Android如何实现接收和发送短信

每一部手机都具有短信接收和发送功能，下面我们通过代码来实现接收和发送短信功能。 

一、接收短信

1、创建内部广播接收器类，接收系统发出的短信广播
2、从获得的内容中解析出短信发送者和短信内容
3、在activity中注册广播
4、添加接收短信权限

下面放上具体的代码 
activity_main.xml文件用于显示短信发送者号码和显示短信内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<relativelayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
  android:layout_width="match_parent"
  android:layout_height="match_parent">

  <textview
    android:id="@+id/sms_from"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="20dp"
    android:text="from" />
  <textview
    android:id="@+id/sms_from_txt"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="20dp"
    android:layout_marginleft="15dp"
    android:layout_torightof="@id/sms_from"/>
  <textview
    android:id="@+id/sms_content"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="20dp"
    android:layout_below="@id/sms_from"
    android:layout_margintop="20dp"
    android:text="content" />
  <textview
    android:id="@+id/sms_content_txt"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="20dp"
    android:layout_marginleft="15dp"
    android:layout_margintop="20dp"
    android:layout_below="@id/sms_from_txt"
    android:layout_torightof="@id/sms_content"/>
</relativelayout>

mainactivity.java文件

public class mainactivity extends appcompatactivity {
  private textview fromtv;
  private textview contenttv;

  private intentfilter intentfilter;
  private messagereceiver messagereceiver;

  @override
  protected void oncreate(bundle savedinstancestate) {
    super.oncreate(savedinstancestate);
    setcontentview(r.layout.activity_main);

    initview();
    getsms();
  }

  private void getsms() {
    intentfilter = new intentfilter();                 intentfilter.addaction("android.provider.telephony.sms_received");
    messagereceiver = new messagereceiver();
    //设置较高的优先级
    intentfilter.setpriority(100);
    registerreceiver(messagereceiver, intentfilter);
  }

  private void initview() {
    fromtv = (textview) findviewbyid(r.id.sms_from_txt);
    contenttv = (textview) findviewbyid(r.id.sms_content_txt);
  }

  @override
  protected void ondestroy() {
    super.ondestroy();
    unregisterreceiver(messagereceiver);
  }

  class messagereceiver extends broadcastreceiver {
    @override
    public void onreceive(context context, intent intent) {
      bundle bundle = intent.getextras();
      //提取短信消息
      object[] pdus = (object[]) bundle.get("pdus");
      smsmessage[] messages = new smsmessage[pdus.length];
      for (int i = 0; i < messages.length; i++) {
        messages[i] = smsmessage.createfrompdu((byte[]) pdus[i]);
      }
      //获取发送方号码
      string address = messages[0].getoriginatingaddress();

      string fullmessage = "";
      for (smsmessage message : messages) {
        //获取短信内容
        fullmessage += message.getmessagebody();
      }
      //截断广播,阻止其继续被android自带的短信程序接收到
      abortbroadcast();
      fromtv.settext(address);
      contenttv.settext(fullmessage);
    }
  }
}

注：注册的广播接收器，一定要在ondestroy()方法中取消注册。

由于短信广播是有序广播，如果我们不想让android自带的短信程序接收到短信，就可以设置我们自身接收器的优先级，同时在我们接受完广播后将广播截断，阻止其被android自带的短信程序接收到。 

二、发送短信

1、获取接收者的号码和短信内容
2、获得短信发送管理实例
3、构造pendingintent启动短信发送状态监控广播
4、调用发送短信函数，传入参数发送短信
5、构造广播接收器内部类监控短信是否发送成功
6、获得广播接收器实例和intentfilter实例，注册广播接收器
7、在ondestroy()中取消注册的广播接收器
8、在androidmanifest.xml文件中加入短信发送权限

下面放上具体的布局文件和代码 
activity_send_msg.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<relativelayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
  android:layout_width="match_parent"
  android:layout_height="match_parent">
  <edittext
    android:id="@+id/to_ed"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="50dp"
    android:hint="to"/>
  <edittext
    android:id="@+id/to_content"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="50dp"
    android:layout_below="@id/to_ed"
    android:hint="content"/>
  <button
    android:id="@+id/send_msg"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="50dp"
    android:layout_below="@id/to_content"
    android:text="@string/send_message"/>
</relativelayout>

sendmsgactivity.java文件

public class sendmsgactivity extends appcompatactivity implements view.onclicklistener {
  private context context;
  private edittext toedit;
  private edittext tocontent;
  private intentfilter sendfilter;
  private sendstatusreceiver sendstatusreceiver;
  @override
  protected void oncreate(bundle savedinstancestate) {
    super.oncreate(savedinstancestate);
    setcontentview(r.layout.activity_send_msg);
    context = this;
    initview();
  }

  private void initview() {
    toedit = (edittext) findviewbyid(r.id.to_ed);
    tocontent = (edittext) findviewbyid(r.id.to_content);
    //添加发送按钮的点击监听事件
    button sendmsg = (button) findviewbyid(r.id.send_msg);
    sendmsg.setonclicklistener(this);
  }

  @override
  public void onclick(view view) {
    switch (view.getid()){
      case r.id.send_msg:
        sendmessage();
       break;
      default:
        break;
    }
  }

  private void sendmessage() {
    //获取短信接收者号码
    string to = toedit.gettext().tostring();
    //获取发送短信内容
    string content = tocontent.gettext().tostring();
    //获得广播接收器实例和intentfilter实例
    sendstatusreceiver = new sendstatusreceiver();
    sendfilter = new intentfilter();
    sendfilter.addaction("sent_sms_action");
    //注册广播监听
    registerreceiver(sendstatusreceiver, sendfilter);
    //构造pendingintent启动短信发送状态监控广播
    intent sendintent = new intent("sent_sms_action");
    pendingintent pi = pendingintent.getbroadcast(context, 0, sendintent, 0);
    //获得短信管理实例
    smsmanager smsmanager = smsmanager.getdefault();

    //调用发送短信函数，传入参数发送短信(第一、三、四参数依次为接收者号码,短信内容,短信发送状态监控的pendingintent)
    smsmanager.sendtextmessage(to, null, content, pi, null);
  }

  /**
   * 构造广播接收器内部类监控短信是否发送成功
   */
  class sendstatusreceiver extends broadcastreceiver{

    @override
    public void onreceive(context context, intent intent) {
      if (getresultcode() == result_ok){
        toast.maketext(context, "successful", toast.length_short).show();
      }else{
        toast.maketext(context, "failed", toast.length_short).show();
      }
    }
  }

  @override
  protected void ondestroy() {
    super.ondestroy();
    //取消注册的广播
    unregisterreceiver(sendstatusreceiver);
  }
}

在androidmanifest.xml文件中加入短信发送权限 
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.send_sms"/>

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。