Docker---基本命令
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2024-01-31 12:46:52
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Docker—基本命令
1.查看docker的版本
docker version
[aaa@qq.com yum.repos.d]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
Version: 19.03.8
API version: 1.40
Go version: go1.12.17
Git commit: afacb8b
Built: Wed Mar 11 01:27:04 2020
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
Server: Docker Engine - Community
Engine:
Version: 19.03.8
API version: 1.40 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.12.17
Git commit: afacb8b
Built: Wed Mar 11 01:25:42 2020
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
containerd:
Version: 1.2.13
GitCommit: 7ad184331fa3e55e52b890ea95e65ba581ae3429
runc:
Version: 1.0.0-rc10
GitCommit: dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9dd
docker-init:
Version: 0.18.0
GitCommit: fec3683
2.搜索镜像
docker search 名称
[aaa@qq.com yum.repos.d]# docker search nginx
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
nginx Official build of Nginx. 12948 [OK]
jwilder/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con… 1768 [OK]
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of… 764 [OK]
linuxserver/nginx An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS… 102
bitnami/nginx Bitnami nginx Docker Image 82 [OK]
tiangolo/nginx-rtmp Docker image with Nginx using the nginx-rtmp… 67 [OK]
jc21/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for managing Nginx proxy ho… 51
nginxdemos/hello NGINX webserver that serves a simple page co… 47 [OK]
jlesage/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for Nginx Proxy Manager 37 [OK]
nginx/unit NGINX Unit is a dynamic web and application … 36
nginx/nginx-ingress NGINX Ingress Controller for Kubernetes 28
privatebin/nginx-fpm-alpine PrivateBin running on an Nginx, php-fpm & Al… 23 [OK]
schmunk42/nginx-redirect A very simple container to redirect HTTP tra… 18 [OK]
centos/nginx-18-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.8 or building n… 13
nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged Unprivileged NGINX Dockerfiles 13
centos/nginx-112-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.12 or building … 13
blacklabelops/nginx Dockerized Nginx Reverse Proxy Server. 13 [OK]
raulr/nginx-wordpress Nginx front-end for the official wordpress:f… 12 [OK]
nginx/nginx-prometheus-exporter NGINX Prometheus Exporter 10
sophos/nginx-vts-exporter Simple server that scrapes Nginx vts stats a… 7 [OK]
mailu/nginx Mailu nginx frontend 6 [OK]
bitnami/nginx-ingress-controller Bitnami Docker Image for NGINX Ingress Contr… 5 [OK]
ansibleplaybookbundle/nginx-apb An APB to deploy NGINX 1 [OK]
wodby/nginx Generic nginx 0 [OK]
centos/nginx-110-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.10 or building … 0
3.下载镜像
docker pull nginx
[aaa@qq.com docker]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
c499e6d256d6: Pull complete
74cda408e262: Pull complete
ffadbd415ab7: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:282530fcb7cd19f3848c7b611043f82ae4be3781cb00105a1d593d7e6286b596
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest
4.查看下载镜像
docker images
[aaa@qq.com docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest ed21b7a8aee9 9 days ago 127MB
5.查看镜像的信息
docker inspect 镜像id
6.添加镜像的标签（相当于新生成一个镜像）
docker tag 镜像名:原标签名 镜像名:新标签名
[aaa@qq.com docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest ed21b7a8aee9 9 days ago 127MB
[aaa@qq.com docker]# docker tag nginx:latest nginx:web
[aaa@qq.com docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest ed21b7a8aee9 9 days ago 127MB
nginx web ed21b7a8aee9 9 days ago 127MB
7.镜像删除
docker rmi 镜像名：标签名
[aaa@qq.com docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest ed21b7a8aee9 9 days ago 127MB
