Delphi 10.1 Berlin的修饰符Weak,UnSafe对于接口的用法
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2024-01-14 22:33:22
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Delphi 10.1 Berlin的修饰符Weak,UnSafe对于接口的用法
以往的Delphi版本,不支持接口的Weak,和UnSafe的引用,支持对象的Weak, UnSafe,而且仅在Android和Ios平台上支持。
现在Delphi XE10.1 Berlin终于增加了对接口的Weak, UnSafe的支持。
1.Weak
Weak引用,不影响引用计数器,但是如果对象被释放,Weak引用变量自动清0,来看例子:
type
TA=class(TInterfacedObject)
end;
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
a:IInterface;
[weak]aweak:IInterface;
begin
a:=TA.Create; //创建对象,复制给a,执行完成后引用计数器=1
aweak:=a; //由于aweak定义有[weak]属性,所以赋值给aweak后,引用计数器依旧为1,但aweak变量的地址被保存到一个weak关联列表中
Memo1.Lines.Add(Format('Ptr:%d', [NativeInt(Pointer(aweak))]));
a:=nil; //由于引用计数器=1,执行此句后,计数器清0,对象被释放,同时与此对weak关联列表中所有变量也被赋值为nil,包括aweak变量.
Memo1.Lines.Add(Format('Ptr:%d', [NativeInt(Pointer(aweak))]));
end;
运行结果:
Ptr:16360080
Ptr:0
weak引用非常适合用于两个对象需要互相引用的情况下,如果以往的引用,将无法让引用计数器清0.
如下面的例子,互相引用后,两个对象的计数器都不清0,导致内存泄漏
type
ISimpleInterface = interface
procedure DoSomething;
procedure AddObjectRef (simple: ISimpleInterface);
end;
TObjectOne = class (TInterfacedObject, ISimpleInterface)
private
anotherObj: ISimpleInterface;
public
procedure DoSomething;
procedure AddObjectRef (simple: ISimpleInterface);
end;
.....................
procedure TObjectOne.AddObjectRef (simple: ISimpleInterface);
begin
anotherObj:=simple;
end;
.....................
var
one, two: ISimpleInterface;
begin
one := TObjectOne.Create;
two := TObjectOne.Create;
one.AddObjectRef (two);
two.AddObjectRef (one);
这时候在Delphi XE10.1 Berlin下可以用weak引用,来快速方便的解决泄漏问题:
private
[weak] anotherObj: ISimpleInterface;
2.UnSafe
unsafe引用,不影响引用计数,但不会向Weak引用那样清零引用的变量。
type
TA=class(TInterfacedObject)
end;
procedure TForm1.Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
var
a:IInterface;
[unsafe]aunsafe:IInterface;
begin
a:=TA.Create;
aunsafe:=a;
Memo1.Lines.Add(Format('Ptr:%d', [NativeInt(Pointer(aunsafe))]));
a:=nil;
Memo1.Lines.Add(Format('Ptr:%d', [NativeInt(Pointer(aunsafe))]));
end;
运行结果
Ptr:42640064
Ptr:42640064
由于Unsafe引用,不影响应用计数器,下面的程序将导致内存泄漏:
procedure TForm1.Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
var
[unsafe] one: ISomeInterface;
begin
one := TSomeObject.Create;
one.DoSomething;
end;
//在程序退出时引用计数没有清零导致内存泄漏,需手工将引用计数清零。
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