selenium+java破解极验滑动验证码的示例代码

摘要

分析验证码素材图片混淆原理，并采用selenium模拟人拖动滑块过程，进而破解验证码。

人工验证的过程

1、打开威锋网注册页面

2、移动鼠标至小滑块，一张完整的图片会出现（如下图1）

3、点击鼠标左键，图片中间会出现一个缺块（如下图2）

4、移动小滑块正上方图案至缺块处

5、验证通过

selenium模拟验证的过程

1. 加载威锋网注册页面
2. 下载图片1和缺块图片2
3. 根据两张图片的差异计算平移的距离x
4. 模拟鼠标点击事件，点击小滑块向右移动x
5. 验证通过
6. 详细分析

1、打开chrome浏览器控制台，会发现图1所示的验证码图片并不是极验后台返回的原图。而是由多个div拼接而成（如下图3）

通过图片显示div的style属性可知，极验后台把图片进行切割加错位处理。把素材图片切割成10 * 58大小的52张小图，再进行错位处理。在网页上显示的时候，再通过css的background-position属性对图片进行还原。以上的图1和图2都是经过了这种处理。在这种情况下，使用selenium模拟验证是需要对下载的验证码图片进行还原。如上图3的第一个div.gt_cut_fullbg_slice标签，它的大小为10px * 58px，其中style属性为background-image: url("http://static.geetest.com/pictures/gt/969ffa43c/969ffa43c.webp"); background-position: -157px -58px;会把该属性对应url的图片进行一个平移操作，以左上角为参考，向左平移157px，向上平移58px，图片超出部分不会显示。所以上图1所示图片是由26 * 2个10px * 58px大小的div组成（如下图4）。每一个小方块的大小58 * 10

2、下载图片并还原，上一步骤分析了图片具体的混淆逻辑，具体还原图片的代码实现如下，主要逻辑是把原图裁剪为52张小图，然后拼接成一张完整的图。

/**
 *还原图片
 * @param type
 */
private static void restoreimage(string type) throws ioexception {
  //把图片裁剪为2 * 26份
  for(int i = 0; i < 52; i++){
    cutpic(basepath + type +".jpg"
        ,basepath + "result/" + type + i + ".jpg", -movearray[i][0], -movearray[i][1], 10, 58);
  }
  //拼接图片
  string[] b = new string[26];
  for(int i = 0; i < 26; i++){
    b[i] = string.format(basepath + "result/" + type + "%d.jpg", i);
  }
  mergeimage(b, 1, basepath + "result/" + type + "result1.jpg");
  //拼接图片
  string[] c = new string[26];
  for(int i = 0; i < 26; i++){
    c[i] = string.format(basepath + "result/" + type + "%d.jpg", i + 26);
  }
  mergeimage(c, 1, basepath + "result/" + type + "result2.jpg");
  mergeimage(new string[]{basepath + "result/" + type + "result1.jpg",
      basepath + "result/" + type + "result2.jpg"}, 2, basepath + "result/" + type + "result3.jpg");
  //删除产生的中间图片
  for(int i = 0; i < 52; i++){
    new file(basepath + "result/" + type + i + ".jpg").deleteonexit();
  }
  new file(basepath + "result/" + type + "result1.jpg").deleteonexit();
  new file(basepath + "result/" + type + "result2.jpg").deleteonexit();
}

