Selenium处理select标签的下拉框

selenium是一个开源的和便携式的自动化软件测试工具，用于测试web应用程序有能力在不同的浏览器和操作系统运行。selenium真的不是一个单一的工具，而是一套工具，帮助测试者更有效地基于web的应用程序的自动化。

有时候我们会碰到<select></select>标签的下拉框。直接点击下拉框中的选项不一定可行。selenium专门提供了select类来处理下拉框。

<select id="status" class="form-control valid" onchange="" name="status">
<option value=""></option>
<option value="0">未审核</option>
<option value="1">初审通过</option>
<option value="2">复审通过</option>
<option value="3">审核不通过</option>
</select> 

python-selenium中的操作 　

　先以python为例，查看selenium代码select.py文件的实现：

　　...\selenium\webdriver\support\select.py

class select:

def __init__(self, webelement):
"""
constructor. a check is made that the given element is, indeed, a select tag. if it is not,
then an unexpectedtagnameexception is thrown.
:args:
- webelement - element select element to wrap
example:
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import select \n
select(driver.find_element_by_tag_name("select")).select_by_index(2)
"""
if webelement.tag_name.lower() != "select":
raise unexpectedtagnameexception(
"select only works on <select> elements, not on <%s>" % 
webelement.tag_name)
self._el = webelement
multi = self._el.get_attribute("multiple")
self.is_multiple = multi and multi != "false" 

　　查看select类的实现需要一个元素的定位。并且example中给了例句。

　　select(driver.find_element_by_tag_name("select")).select_by_index(2)
def select_by_index(self, index):
"""select the option at the given index. this is done by examing the "index" attribute of an
element, and not merely by counting.
:args:
- index - the option at this index will be selected 
"""
match = str(index)
matched = false
for opt in self.options:
if opt.get_attribute("index") == match:
self._setselected(opt)
if not self.is_multiple:
return
matched = true
if not matched:
raise nosuchelementexception("could not locate element with index %d" % index) 

　　继续查看select_by_index() 方法的使用并符合上面的给出的下拉框的要求，因为它要求下拉框的选项必须要有index属性，例如index=”1”。

def select_by_value(self, value):
"""select all options that have a value matching the argument. that is, when given "foo" this
would select an option like:
<option value="foo">bar</option>
:args:
- value - the value to match against
"""
css = "option[value =%s]" % self._escapestring(value)
opts = self._el.find_elements(by.css_selector, css)
matched = false
for opt in opts:
self._setselected(opt)
if not self.is_multiple:
return
matched = true
if not matched:
raise nosuchelementexception("cannot locate option with value: %s" % value) 

　　继续查看select_by_value() 方法符合我们的要求，它用于选取<option>标签的value值。最终，可以通过下面有实现选择下拉框的选项。

from selenium.webdriver.support.select import select
……
sel = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//select[@id='status']")
select(sel).select_by_value('0') #未审核
select(sel).select_by_value('1') #初审通过
select(sel).select_by_value('2') #复审通过
select(sel).select_by_value('3') #审核不通过

java-selenium中的操作

　　当然，在java中的用法也类似，唯一不区别在语法层面有。

package com.jase.base;
import org.openqa.selenium.webdriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.by.byid;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.chromedriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.select;
public class selecttest {
public static void main(string[] args){
webdriver driver = new chromedriver();
driver.get("http://www.you_url.com");
// ……
select sel = new select(driver.findelement(byid.xpath("//select[@id='status']")));
sel.selectbyvalue("0"); //未审核
sel.selectbyvalue("1"); //初审通过
sel.selectbyvalue("2"); //复审通过
sel.selectbyvalue("3"); //审核不通过
}
}