超详细hadoop集群服务器安装配置教程

 

虚拟机以及Linux系统安装在之前的两篇分享中已经详细的介绍了方法，并且每一步的都配图了。如果有朋友还是看不懂，那我也爱莫能助了。本篇主要就hadoop服务器操作系统配置进行详细说明，hadoop安装会在下一篇文章中详细的介绍。

hadoop安装包用的是大快DKHadoop发行版，个人觉得DKHadoop的安装过程是比较简单，关于dkhadoop的安装在下一次的分享中再详细介绍吧。下面进入到本篇的主题——服务器操作系统配置教程

 

 一、安装包准备

1、虚拟机分布式安装（三台及以上虚拟机）

若是个人电脑Windows系统或Linux系统，虚拟机上虚拟的三台服务器，则将安装包拷贝到服务器上，进行安装操作即可。

2、物理集群（三台及以上实体服务器）

1. 外网下载模式

2. 本地文件模式

   将安装包文件直接拷贝到实体服务器root目录下，进行安装操作即可。

   3、上传模式

   当服务器在机房，且无显示和输入设备的情况下，应用该模式。

   现将文件，安装在本地计算机上（默认为笔记本电脑，在机房现场），并将计算机与服务器连接，将安装包install、DKHInstall上传到服务器root目录下。

 

二、服务器操作系统配置教程

准备工作完成之后，就要进行服务器配置操作，首先必须三台服务器之间要互相ping通。所谓ping通，就是两台设备之间网络是通的。从一端发送一个数据包，另一端就能够收到，就代表两台设备是能够ping通了。

1、修改权限

目的：使install、DKHInstall两个安装包有可执行的权限。权限不足无法执行一些操作。install里面是脚本和所有组件，DKHInstall里面是安装界面。

步骤：在准备工作中拷贝安装包 install、DKHInstall到主节点目录后，修改文件权限。首先进入root目录，安装目录 install、DKHInstall的权限改为：文件所有者可读可写可执行，与文件所有者属于一个用户组的其他用户可读可执行，其他用户组可读可执行。

命令：

cd /root/

unzip DKHPlantform.zip

chmod -R 755 DKHPlantform

 

2、 搭建Hadoop集群设置SSH免密登录

目的：Hadoop运行过程中需要管理远端Hadoop守护进程，在Hadoop启动以后，NameNode是通过SSH（Secure Shell）来启动和停止各个DataNode上的各种守护进程的。这就必须在节点之间执行指令的时候是不需要输入密码的形式，所以我们需要配置SSH运用无密码公钥认证的形式，这样NameNode使用SSH无密码登录并启动DataName进程，同样原理，DataNode上也能使用SSH无密码登录到NameNode。

步骤：

（1）修改本机hosts文件，写入对应关系

为了区*域网内的每台主机，都会给主机配一个主机名，每台主机之间又是通过IP进行通信，但IP地址不方便记忆，所以配置主机名和IP映射能够实现主机之间的快速方便的访问。

命令：

vi /etc/hosts

通过按键盘上的insert或是I键进入编辑模式，编辑完成后按一下Esc键然后按一下按Shift+: 键，输入wq，后回车就可以保存。输入q！后回车则是放弃保存并退出.

进入编辑模式后，按照规则写入主机与ip的对应关系（主机名称dk41是自己命名的，如下图）例：

   192.168.1.41    dk41

192.168.1.42    dk42

192.168.1.43    dk43

 

 

编辑完后，保存退出。把对应关系拷到其他两台或多台机器上。

命令：

scp  -r  /etc/hosts  192.168.1.42:/etc

scp  -r  /etc/hosts  192.168.1.43:/etc

（2）执行集群之间免密前的准备工作   

执行sshpass.sh的脚本的时候会去读sshhosts和sshslaves这两个文件，替换sshpass.sh中的master和slave文件。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

修改文件sshhosts，输入全部机器的主机名，每行一个主机名（如下图）

命令：

vi /root/DKHPlantform/autossh/sshhosts

通过按键盘上的insert或是I键进入编辑模式，编辑完成后按一下Esc键然后按一下按Shift+：键，输入wq，后回车就可以保存。输入q！后回车则是放弃保存并退出

 

修改文件sshslaves，写入除主机名之外的所有机器名（如下图）

命令：

vi /root/DKHPlantform/autossh/sshslaves

通过按键盘上的insert或是I键进入编辑模式，编辑完成后按一下Esc键然后按一下按Shift+：键，输入wq，后回车就可以保存。输入q！后回车则是放弃保存并退出.

 

 

 

（3）执行集群免密工作

命令：

cd /root/DKHPlantform/autossh

./autossh 主节点主机名 集群密码

例： ./autossh dk41 123456

（4）关闭防火墙

防止访问服务器时某些服务被拦截,需关闭防火墙。

命令：

cd /root/DKHPlantform/autossh

./offIptables.sh

 

 

 

3、 安装双机热备份的MySQL

目的：存放Hive的元数据

步骤：

（1）从主节点分发mySQL安装目录到第二节点

命令：

scp -r /root/DKHPlantform/mysqlInst/ 192.168.1.42:/root/

（2）主节点执行：

命令：                                                                                                                                 

cd /root/DKHPlantform/mysqlInst/

./mysql.sh 1

从节点执行:

命令：

cd /root/mysqlInst/

./mysql.sh 2

 

（3）执行成功之后执行热备份（两台机器上都要执行，两个ip互换,41上写42,42上写41,密码是MySQL的密码为：123456。平台内已经设定好，请勿修改）：

命令：

source /etc/profile

./sync.sh 192.168.1.xxx(另一台mysql地址)

4、 创建数据库

目的：MySQL是一种关联数据库管理系统，关联数据库将数据保存在不同的表中，增加了速度并提高了灵活性。

步骤：

（1）导入MySQL数据表，只在主节点执行：

命令：

mysql -uroot -p123456 < { 此处为sql文件,主目录下文件： dkh.sql}

如：mysql -uroot -p123456 </root/DKHPlantform/dkh.sql

（2）执行完后查看一下两台mysql的数据表是否存在,从主节点中查看执行：

命令：

mySQL  -uroot  -p123456
show databases;

use dkh;

show tables;

 

 

 

5、启动安装

目的：服务器配置操作完成之后，启动DKH。

步骤：执行以下命令。

命令：

cd /root/DKHPlantform/dkh-tomcat*/bin/

./startup.sh

6、本地时间服务器搭建步骤

没联网或者装系统时时间未同步，需要搭建本地时间服务器。

（1）搭建内网的ntp服务器

修改/etc/ntp.conf

命令：

Vim /etc/ntp.conf

通过按键盘上的insert或是I键进入编辑模式，编辑完成后按一下Esc键然后按一下按Shift+：键，输入wq后回车就可以保存。输入q！后回车则是放弃保存并退出.

修改下列三行:

#server 0.centos.pool.ntp.org  

#server 1.centos.pool.ntp.org  

#server 2.centos.pool.ntp.org  

 在文件最后添加下列两行:

server  127.127.1.0   

fudge   127.127.1.0 stratum 10

（2）启动ntp服务

service ntpd start

（3）开机自动启动

chkconfig ntpd on

（4）客户端同步时间

命令：

Vim /etc/ntp.conf

通过按键盘上的insert或是I键进入编辑模式，编辑完成后按一下Esc键然后按一下按Shift+：键，输入wq，后回车就可以保存。输入q！后回车则是放弃保存并退出.

在文件最后添加一行：

*/15 * * * * root ntpdate 192.168.27.35;hwclock -w