还原过程需要注意的是，后台返回错位的图片是312 * 116大小的。而网页上图片div的大小是260 * 116。

3、计算平移距离，遍历图片的每一个像素点，当两张图的r、g、b之差的和大于255，说明该点的差异过大，很有可能就是需要平移到该位置的那个点，代码如下。

bufferedimage fullbi = imageio.read(new file(basepath + "result/" + full_image_name + "result3.jpg"));
  bufferedimage bgbi = imageio.read(new file(basepath + "result/" + bg_image_name + "result3.jpg"));
  for (int i = 0; i < bgbi.getwidth(); i++){
    for (int j = 0; j < bgbi.getheight(); j++) {
      int[] fullrgb = new int[3];
      fullrgb[0] = (fullbi.getrgb(i, j) & 0xff0000) >> 16;
      fullrgb[1] = (fullbi.getrgb(i, j) & 0xff00) >> 8;
      fullrgb[2] = (fullbi.getrgb(i, j) & 0xff);

      int[] bgrgb = new int[3];
      bgrgb[0] = (bgbi.getrgb(i, j) & 0xff0000) >> 16;
      bgrgb[1] = (bgbi.getrgb(i, j) & 0xff00) >> 8;
      bgrgb[2] = (bgbi.getrgb(i, j) & 0xff);
      if(difference(fullrgb, bgrgb) > 255){
        return i;
      }
    }
  }

4、模拟鼠标移动事件，这一步骤是最关键的步骤，极验验证码后台正是通过移动滑块的轨迹来判断是否为机器所为。整个移动轨迹的过程越随机越好，我这里提供一种成功率较高的移动算法，代码如下。

  public static void move(webdriver driver, webelement element, int distance) throws interruptedexception {
    int xdis = distance + 11;
    system.out.println("应平移距离：" + xdis);
    int movex = new random().nextint(8) - 5;
    int movey = 1;
    actions actions = new actions(driver);
    new actions(driver).clickandhold(element).perform();
    thread.sleep(200);
    printlocation(element);
    actions.movetoelement(element, movex, movey).perform();
    system.out.println(movex + "--" + movey);
    printlocation(element);
    for (int i = 0; i < 22; i++){
      int s = 10;
      if (i % 2 == 0){
        s = -10;
      }
      actions.movetoelement(element, s, 1).perform();
      printlocation(element);
      thread.sleep(new random().nextint(100) + 150);
    }

    system.out.println(xdis + "--" + 1);
    actions.movebyoffset(xdis, 1).perform();
    printlocation(element);
    thread.sleep(200);
    actions.release(element).perform();
  }

完整代码如下

package com.github.wycm;
import org.apache.commons.io.fileutils;
import org.jsoup.jsoup;
import org.jsoup.nodes.document;
import org.jsoup.nodes.element;
import org.jsoup.select.elements;
import org.openqa.selenium.by;
import org.openqa.selenium.point;
import org.openqa.selenium.webdriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.webelement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.chromedriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.actions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.expectedcondition;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.webdriverwait;
import javax.imageio.imageio;
import javax.imageio.imagereadparam;
import javax.imageio.imagereader;
import javax.imageio.stream.imageinputstream;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.bufferedimage;
import java.io.file;
import java.io.fileinputstream;
import java.io.ioexception;
import java.net.url;
import java.util.iterator;
import java.util.random;
import java.util.regex.matcher;
import java.util.regex.pattern;

public class geettestcrawler {
  private static string basepath = "src/main/resources/";
  private static string full_image_name = "full-image";
  private static string bg_image_name = "bg-image";
  private static int[][] movearray = new int[52][2];
  private static boolean movearrayinit = false;
  private static string index_url = "https://passport.feng.com/?r=user/register";
  private static webdriver driver;

  static {
    system.setproperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "d:/dev/selenium/chromedriver_v2.30/chromedriver_win32/chromedriver.exe");
    if (!system.getproperty("os.name").tolowercase().contains("windows")){
      system.setproperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "/users/wangyang/workspace/selenium/chromedriver_v2.30/chromedriver");
    }
    driver = new chromedriver();
  }

  public static void main(string[] args) throws interruptedexception {
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++){
      try {
        invoke();
      } catch (ioexception e) {
        e.printstacktrace();
      } catch (interruptedexception e) {
        e.printstacktrace();
      }
    }
    driver.quit();
  }
  private static void invoke() throws ioexception, interruptedexception {
    //设置input参数
    driver.get(index_url);

