写相应的参数：grant_type、appid、secret
   4）、点击检查问题
   5）、验证成功会返回结果和提示，结果为：200 ok,提示：request successful即表示验证成功

   我们这里验证比较多的是消息接口调试：文本消息、图片消息、语音消息、视频消息、etc

4、接口有不理解的地方，可进入开发-->开发者工具-->开发者文档进行查询

5、接口权限：订阅号主要有基础支持、接收消息及网页服务里面的一些接口

下面我们主要讲订阅号怎么样接收消息的案例：

1、需要申请一个个人微信订阅号
2、url服务器和服务器端代码部署（可以用腾讯云or阿里云服务器）

1）、accountsservlet.java类，验证来自微信服务器和微信服务器的消息处理

package cn.jon.wechat.servlet; 
 
import java.io.ioexception; 
import java.io.printwriter; 
 
import javax.servlet.servletexception; 
import javax.servlet.http.httpservlet; 
import javax.servlet.http.httpservletrequest; 
import javax.servlet.http.httpservletresponse; 
 
import cn.jon.wechat.service.accountsservice; 
import cn.jon.wechat.utils.signutil; 
 
public class accountsservlet extends httpservlet { 
 
 public accountsservlet() { 
 super(); 
 } 
 
 
 public void destroy() { 
 super.destroy(); 
 // put your code here 
 } 
 /** 
 * 确认请求来自于微信服务器 
 */ 
 
 public void doget(httpservletrequest request, httpservletresponse response) 
 throws servletexception, ioexception { 
 system.out.println("接口测试开始！！！"); 
 //微信加密签名 
 string signature = request.getparameter("signature"); 
 //时间戳 
 string timestamp = request.getparameter("timestamp"); 
 //随机数 
 string nonce = request.getparameter("nonce"); 
 //随机字符串 
 string echostr = request.getparameter("echostr"); 
 
 printwriter out = response.getwriter(); 
 //通过校验signature对请求进行校验，若校验成功则原样返回echostr，表示接入成功，否则接入失败 
 if(signutil.checksignature(signature,timestamp,nonce)){ 
 out.print(echostr); 
 } 
 out.close(); 
 out = null; 
// response.encoderedirecturl("success.jsp"); 
 
 
 } 
 /** 
 * 处理微信服务器发来的消息 
 */ 
 public void dopost(httpservletrequest request, httpservletresponse response) 
 throws servletexception, ioexception { 
 //消息的接受、处理、响应 
 request.setcharacterencoding("utf-8"); 
 response.setcharacterencoding("utf-8"); 
 //调用核心业务类型接受消息、处理消息 
 string respmessage = accountsservice.processrequest(request); 
 
 //响应消息 
 printwriter out = response.getwriter(); 
 out.print(respmessage); 
 out.close(); 
 
 
 } 
 
 public void init() throws servletexception { 
 // put your code here 
 } 
 
} 

2）、signutil.java类，请求校验工具类，token需要和微信中填写的token一致

package cn.jon.wechat.utils; 
 
import java.security.messagedigest; 
import java.security.nosuchalgorithmexception; 
import java.util.arrays; 
import java.util.iterator; 
import java.util.map; 
import java.util.set; 
import java.util.concurrent.concurrenthashmap; 
 
/** 
 * 请求校验工具类 
 * @author jon 
 */ 
public class signutil { 
 //与微信配置中的的token一致 
 private static string token = ""; 
 
 public static boolean checksignature(string signature, string timestamp, 
 string nonce) { 
 string[] arra = new string[]{token,timestamp,nonce}; 
 //将signature,timestamp,nonce组成数组进行字典排序 
 arrays.sort(arra); 
 stringbuilder sb = new stringbuilder(); 
 for(int i=0;i<arra.length;i++){ 
 sb.append(arra[i]); 
 } 
 messagedigest md = null; 
 string stnstr = null; 
 try { 
 md = messagedigest.getinstance("sha-1"); 
 byte[] digest = md.digest(sb.tostring().getbytes()); 
 stnstr = bytetostr(digest); 
 } catch (nosuchalgorithmexception e) { 
 // todo auto-generated catch block 
 e.printstacktrace(); 
 } 
 //释放内存 
 sb = null; 
 //将sha1加密后的字符串与signature对比，标识该请求来源于微信 
 return stnstr!=null?stnstr.equals(signature.touppercase()):false; 
 } 
 /** 
 * 将字节数组转换成十六进制字符串 
 * @param digestarra 
 * @return 
 */ 
 private static string bytetostr(byte[] digestarra) { 
 // todo auto-generated method stub 
 string digeststr = ""; 
 for(int i=0;i<digestarra.length;i++){ 
 digeststr += bytetohexstr(digestarra[i]); 
 } 
 return digeststr; 
 } 
 /** 
 * 将字节转换成为十六进制字符串 
 */ 
 private static string bytetohexstr(byte dbyte) { 
 // todo auto-generated method stub 
 char[] digit = {'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','a','b','c','d','e','f'}; 
 char[] tmparr = new char[2]; 
 tmparr[0] = digit[(dbyte>>>4)&0x0f]; 
 tmparr[1] = digit[dbyte&0x0f]; 
 string s = new string(tmparr); 
 return s; 
 } 
 
