Java selenium处理极验滑动验证码示例

要爬取一个网站遇到了极验的验证码，这周都在想着怎么破解这个，网上搜了好多知乎上看到有人问了这问题，我按照这思路去大概实现了一下。

1.使用htmlunit（这种方式我没成功，模拟鼠标拖拽后轨迹没生成,可以跳过）

我用的是java,我首先先想到了用直接用htmlunit，我做了点初始化

private void initwebclient() {
    if (webclient != null) {
      return;
    }
    webclient = new webclient(browserversion.firefox_24);
     webclient.getoptions().setproxyconfig(new proxyconfig("127.0.0.1",8888));
    webclient.getoptions().setactivexnative(true);
    webclient.getoptions().setuseinsecuressl(true); // 配置证书
    webclient.getoptions().setjavascriptenabled(true);
    webclient.getoptions().setcssenabled(true);
    webclient.setcsserrorhandler(new silentcsserrorhandler());
    webclient.getoptions().setthrowexceptiononscripterror(false);
    webclient.getoptions().setthrowexceptiononfailingstatuscode(false);
    cookiemanager cookiemanager = new cookiemanager();
    list<org.apache.http.cookie.cookie> httpcookies = client.getcookies();//其方式获取的cookie
    for (org.apache.http.cookie.cookie cookie : httpcookies) {
      cookiemanager.addcookie(new com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.util.cookie(cookie));
    }
    webclient.setcookiemanager(cookiemanager);
  }

初始化代理，cookie..然后就能正常调用了

htmlpage page = webclient.getpage("http://www.qixin.com/login");//企信宝
gepageinfor(page);

下面就是我获取图片，还原图片并且模拟拖拽，（这里我觉得是有些问题的，可能是拖拽我模拟的不对导致触发的js并没有生成正确的轨迹，还请大家帮忙看看哪里错了）

private void gepageinfor(htmlpage page) {
    string[] img_slice={"div", "class", "gt_cut_fullbg_slice"};
    string[] img_bg_slice={"div", "class", "gt_cut_bg_slice"};
    htmldivision div = (htmldivision) page.getelementbyid("captcha");
    int decaptcha = 0;
    try {
      byte[] img_slice_binary = client.get(getimgurl(img_slice, div, true)).getbinary();//获取图片byte
      byte[] img_bg_slice_binary = client.get(getimgurl(img_bg_slice, div, false)).getbinary();
      //获取还原后的图片
      bufferedimage geetestimg = imgtest.getgeetestimg(img_slice_binary, imgtest.imgarray);
      bufferedimage geetestimg2 = imgtest.getgeetestimg(img_bg_slice_binary, imgtest.imgarray);
      //获得图片移动位置（目前还有问题，需改用第三方图片识别）
      decaptcha =imgtest.decaptcha(geetestimg,geetestimg2);
      system.out.println(decaptcha);
    } catch (ioexception | fetchexception e) {
      e.printstacktrace();
    }
    htmldivision div_slider_knob = get_div_slider_knob(page,"gt_slider_knob gt_show");//获取要移动div
    htmlpage mouseover = (htmlpage) div_slider_knob.mouseover();
    htmlpage mousedownpage = (htmlpage)div_slider_knob.mousedown();
    div_slider_knob = get_div_slider_knob(mousedownpage,"gt_slider_knob gt_show moving");
    mousemovex(decaptcha, div_slider_knob, mousedownpage);
    htmlpage newpage =(htmlpage)div_slider_knob.mouseover();
//    newpage =(htmlpage)div_slider_knob.mousedown();
    system.out.println(newpage.asxml());
    div = (htmldivision)newpage.getelementbyid("captcha");
    htmlelement htmlelement = div.getelementsbyattribute("div", "class", "gt_slice gt_show moving").get(0);
    system.out.println(htmlelement);
    newpage =(htmlpage)div_slider_knob.mouseup();//触发js,轨迹没有生成
    system.out.println("---------------");
    system.out.println(newpage.asxml());    
    if (newpage.getelementbyid("captcha")!=null) {//错误重试
      //gepageinfor(newpage);
    }
  }