    //通过[class=gt_slider_knob gt_show]
    by movebtn = by.cssselector(".gt_slider_knob.gt_show");
    waitforload(driver, movebtn);
    webelement moveelemet = driver.findelement(movebtn);
    int i = 0;
    while (i++ < 15){
      int distance = getmovedistance(driver);
      move(driver, moveelemet, distance - 6);
      by gttypeby = by.cssselector(".gt_info_type");
      by gtinfoby = by.cssselector(".gt_info_content");
      waitforload(driver, gttypeby);
      waitforload(driver, gtinfoby);
      string gttype = driver.findelement(gttypeby).gettext();
      string gtinfo = driver.findelement(gtinfoby).gettext();
      system.out.println(gttype + "---" + gtinfo);
      /**
       * 再来一次：
       * 验证失败：
       */
      if(!gttype.equals("再来一次:") && !gttype.equals("验证失败:")){
        thread.sleep(4000);
        system.out.println(driver);
        break;
      }
      thread.sleep(4000);
    }
  }

  /**
   * 移动
   * @param driver
   * @param element
   * @param distance
   * @throws interruptedexception
   */
  public static void move(webdriver driver, webelement element, int distance) throws interruptedexception {
    int xdis = distance + 11;
    system.out.println("应平移距离：" + xdis);
    int movex = new random().nextint(8) - 5;
    int movey = 1;
    actions actions = new actions(driver);
    new actions(driver).clickandhold(element).perform();
    thread.sleep(200);
    printlocation(element);
    actions.movetoelement(element, movex, movey).perform();
    system.out.println(movex + "--" + movey);
    printlocation(element);
    for (int i = 0; i < 22; i++){
      int s = 10;
      if (i % 2 == 0){
        s = -10;
      }
      actions.movetoelement(element, s, 1).perform();
//      printlocation(element);
      thread.sleep(new random().nextint(100) + 150);
    }

    system.out.println(xdis + "--" + 1);
    actions.movebyoffset(xdis, 1).perform();
    printlocation(element);
    thread.sleep(200);
    actions.release(element).perform();
  }
  private static void printlocation(webelement element){
    point point = element.getlocation();
    system.out.println(point.tostring());
  }
  /**
   * 等待元素加载，10s超时
   * @param driver
   * @param by
   */
  public static void waitforload(final webdriver driver, final by by){
    new webdriverwait(driver, 10).until(new expectedcondition<boolean>() {
      public boolean apply(webdriver d) {
        webelement element = driver.findelement(by);
        if (element != null){
          return true;
        }
        return false;
      }
    });
  }

  /**
   * 计算需要平移的距离
   * @param driver
   * @return
   * @throws ioexception
   */
  public static int getmovedistance(webdriver driver) throws ioexception {
    string pagesource = driver.getpagesource();
    string fullimageurl = getfullimageurl(pagesource);
    fileutils.copyurltofile(new url(fullimageurl), new file(basepath + full_image_name + ".jpg"));
    string getbgimageurl = getbgimageurl(pagesource);
    fileutils.copyurltofile(new url(getbgimageurl), new file(basepath + bg_image_name + ".jpg"));
    initmovearray(driver);
    restoreimage(full_image_name);
    restoreimage(bg_image_name);
    bufferedimage fullbi = imageio.read(new file(basepath + "result/" + full_image_name + "result3.jpg"));
    bufferedimage bgbi = imageio.read(new file(basepath + "result/" + bg_image_name + "result3.jpg"));
    for (int i = 0; i < bgbi.getwidth(); i++){
      for (int j = 0; j < bgbi.getheight(); j++) {
        int[] fullrgb = new int[3];
        fullrgb[0] = (fullbi.getrgb(i, j) & 0xff0000) >> 16;
        fullrgb[1] = (fullbi.getrgb(i, j) & 0xff00) >> 8;
        fullrgb[2] = (fullbi.getrgb(i, j) & 0xff);