 public static void main(string[] args) { 
 /*byte dbyte = 'a'; 
 system.out.println(bytetohexstr(dbyte));*/ 
 map<string,string> map = new concurrenthashmap<string, string>(); 
 map.put("4", "zhangsan"); 
 map.put("100", "lisi"); 
 set set = map.keyset(); 
 iterator iter = set.iterator(); 
 while(iter.hasnext()){ 
// string keyv = (string) iter.next(); 
 string key =(string)iter.next(); 
 system.out.println(map.get(key)); 
// system.out.println(map.get(iter.next())); 
 } 
 /*for(int i=0;i<map.size();i++){ 
 
 }*/ 
 } 
} 

3）、accountsservice.java服务类，主要是消息的请求和响应处理，并且当用户关注你的公众号的时候，可以设置默认推送消息

package cn.jon.wechat.service; 
 
import java.util.date; 
import java.util.map; 
 
import javax.servlet.http.httpservletrequest; 
 
import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.imagemessage; 
import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.linkmessage; 
import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.locationmessage; 
import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.videomessage; 
import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.voicemessage; 
import cn.jon.wechat.message.resp.textmessage; 
import cn.jon.wechat.utils.messageutil; 
 
/** 
 * 解耦，使控制层与业务逻辑层分离开来，主要处理请求，响应 
 * @author jon 
 */ 
public class accountsservice { 
 
 public static string processrequest(httpservletrequest request) { 
 string respmessage = null; 
 //默认返回的文本消息内容 
 string respcontent = "请求处理异常，请稍后尝试！"; 
 try { 
 //xml请求解析 
 map<string,string> requestmap = messageutil.parexml(request); 
 
 //发送方账号（open_id） 
 string fromusername = requestmap.get("fromusername"); 
 //公众账号 
 string tousername = requestmap.get("tousername"); 
 //消息类型 
 string msgtype = requestmap.get("msgtype"); 
 
 //默认回复此文本消息 
 textmessage defaulttextmessage = new textmessage(); 
 defaulttextmessage.settousername(fromusername); 
 defaulttextmessage.setfromusername(tousername); 
 defaulttextmessage.setcreatetime(new date().gettime()); 
 defaulttextmessage.setmsgtype(messageutil.messsage_type_text); 
 defaulttextmessage.setfuncflag(0); 
 // 由于href属性值必须用双引号引起，这与字符串本身的双引号冲突，所以要转义 
 defaulttextmessage.setcontent("欢迎访问<a href=\"http://blog.csdn.net/j086924\">jon的博客</a>!"); 
// defaulttextmessage.setcontent(getmainmenu()); 
 // 将文本消息对象转换成xml字符串 
 respmessage = messageutil.textmessagetoxml(defaulttextmessage); 
 
 
 //文本消息 
 if(msgtype.equals(messageutil.messsage_type_text)){ 
 //respcontent = "hi,您发送的是文本消息！"; 
 //回复文本消息 
 textmessage textmessage = new textmessage(); 
// textmessage.settousername(tousername); 
// textmessage.setfromusername(fromusername); 
 //这里需要注意，否则无法回复消息给用户了 
 textmessage.settousername(fromusername); 
 textmessage.setfromusername(tousername); 
 textmessage.setcreatetime(new date().gettime()); 
 textmessage.setmsgtype(messageutil.messsage_type_text); 
 textmessage.setfuncflag(0); 
 respcontent = "hi，你发的消息是："+requestmap.get("content"); 
 textmessage.setcontent(respcontent); 
 respmessage = messageutil.textmessagetoxml(textmessage); 
 } 
 //图片消息 
 else if(msgtype.equals(messageutil.messsage_type_image)){ 
  