  private void mousemovex(int decaptcha, htmldivision div_slider_knob, htmlpage mousedown) {
    mouseevent mouseevent = new mouseevent(div_slider_knob, mouseevent.type_mouse_move, false, false, false, mouseevent.button_left);
    mouseevent.setclientx( mouseevent.getclientx()+((decaptcha!=0)?decaptcha:99));  //移动x坐标
    scriptresult scriptresult = mousedown.getdocumentelement().fireevent(mouseevent);
  }
  private htmldivision get_div_slider_knob(htmlpage page,string classstring) {
    return (htmldivision)(((htmldivision) page.getelementbyid("captcha")).getelementsbyattribute("div", "class", classstring).get(0));
  }

  private string getimgurl(string[] img_slice, htmldivision div, boolean isneedcheckpostion) {
    string url ="";
    int[] postion = new int[2];
    boolean empty = div.getelementsbyattribute(img_slice[0],img_slice[1],img_slice[2]).isempty();
    if (div.haschildnodes() && !empty) {
      list<htmlelement> elementsbyattribute = div.getelementsbyattribute(img_slice[0],img_slice[1],img_slice[2]);  
      for(int i = 0;i<elementsbyattribute.size();i++){
        htmldivision div_img = (htmldivision)elementsbyattribute.get(i);
        string style = div_img.getattribute("style");
        string[] imge_url_position = style.split(";");
        if(stringutils.isblank(url)){//确认url
          url = stringutils.replacepattern(imge_url_position[0], ".*\\(", "").replace(")", "");
        }
        if (isneedcheckpostion) {//确认图片切割postion,两张图切割方式一样 background-position: -157px -58px
//          string[] positions = stringutils.split(stringutils.remove(imge_url_position[1], "px").replace("-", "").replaceall(".*:", ""), null);
          string[] positions = stringutils.split(stringutils.removepattern(imge_url_position[1], "[^\\d+ \\s]"),null);
          postion[0] = integer.parseint(positions[0]);
          postion[1] = integer.parseint(positions[1]);
          int[] is = imgtest.imgarray[i];
          if (is[0]!=postion[0]||is[1]!=postion[1]) {
            logger.debug("更新分割postion");
            imgtest.imgarray[i] = postion;
          }
          system.out.println(imgtest.imgarray);
          isneedcheckpostion= false;
        }
      }
    }
    return url;
  }

对比图片获取位移方法（decaptcha）是错的我就不放代码了，下面是其中还原图片用的方法，目前是其实审查元素后你就明白怎么还原这个图片了，这里是每次读的10px，58px 

public static bufferedimage getgeetestimg(byte[] binary, int[][] imgarray) throws ioexception {
    bufferedimage img = imageio.read(new bytearrayinputstream(binary));
    list<bufferedimage> list = new arraylist<>();
    for (int i=0;i< imgarray.length;i++) {  
      bufferedimage subimage = img.getsubimage(imgarray[i][0], imgarray[i][1], 10, 58);
      list.add(subimage);
//      imageio.write(subimage, "jpg", new file("d:\\image\\imgs"+i+".jpg"));
    }
    bufferedimage mergeimageup = null;
    bufferedimage mergeimagedown = null;
    int mid = list.size()>>>1;
    for (int i = 0; i <mid-1 ; i++) {
      mergeimageup = mergeimage(mergeimageup==null?list.get(i):mergeimageup, list.get(i+1), true);        
    }
    for(int i = mid;i<list.size()-1;i++){
      mergeimagedown = mergeimage(mergeimagedown==null?list.get(i):mergeimagedown,list.get(i+1), true);
    }
    img = mergeimage(mergeimageup, mergeimagedown, false);
    return img;
  }
   public static bufferedimage mergeimage(bufferedimage img1,
        bufferedimage img2, boolean ishorizontal) throws ioexception {
      int w1 = img1.getwidth();
      int h1 = img1.getheight();
      int w2 = img2.getwidth();
      int h2 = img2.getheight();
      // 从图片中读取rgb
      int[] imagearrayone = new int[w1 * h1];
      imagearrayone = img1.getrgb(0, 0, w1, h1, imagearrayone, 0, w1); // 逐行扫描图像中各个像素的rgb到数组中
      int[] imagearraytwo = new int[w2 * h2];
      imagearraytwo = img2.getrgb(0, 0, w2, h2, imagearraytwo, 0, w2);