nginx web ed21b7a8aee9 9 days ago 127MB
[aaa@qq.com docker]# docker rmi nginx:web
Untagged: nginx:web
[aaa@qq.com docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest ed21b7a8aee9 9 days ago 127MB
8.导出已经下载好的镜像
docker save -o nginx nginx:latest
[aaa@qq.com docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest ed21b7a8aee9 9 days ago 127MB
[aaa@qq.com docker]# cd /opt
[aaa@qq.com opt]# docker save -o nginx nginx:latest
[aaa@qq.com opt]# ls -lh nginx
-rw-------. 1 root root 125M 4月 9 20:23 nginx
9.导入镜像到docker
docker load < 镜像名
[aaa@qq.com opt]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
[aaa@qq.com opt]# docker load < nginx
c3a984abe8a8: Loading layer 72.48MB/72.48MB
99134ec7f247: Loading layer 58.11MB/58.11MB
d37eecb5b769: Loading layer 3.584kB/3.584kB
Loaded image: nginx:latest
[aaa@qq.com opt]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest ed21b7a8aee9 9 days ago 127MB
10.上传镜像到共有仓库（需要docker官方账号）
登录：
docker login
输入账号，密码
上传：
docker push 镜像名：标签名
11.创建容器（i：输入，t：绑定终端）
docker create -it nginx:latest /bin/bash
[aaa@qq.com opt]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest ed21b7a8aee9 9 days ago 127MB
[aaa@qq.com opt]# docker create -it nginx:latest /bin/bash
4ef193d2930223a81262ea95f8d5fc2789b4c883874a1017f5b9c9597d3c5bf5
12.查看容器：
docker ps -a
[aaa@qq.com opt]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
4ef193d29302 nginx:latest "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Created funny_goodall
13.启动容器（启动后状态为up）
docker start 容器ID
[aaa@qq.com opt]# docker start 4ef193d29302
4ef193d29302
[aaa@qq.com opt]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
4ef193d29302 nginx:latest "/bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Up 9 seconds 80/tcp funny_goodall
14.run命令
（docker run命令会执行从创建容器，开启容器，执行命令，关闭容器等一系列过程）
（如果没有创建容器，没有镜像，就会从下载镜像开始执行，一直到关闭容器）
（执行完成后直接关闭，状态为exited）
docker run 镜像名 /usr/bin/bash -c ls /
/usr/bin/bash指定运行环境，-c指定执行命令，/表示在根目录下
[aaa@qq.com opt]# docker run paigeeworld/centos7 /usr/bin/bash -c ls /
bin
boot
dev
etc
home
lib
lib64
lost+found
media
mnt
opt
proc
root
run
sbin
srv
sys
tmp
usr
var
15.进入和退出容器（容器得是UP状态）
docker exec -it 容器ID /bin/bash
[aaa@qq.com opt]# docker exec -it 8c2933f02d06 /bin/bash
bash-4.2# ls /
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
bash-4.2# exit
exit
[aaa@qq.com opt]#
16.关闭容器
docker stop 容器ID
[aaa@qq.com opt]# docker stop 8c2933f02d06
8c2933f02d06
[aaa@qq.com opt]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
03b1b87b64e0 paigeeworld/centos7 "/usr/bin/bash -c ls…" 21 minutes ago Exited (0) 21 minutes ago stupefied_haslett
8c2933f02d06 paigeeworld/centos7 "/bin/bash" 29 minutes ago Exited (137) 7 seconds ago gifted_yalow
4ef193d29302 nginx:latest "/bin/bash" 41 minutes ago Up 37 minutes 80/tcp funny_goodall
17.导出容器
docker export 容器ID > 容器名
[aaa@qq.com opt]# ls
containerd nginx rh
[aaa@qq.com opt]# docker export 4ef193d29302 > nginx_c
[aaa@qq.com opt]# ls
containerd nginx nginx_c rh
18.导入容器（导入容器只会生成镜像，不会生成容器）
cat 容器名 | docker import - 镜像:标签
[aaa@qq.com opt]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest ed21b7a8aee9 9 days ago 127MB
[aaa@qq.com opt]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
4ef193d29302 nginx:latest "/bin/bash" About an hour ago Up 57 minutes 80/tcp funny_goodall
[aaa@qq.com opt]# ls
containerd nginx nginx_c rh
[aaa@qq.com opt]# cat nginx_c | docker import - nginx:web
sha256:1642b0350e944ca6b17efbb471b8bcdbbe9947f3e4d3e278d185be75292f20a7
[aaa@qq.com opt]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx web 1642b0350e94 12 seconds ago 125MB
nginx latest ed21b7a8aee9 9 days ago 127MB
[aaa@qq.com opt]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
4ef193d29302 nginx:latest "/bin/bash" About an hour ago Up 59 minutes 80/tcp funny_goodall