 imagemessage imagemessage=new imagemessage(); 
 imagemessage.settousername(fromusername); 
 imagemessage.setfromusername(tousername); 
 imagemessage.setcreatetime(new date().gettime()); 
 imagemessage.setmsgtype(messageutil.messsage_type_image); 
 //respcontent=requestmap.get("picurl"); 
 imagemessage.setpicurl("http://img24.pplive.cn//2013//07//24//12103112092_230x306.jpg"); 
 respmessage = messageutil.imagemessagetoxml(imagemessage); 
 } 
 //地理位置 
 else if(msgtype.equals(messageutil.messsage_type_location)){ 
 locationmessage locationmessage=new locationmessage(); 
 locationmessage.settousername(fromusername); 
 locationmessage.setfromusername(tousername); 
 locationmessage.setcreatetime(new date().gettime()); 
 locationmessage.setmsgtype(messageutil.messsage_type_location); 
 locationmessage.setlocation_x(requestmap.get("location_x")); 
 locationmessage.setlocation_y(requestmap.get("location_y")); 
 locationmessage.setscale(requestmap.get("scale")); 
 locationmessage.setlabel(requestmap.get("label")); 
 respmessage = messageutil.locationmessagetoxml(locationmessage); 
  
 } 
 
 //视频消息 
 else if(msgtype.equals(messageutil.messsage_type_video)){ 
 videomessage videomessage=new videomessage(); 
 videomessage.settousername(fromusername); 
 videomessage.setfromusername(tousername); 
 videomessage.setcreatetime(new date().gettime()); 
 videomessage.setmsgtype(messageutil.messsage_type_video); 
 videomessage.setmediaid(requestmap.get("mediaid")); 
 videomessage.setthumbmediaid(requestmap.get("thumbmediaid")); 
 respmessage = messageutil.videomessagetoxml(videomessage); 
  
 } 
 //链接消息 
 else if(msgtype.equals(messageutil.messsage_type_link)){ 
 linkmessage linkmessage=new linkmessage(); 
 linkmessage.settousername(fromusername); 
 linkmessage.setfromusername(tousername); 
 linkmessage.setcreatetime(new date().gettime()); 
 linkmessage.setmsgtype(messageutil.messsage_type_link); 
 linkmessage.settitle(requestmap.get("title")); 
 linkmessage.setdescription(requestmap.get("description")); 
 linkmessage.seturl(requestmap.get("url")); 
 respmessage = messageutil.linkmessagetoxml(linkmessage); 
 } 
 //语音消息 
 else if(msgtype.equals(messageutil.messsage_type_voice)){ 
 voicemessage voicemessage=new voicemessage(); 
 voicemessage.settousername(fromusername); 
 voicemessage.setfromusername(tousername); 
 voicemessage.setcreatetime(new date().gettime()); 
 voicemessage.setmsgtype(messageutil.messsage_type_voice); 
 voicemessage.setmediaid(requestmap.get("mediaid")); 
 voicemessage.setformat(requestmap.get("format")); 
 respmessage = messageutil.voicemessagetoxml(voicemessage); 
 } 
 //事件推送 
 else if(msgtype.equals(messageutil.messsage_type_event)){ 
 //事件类型 
 string eventtype = requestmap.get("event"); 
 //订阅 
 if(eventtype.equals(messageutil.event_type_subscribe)){ 
  respcontent = "谢谢关注！"; 
 } 
 //取消订阅 
 else if(eventtype.equals(messageutil.event_type_unsubscribe)){ 
  // 
  system.out.println("取消订阅"); 
  
 } 
 else if(eventtype.equals(messageutil.event_type_click)){ 
  //自定义菜单消息处理 
  system.out.println("自定义菜单消息处理"); 
 } 
 } 
 
 } catch (exception e) { 
 // todo auto-generated catch block 
 e.printstacktrace(); 
 } 
 return respmessage; 
 } 
 
 public static string getmainmenu() 
 { 
 stringbuffer buffer =new stringbuffer(); 
 buffer.append("您好，我是jon,请回复数字选择服务:").append("\n"); 
 buffer.append("1、我的博客").append("\n"); 
 buffer.append("2、 歌曲点播").append("\n"); 
 buffer.append("3、 经典游戏").append("\n"); 
 buffer.append("4 、聊天打牌").append("\n\n"); 
 buffer.append("回复"+"0"+"显示帮助菜单"); 
 return buffer.tostring(); 
 
 } 
} 

4）、messageutil.java帮助类，包括常量的定义和xml消息转换和处理

package cn.jon.wechat.utils; 
 
import java.io.inputstream; 
import java.io.writer; 
import java.util.hashmap; 
import java.util.list; 
import java.util.map; 
 
import javax.servlet.http.httpservletrequest; 
 
import org.dom4j.document; 
import org.dom4j.element; 
import org.dom4j.io.saxreader; 
 
import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.imagemessage; 
import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.linkmessage; 
import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.locationmessage; 
import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.videomessage; 
import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.voicemessage; 
import cn.jon.wechat.message.resp.article; 
import cn.jon.wechat.message.resp.musicmessage; 
import cn.jon.wechat.message.resp.newsmessage; 
import cn.jon.wechat.message.resp.textmessage; 
 
