Python从ZabbixAPI获取信息及实现Zabbix-API 监控的方法

python编写从zabbixapi获取信息

此脚本用python3.6执行是ok的。
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import json
import urllib.request, urllib.error, urllib.parse
class zabbixapi:
 def __init__(self):
  self.__url = 'http://192.168.56.102/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php'
  self.__user = 'admin'
  self.__password = 'zabbix'
  self.__header = {"content-type": "application/json-rpc"}
  self.__token_id = self.userlogin()
 #登陆获取token
 def userlogin(self):
  data = {
   "jsonrpc": "2.0",
   "method": "user.login",
   "params": {
    "user": self.__user,
    "password": self.__password
   },
   "id": 0,
  }
  return self.postrequest(data)
 #推送请求
 def postrequest(self, data):
  request = urllib.request.request(self.__url,json.dumps(data).encode('utf-8'),self.__header)
  result = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
  response = json.loads(result.read().decode('utf-8'))
  try:
   # print response['result']
   return response['result']
  except keyerror:
   raise keyerror
 #主机列表
 def hostget(self,hostid=none,hostip=none):
  data = {
   "jsonrpc":"2.0",
   "method":"host.get",
   "params":{
    "output":"extend",
    "selectgroups": "extend",
    "selectparenttemplates": ["templateid","name"],
    "selectinterfaces": ["interfaceid","ip"],
    "selectinventory": ["os"],
    "selectitems":["itemid","name"],
    "selectgraphs":["graphid","name"],
    "selectapplications":["applicationid","name"],
    "selecttriggers":["triggerid","name"],
    "selectscreens":["screenid","name"]
   },
   "auth": self.__token_id,
   "id":1,
  }
  if hostid:
   data["params"]={
    "output": "extend",
    "hostids": hostid,
    "sortfield": "name"
   }
  return self.postrequest(data)
 #主机列表
 def hostcreate(self,hostname,hostip,groupid=none,templateid=none):
  data = {
   "jsonrpc":"2.0",
   "method":"host.create",
   "params": {
    "host": hostname,
    "interfaces": [
     {
      "type": 1,
      "main": 1,
      "useip": 1,
      "ip": hostip,
      "dns": "",
      "port": "10050"
     }
    ],
    "groups": [
     {
      "groupid": groupid
     }
    ],
    "templates": [
     {
      "templateid": templateid
     }
    ]
   },
   "auth": self.__token_id,
   "id":1,
  }
  return self.postrequest(data)
 #主机组列表
 def hostgroupget(self,hostid=none,itemid=none):
  data = {
   "jsonrpc":"2.0",
   "method":"hostgroup.get",
   "params":{
    "output": "extend",
    "hostids": hostid,
    "itemids": itemid,
    "sortfield": "name"
   },
   "auth": self.__token_id,
   "id":1,
  }
  return self.postrequest(data)
 #监控项列表
 def itemget(self,hostid=none,itemid=none):
  data = {
   "jsonrpc":"2.0",
   "method": "item.get",
   "params": {
    "output": "extend",
    "hostids": hostid,
    "itemids": itemid,
    "sortfield": "name"
   },
   "auth": self.__token_id,
   "id":1,
  }
  return self.postrequest(data)
 #模板列表
 def templateget(self, hostid=none,templateid=none):
  data = {
   "jsonrpc":"2.0",
   "method": "template.get",
   "params": {
    "output": "extend",
    "hostids": hostid,
    "templateids": templateid,
    "sortfield": "name"
   },
   "auth": self.__token_id,
   "id":1,
  }
  return self.postrequest(data)
 #图像列表
 def graphget(self,hostid=none,graphid=none):
  data = {
   "jsonrpc":"2.0",
   "method": "graph.get",
   "params": {
    "output": "extend",
    "hostids": hostid,
    "graphids": graphid,
    "sortfield": "name"
   },
   "auth": self.__token_id,
   "id":1,
  }
  return self.postrequest(data)
 #历史数据
 def history(self,itemid,data_type):
  data = {
   "jsonrpc": "2.0",
   "method": "history.get",
   "params": {
    "output": "extend",
    "history": data_type,
    "itemids": itemid,
    "sortfield": "clock",
    "sortorder": "desc",
    "limit": 30
   },
   "auth": self.__token_id,
   "id": 2
  }
  return self.postrequest(data)
#测试：python manager.py shell ; from zabbix.zabbixapi import * ; main()，代码修改了要ctrl+z退出重进
def main():
 zapi=zabbixapi()
 token=zapi.userlogin()
 print(token)
 #39378ec03aa101c2b17d1d2bd6f4ef16
 hosts=zapi.hostget()
 print(hosts)
 #[{u'host': u'zabbix server', u'hostid': u'10084', u'interfaces': [{u'interfaceid': u'1', u'ip': u'127.0.0.1'}]}]
if __name__ == '__main__':
 main()