      // 生成新图片
      bufferedimage destimage = null;
      if (ishorizontal) { // 水平方向合并
        destimage = new bufferedimage(w1+w2, h1, bufferedimage.type_int_rgb);
        destimage.setrgb(0, 0, w1, h1, imagearrayone, 0, w1); // 设置上半部分或左半部分的rgb
        destimage.setrgb(w1, 0, w2, h2, imagearraytwo, 0, w2);
      } else { // 垂直方向合并
        destimage = new bufferedimage(w1, h1 + h2,
            bufferedimage.type_int_rgb);
        destimage.setrgb(0, 0, w1, h1, imagearrayone, 0, w1); // 设置上半部分或左半部分的rgb
        destimage.setrgb(0, h1, w2, h2, imagearraytwo, 0, w2); // 设置下半部分的rgb
      }

      return destimage;
    }

2.使用selenium

后来我想着是我模拟鼠标这个动作哪里有问题，我就又找到了selenium（2.42.2）,他也能操作htmlunit关键他的鼠标动作好像封装比较完全

但是我尝试了以后发现了这个，htmlunitmouse这个动作没有实现

 public void mousemove(coordinates where, long xoffset, long yoffset) {
  throw new unsupportedoperationexception("moving to arbitrary x,y coordinates not supported.");
 }

好吧，于是调用chrome吧

system.setproperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","c:\\chromedriver.exe");
    proxy proxy = new proxy(); 
    //设置代理服务器地址 
    proxy.sethttpproxy("127.0.0.1:8888"); 
//    desiredcapabilities capabilities = desiredcapabilities.htmlunitwithjs();
    desiredcapabilities capabilities = desiredcapabilities.chrome(); 
    capabilities.setcapability(capabilitytype.proxy, proxy);
//    final webdriver driver = new htmlunitdriver(capabilities);   
    webdriver driver = new chromedriver(capabilities);
    driver.get("http://www.qixin.com/login");
    driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlywait(10, timeunit.seconds);
     checkpage(driver,"return $('.gt_cut_fullbg_slice');");
    // 获取 网页的 title
    system.out.println("1 page title is: " + driver.gettitle());
    // 通过 id 找到 input 的 dom
    string pagesource = driver.getpagesource();
    system.out.println(pagesource);
    org.openqa.selenium.javascriptexecutor executor = (org.openqa.selenium.javascriptexecutor)driver;
    boolean equals = executor.executescript("return document.readystate").equals("complete");
    int movex =99;//移动位置
    if (equals) {
      webelement element = driver.findelement(by.classname("gt_slider_knob"));//(".gt_slider_knob"));
      point location = element.getlocation();
      element.getsize();
      actions action = new actions(driver); 
      //       action.clickandhold().perform();// 鼠标在当前位置点击后不释放
//       action.clickandhold(element).perform();// 鼠标在 onelement 元素的位置点击后不释放
//       action.clickandhold(element).movebyoffset(location.x+99,location.y).release().perform(); //选中source元素->拖放到（xoffset,yoffset）位置->释放左键
       action.draganddropby(element, location.x+movex,location.y).perform();
//      action.draganddrop(element,newelement).perform();
      pagesource = driver.getpagesource();
    }
    //更新cookie
    set<org.openqa.selenium.cookie> cookies = driver.manage().getcookies();
    set<cookie> cookies2 = new hashset<>();
    for (org.openqa.selenium.cookie cookie : cookies) {
      cookies2.add((cookie) new cookie(cookie.getdomain(), cookie.getname(), cookie.getvalue(), cookie.getpath(), cookie.getexpiry(), true));
    }
    for (cookie cookie : cookies2) {
      org.apache.http.cookie.cookie httpclient = cookie.tohttpclient();
    }
    system.out.println(pagesource);

这样提交的表单确实是有轨迹的，这里移动位置我先写了个固定值，可以由上面图片还原，以及一些开源的图片识别工具识别出位置。以上应该就能解决这个滑动验证码了

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。