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.xstream; 
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.core.util.quickwriter; 
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.hierarchicalstreamwriter; 
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.prettyprintwriter; 
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.xppdriver; 
 
/** 
 * 各种消息的处理类 
 * @author jon 
 */ 
 
public class messageutil { 
 /** 
 * 文本类型 
 */ 
 public static final string messsage_type_text = "text"; 
 /** 
 * 音乐类型 
 */ 
 public static final string messsage_type_music = "music"; 
 /** 
 * 图文类型 
 */ 
 public static final string messsage_type_news = "news"; 
 
 /** 
 * 视频类型 
 */ 
 public static final string messsage_type_video = "video"; 
 /** 
 * 图片类型 
 */ 
 public static final string messsage_type_image = "image"; 
 /** 
 * 链接类型 
 */ 
 public static final string messsage_type_link = "link"; 
 /** 
 * 地理位置类型 
 */ 
 public static final string messsage_type_location = "location"; 
 /** 
 * 音频类型 
 */ 
 public static final string messsage_type_voice = "voice"; 
 /** 
 * 推送类型 
 */ 
 public static final string messsage_type_event = "event"; 
 /** 
 * 事件类型：subscribe（订阅） 
 */ 
 public static final string event_type_subscribe = "subscribe"; 
 /** 
 * 事件类型：unsubscribe（取消订阅） 
 */ 
 public static final string event_type_unsubscribe = "unsubscribe"; 
 /** 
 * 事件类型：click（自定义菜单点击事件） 
 */ 
 public static final string event_type_click= "click"; 
 
 /** 
 * 解析微信发来的请求 xml 
 */ 
 @suppresswarnings("unchecked") 
 public static map<string,string> parexml(httpservletrequest request) throws exception { 
 
 //将解析的结果存储在hashmap中 
 map<string,string> reqmap = new hashmap<string, string>(); 
 
 //从request中取得输入流 
 inputstream inputstream = request.getinputstream(); 
 //读取输入流 
 saxreader reader = new saxreader(); 
 document document = reader.read(inputstream); 
 //得到xml根元素 
 element root = document.getrootelement(); 
 //得到根元素的所有子节点 
 list<element> elementlist = root.elements(); 
 //遍历所有的子节点取得信息类容 
 for(element elem:elementlist){ 
 reqmap.put(elem.getname(),elem.gettext()); 
 } 
 //释放资源 
 inputstream.close(); 
 inputstream = null; 
 
 return reqmap; 
 } 
 /** 
 * 响应消息转换成xml返回 
 * 文本对象转换成xml 
 */ 
 public static string textmessagetoxml(textmessage textmessage) { 
 xstream.alias("xml", textmessage.getclass()); 
 return xstream.toxml(textmessage); 
 } 
 /** 
 * 语音对象的转换成xml 
 * 
 */ 
 public static string voicemessagetoxml(voicemessage voicemessage) { 
 xstream.alias("xml", voicemessage.getclass()); 
 return xstream.toxml(voicemessage); 
 } 
 
 /** 
 * 视频对象的转换成xml 
 * 
 */ 
 public static string videomessagetoxml(videomessage videomessage) { 
 xstream.alias("xml", videomessage.getclass()); 
 return xstream.toxml(videomessage); 
 } 
 
 /** 
 * 音乐对象的转换成xml 
 * 
 */ 
 public static string musicmessagetoxml(musicmessage musicmessage) { 
 xstream.alias("xml", musicmessage.getclass()); 
 return xstream.toxml(musicmessage); 
 } 
 /** 
 * 图文对象转换成xml 
 * 
 */ 
 public static string newsmessagetoxml(newsmessage newsmessage) { 
 xstream.alias("xml", newsmessage.getclass()); 
 xstream.alias("item", new article().getclass()); 
 return xstream.toxml(newsmessage); 
 } 
 
 /** 
 * 图片对象转换成xml 
 * 
 */ 
 
 public static string imagemessagetoxml(imagemessage imagemessage) 
 { 
 xstream.alias("xml",imagemessage.getclass()); 
 return xstream.toxml(imagemessage); 
 
 } 
 
 /** 
 * 链接对象转换成xml 
 * 
 */ 
 
 public static string linkmessagetoxml(linkmessage linkmessage) 
 { 
 xstream.alias("xml",linkmessage.getclass()); 
 return xstream.toxml(linkmessage); 
 