        int[] bgrgb = new int[3];
        bgrgb[0] = (bgbi.getrgb(i, j) & 0xff0000) >> 16;
        bgrgb[1] = (bgbi.getrgb(i, j) & 0xff00) >> 8;
        bgrgb[2] = (bgbi.getrgb(i, j) & 0xff);
        if(difference(fullrgb, bgrgb) > 255){
          return i;
        }
      }
    }
    throw new runtimeexception("未找到需要平移的位置");
  }
  private static int difference(int[] a, int[] b){
    return math.abs(a[0] - b[0]) + math.abs(a[1] - b[1]) + math.abs(a[2] - b[2]);
  }
  /**
   * 获取move数组
   * @param driver
   */
  private static void initmovearray(webdriver driver){
    if (movearrayinit){
      return;
    }
    document document = jsoup.parse(driver.getpagesource());
    elements elements = document.select("[class=gt_cut_bg gt_show]").first().children();
    int i = 0;
    for(element element : elements){
      pattern pattern = pattern.compile(".*background-position: (.*?)px (.*?)px.*");
      matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(element.tostring());
      if (matcher.find()){
        string width = matcher.group(1);
        string height = matcher.group(2);
        movearray[i][0] = integer.parseint(width);
        movearray[i++][1] = integer.parseint(height);
      } else {
        throw new runtimeexception("解析异常");
      }
    }
    movearrayinit = true;
  }
  /**
   *还原图片
   * @param type
   */
  private static void restoreimage(string type) throws ioexception {
    //把图片裁剪为2 * 26份
    for(int i = 0; i < 52; i++){
      cutpic(basepath + type +".jpg"
          ,basepath + "result/" + type + i + ".jpg", -movearray[i][0], -movearray[i][1], 10, 58);
    }
    //拼接图片
    string[] b = new string[26];
    for(int i = 0; i < 26; i++){
      b[i] = string.format(basepath + "result/" + type + "%d.jpg", i);
    }
    mergeimage(b, 1, basepath + "result/" + type + "result1.jpg");
    //拼接图片
    string[] c = new string[26];
    for(int i = 0; i < 26; i++){
      c[i] = string.format(basepath + "result/" + type + "%d.jpg", i + 26);
    }
    mergeimage(c, 1, basepath + "result/" + type + "result2.jpg");
    mergeimage(new string[]{basepath + "result/" + type + "result1.jpg",
        basepath + "result/" + type + "result2.jpg"}, 2, basepath + "result/" + type + "result3.jpg");
    //删除产生的中间图片
    for(int i = 0; i < 52; i++){
      new file(basepath + "result/" + type + i + ".jpg").deleteonexit();
    }
    new file(basepath + "result/" + type + "result1.jpg").deleteonexit();
    new file(basepath + "result/" + type + "result2.jpg").deleteonexit();
  }
  /**
   * 获取原始图url
   * @param pagesource
   * @return
   */
  private static string getfullimageurl(string pagesource){
    string url = null;
    document document = jsoup.parse(pagesource);
    string style = document.select("[class=gt_cut_fullbg_slice]").first().attr("style");
    pattern pattern = pattern.compile("url\\(\"(.*)\"\\)");
    matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(style);
    if (matcher.find()){
      url = matcher.group(1);
    }
    url = url.replace(".webp", ".jpg");
    system.out.println(url);
    return url;
  }
  /**
   * 获取带背景的url
   * @param pagesource
   * @return
   */
  private static string getbgimageurl(string pagesource){
    string url = null;
    document document = jsoup.parse(pagesource);
    string style = document.select(".gt_cut_bg_slice").first().attr("style");
    pattern pattern = pattern.compile("url\\(\"(.*)\"\\)");
    matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(style);
    if (matcher.find()){
      url = matcher.group(1);
    }
    url = url.replace(".webp", ".jpg");
    system.out.println(url);
    return url;
  }
  public static boolean cutpic(string srcfile, string outfile, int x, int y,
                 int width, int height) {
    fileinputstream is = null;