下面看下使用python实现 zabbix-api 监控的方法

做运维的朋友应该知道，公司idc机房经常有上架、下架、报修和报废的服务器。如果服务器数量很多的时候很容易造成监控遗漏。

       大的互联网公司把监控系统和cmdb（资产管理系统|配置管理数据库系统）集成在一起，当上架一台新机器的时候cmdb里面会记录相关的信息，zabbix根据cmdb里面信息自动link相关的模块，添加|删除监控。很多小的公司没有资产管理系统，但作为监控的负责人应该每天知道上架了哪些新的机器，确保能添加到zabbix监控里面。
      首先给大家说一下脚本思路：

1）通过nmap工具扫描网段，扫描出已经使用的ip地址。
2）通过nmap检测已经扫描ip的3389或者22端口是否开放，可以判断那些事windows机器，那些是linux机器。
3）linux下面通过ssh + hostname命令找出linux主机名。
4）windows下面通过nmblookup -a 命令找出windows主机名。
5）用python脚本读扫描结果文件，把主机名写到列表里面。
6）用zabbix python api 调用已经监控的主机名，写到列表里面。
7）两个列表取交集，用for循环判断哪些主机名没有监控。
8）发邮件通知监控负责人。

    下面我分享一下我写的python写的脚本，其中scan_machine.sh是我调用的用shell写的关于nmap扫描的脚本，scan_hostname.log是nmap扫描的结果，里面内容是ip 主机名。

#!/usr/bin/env python#create by:sfzhang 20140820#coding=utf-8import os,sysimport jsonimport urllib2import datetime,timefrom urllib2 import urlerror
nmap_cmd = "/shell/machine/scan_machine.sh"def runcmd(command):
 global mail_cmd
 mail_cmd = '''mail -s "report on not monitor hosts of zabbix" shifeng_zhang88 < /shell/machine/result/result.txt'''
 return os.system(command)runcmd(nmap_cmd)def nmap_host():
 hostiplst = []
 hostnamelst = []
 f = file('/shell/machine/result/scan_hostname.log')
 for line in f.readlines():
 hostip = line.split()[0]
 hostname = line.split()[1]
 hostiplst.append(hostip)
 hostnamelst.append(hostname)
 hostnamelst.sort()
 #print hostiplst
 return hostnamelst
 f.close()def zabbix_host():
 zabbixhostlst= []
 #based url and required header
 url = "http://192.168.161.128/api_jsonrpc.php"
 header = {"content-type": "application/json"}
 #request json
 data = json.dumps(
 { 
 "jsonrpc": "2.0",
 "method": "host.get",
 "params":{
  "output":["hostid","name"],
  "filter":{"host":""}
 }, 
 #auth id
 "auth":"zabbix auth id",
 "id": 1,
 })
 #create request object
 request = urllib2.request(url,data)
 for key in header: 
 request.add_header(key,header[key])
 #get host list
 try:
 result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
 except urlerror as e:
 print "the server could not fulfill the request.",e.reason else:
 reponse = json.loads(result.read())
 result.close()
 #print "number of hosts:",len(reponse['result'])
 for host in reponse['result']:
  #print "host id:",host['hostid'],"host name:",host['name']
  zbxhosts=host['name']
  zabbixhostlst.append(zbxhosts)
 zabbixhostlst.sort()
 return zabbixhostlst def main():
 nmaphostlst = nmap_host() 
 zbxhostlst = zabbix_host() 
 diff = list(set(nmaphostlst) ^ set(zbxhostlst)) 
 content = "\n"
 nomonitorlst = [] 
 if len(diff) != 0: 
 for host in diff: 
  if host in nmaphostlst: 
  nomonitorlst.append(host)
 else: 
 sys.exit()
 #print zbxhostlst
 string = '\n'.join(nomonitorlst)
 f = file('/shell/machine/result/result.txt','w')
 f.write(string)
 f.flush()
 f.close()
 runcmd(mail_cmd)if __name__ == "__main__": 
 main()

   把脚本添加到crontab,每台会收到关于那些主机没有添加监控的信息。

 总结：

     1）zabbix api相关信息可以查看官方详细资料，看不懂英文的可以参考下面这篇文档。

     2）通过该脚本可以知道那些主机没有添加监控，希望对大家有帮助，如果有更好的解决方法欢迎多多交流。 

以上所述是小编给大家介绍的使用python脚本实现zabbix-api 监控，希望对大家有所帮助