 } 
 
 /** 
 * 地理位置对象转换成xml 
 * 
 */ 
 
 public static string locationmessagetoxml(locationmessage locationmessage) 
 { 
 xstream.alias("xml",locationmessage.getclass()); 
 return xstream.toxml(locationmessage); 
 
 } 
 
 /** 
 * 拓展xstream，使得支持cdata块 
 * 
 */ 
 private static xstream xstream = new xstream(new xppdriver(){ 
 public hierarchicalstreamwriter createwriter(writer out){ 
 return new prettyprintwriter(out){ 
 //对所有的xml节点的转换都增加cdata标记 
 boolean cdata = true; 
  
 @suppresswarnings("unchecked") 
 public void startnode(string name,class clazz){ 
  super.startnode(name,clazz); 
 } 
  
 protected void writetext(quickwriter writer,string text){ 
  if(cdata){ 
  writer.write("<![cdata["); 
  writer.write(text); 
  writer.write("]]>"); 
  }else{ 
  writer.write(text); 
  } 
 } 
 }; 
 } 
 }); 
 
} 

5）、basemessage.java消息基类(包括：开发者微信号、用户账户、创建时间、消息类型、消息id变量)，文本、视频、图片消息都会继承此基类，在此基础上扩展自己的变量，可根据开发者文档中的各种消息属性进行定义

package cn.jon.wechat.message.req; 
/** 
 * 消息基类 （普通用户-公众号） 
 * @author jon 
 */ 
public class basemessage { 
 
 //开发者微信号 
 private string tousername; 
 //发送方账号（一个openid） 
 private string fromusername; 
 //消息创建时间（整型） 
 private long createtime; 
 //消息类型（text/image/location/link...） 
 private string msgtype; 
 //消息id 64位整型 
 private string msgid; 
 
 public basemessage() { 
 super(); 
 // todo auto-generated constructor stub 
 } 
 
 public basemessage(string tousername, string fromusername, long createtime, 
 string msgtype, string msgid) { 
 super(); 
 tousername = tousername; 
 fromusername = fromusername; 
 createtime = createtime; 
 msgtype = msgtype; 
 msgid = msgid; 
 } 
 
 public string gettousername() { 
 return tousername; 
 } 
 
 public void settousername(string tousername) { 
 tousername = tousername; 
 } 
 
 public string getfromusername() { 
 return fromusername; 
 } 
 
 public void setfromusername(string fromusername) { 
 fromusername = fromusername; 
 } 
 public long getcreatetime() { 
 return createtime; 
 } 
 
 public void setcreatetime(long createtime) { 
 createtime = createtime; 
 } 
 public string getmsgtype() { 
 return msgtype; 
 } 
 
 public void setmsgtype(string msgtype) { 
 msgtype = msgtype; 
 } 
 public string getmsgid() { 
 return msgid; 
 } 
 
 public void setmsgid(string msgid) { 
 msgid = msgid; 
 } 
} 

6）、textmessage.java文本消息，继承自5中基类，扩展内容属性

package cn.jon.wechat.message.req; 
/** 
 * 文本消息 
 * @author jon 
 */ 
public class textmessage extends basemessage{ 
 //消息内容 
 private string content; 
 
 public string getcontent() { 
 return content; 
 } 
 
 public void setcontent(string content) { 
 this.content = content; 
 } 
 
} 

7）、imagemessage.java图片消息 

package cn.jon.wechat.message.req; 
/** 
 * 图片消息 
 * @author jon 
 */ 
public class imagemessage extends basemessage{ 
 //图片链接 
 private string picurl; 
 
 public string getpicurl() { 
 return picurl; 
 } 
 
 public void setpicurl(string picurl) { 
 picurl = picurl; 
 } 
} 

8）、videomessage.java视频消息

package cn.jon.wechat.message.req; 
 
public class videomessage extends basemessage { 
 
 private string mediaid; 
 private string thumbmediaid; 
 public string getmediaid() { 
 return mediaid; 
 } 
 public void setmediaid(string mediaid) { 
 this.mediaid = mediaid; 
 } 
 public string getthumbmediaid() { 
 return thumbmediaid; 
 } 
 public void setthumbmediaid(string thumbmediaid) { 
 this.thumbmediaid = thumbmediaid; 
 } 
 
} 

其他消息类可根据开发者文档自行进行完成，另外，开发者也可以申请公众平台测试账号，对开发的相关内容进行测试。

本文已被整理到了《android微信开发教程汇总》，《java微信开发教程汇总》欢迎大家学习阅读。

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。