    imageinputstream iis = null;
    try {
      if (!new file(srcfile).exists()) {
        return false;
      }
      is = new fileinputstream(srcfile);
      string ext = srcfile.substring(srcfile.lastindexof(".") + 1);
      iterator<imagereader> it = imageio.getimagereadersbyformatname(ext);
      imagereader reader = it.next();
      iis = imageio.createimageinputstream(is);
      reader.setinput(iis, true);
      imagereadparam param = reader.getdefaultreadparam();
      rectangle rect = new rectangle(x, y, width, height);
      param.setsourceregion(rect);
      bufferedimage bi = reader.read(0, param);
      file tempoutfile = new file(outfile);
      if (!tempoutfile.exists()) {
        tempoutfile.mkdirs();
      }
      imageio.write(bi, ext, new file(outfile));
      return true;
    } catch (exception e) {
      e.printstacktrace();
      return false;
    } finally {
      try {
        if (is != null) {
          is.close();
        }
        if (iis != null) {
          iis.close();
        }
      } catch (ioexception e) {
        e.printstacktrace();
        return false;
      }
    }
  }
  /**
   * 图片拼接 （注意：必须两张图片长宽一致哦）
   * @param files 要拼接的文件列表
   * @param type 1横向拼接，2 纵向拼接
   * @param targetfile 输出文件
   */
  private static void mergeimage(string[] files, int type, string targetfile) {
    int length = files.length;
    file[] src = new file[length];
    bufferedimage[] images = new bufferedimage[length];
    int[][] imagearrays = new int[length][];
    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
      try {
        src[i] = new file(files[i]);
        images[i] = imageio.read(src[i]);
      } catch (exception e) {
        throw new runtimeexception(e);
      }
      int width = images[i].getwidth();
      int height = images[i].getheight();
      imagearrays[i] = new int[width * height];
      imagearrays[i] = images[i].getrgb(0, 0, width, height, imagearrays[i], 0, width);
    }
    int newheight = 0;
    int newwidth = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < images.length; i++) {
      // 横向
      if (type == 1) {
        newheight = newheight > images[i].getheight() ? newheight : images[i].getheight();
        newwidth += images[i].getwidth();
      } else if (type == 2) {// 纵向
        newwidth = newwidth > images[i].getwidth() ? newwidth : images[i].getwidth();
        newheight += images[i].getheight();
      }
    }
    if (type == 1 && newwidth < 1) {
      return;
    }
    if (type == 2 && newheight < 1) {
      return;
    }
    // 生成新图片
    try {
      bufferedimage imagenew = new bufferedimage(newwidth, newheight, bufferedimage.type_int_rgb);
      int height_i = 0;
      int width_i = 0;
      for (int i = 0; i < images.length; i++) {
        if (type == 1) {
          imagenew.setrgb(width_i, 0, images[i].getwidth(), newheight, imagearrays[i], 0,
              images[i].getwidth());
          width_i += images[i].getwidth();
        } else if (type == 2) {
          imagenew.setrgb(0, height_i, newwidth, images[i].getheight(), imagearrays[i], 0, newwidth);
          height_i += images[i].getheight();
        }
      }
      //输出想要的图片
      imageio.write(imagenew, targetfile.split("\\.")[1], new file(targetfile));

    } catch (exception e) {
      throw new runtimeexception(e);
    }
  }
}

pom文件依赖如下

  <dependency>
   <groupid>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupid>
   <artifactid>selenium-server</artifactid>
   <version>3.0.1</version>
  </dependency>
  <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.jsoup/jsoup -->
  <dependency>
   <groupid>org.jsoup</groupid>
   <artifactid>jsoup</artifactid>
   <version>1.7.2</version>
  </dependency>

最后

完整代码已上传至github,地址:

附上一张滑动效果图

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。