49.Qt-网络编程之QTCPSocket和QTCPServer(实现简易网络调试助手)

在上章 48.qt-网络通信讲解1,我们学习了网络通信基础后,本章便来实战一篇.源码正在整理中,等下贴地址.

ps:支持客户端和服务器,提供源码,并且服务器支持多客户端连入,并且可以指定与个别客户端发送数据,也可以给所有连入的客户端发送数据.

1.效果图所下所示:

 

如下图所示,当服务器状态下,如果有客户端连入,会提示客户端信息:

 

2.效果操作

客户端操作:

 

服务器操作:

从上面操作可以看出,服务器支持多客户端连入,并且可以指定与个别客户端发送数据,也可以给所有连入的客户端发送数据.

3.首先创建ui

 

4.注意事项

不管是服务器还是客户端,都可以通过peeraddress()和peerport()来获取目标地址和目标端口

4.1服务器监听时

比如服务器,则可以通过qtcpsocket的peeraddress()则可以获取连入的客户端地址

也可以通过children()来获取所有连入的客户端(需要注意的是也会获取到服务器本身的tcp地址和端口),示例如下:

qlist<qtcpsocket *> m_tcps = m_server.findchildren<qtcpsocket *>();
foreach (qtcpsocket *tcp, m_tcps)
{
        qdebug() << "address:" << tcp->peeraddress ();
        qdebug() << "port:" << tcp->peerport  ();
}

如果我们只向连入的客户端某个端口发送数据时,就可以通过上面的方式筛选出来.

这样做的话如果觉得很麻烦,也可以将之前连接上的客户端存到qlist里再进行筛选.

4.2 qtcpsocket步骤

• 首先通过connecttohost()来连接服务器.
• 然后调用waitforconnected()来判断是否连接服务器超时
• 当我们接收到服务器数据的时候,则会发出readyread()信号,然后再进行read ()读取发来的数据
• 发送数据时,则调用write()函数进行发送,当byteswritten()信号函数触发时,便可以获取成功发送的数据长度.

注意:如果read到的数据长度量不是自己想要的,此时我们便可以通过bytesavailable()来读取接收到的数据长度量.当达到多少时,再进行read ()读取.

 

4.3 qtcpserver步骤

• 首先通过listen(qhostaddress::anyipv4, port)来监听所有来自ipv4的客户端
• 当有新的客户端连接服务器的时候,会自动触发newconnection()信号函数,然后我们可以通过通过qtcpsocket * nextpendingconnection()成员函数来获取当前连接上的新的客户端类.然后再对qtcpsocket来进行信号槽绑定
• 当客户端发来数据的时候,则可以通过我们定义的onserverdataready()来读取数据
• 当我们向某个连接的客户端发送数据时,则通过m_server.findchildren()来筛选出来,然后write即可.

 

5.代码介绍

5.1  头文件介绍

#ifndef widget_h
#define widget_h

#include <qwidget>
#include <qtcpsocket>
#include <qtcpserver>
#include <qmessagebox>

namespace ui {
class widget;
}

class widget : public qwidget
{
    q_object

    qtcpsocket m_client;
    qtcpserver m_server;
    qstring targetaddr;
    int targetport;
public:
    explicit widget(qwidget *parent = 0);
    ~widget();
private slots:
    void on_btn_switch_clicked();
    void on_tcpmode_currentindexchanged(int index);
    void on_btn_send_clicked();             //发送按钮
    void on_betn_clear_clicked();           //清空按钮

    //客户端槽函数
    void onclientconnected();
    void onclientdisconnected();
    void onclientdataready();
    void onclientbyteswritten(qint64 bytes);
    void onclienterr(qabstractsocket::socketerror socketerror);

    //服务器槽函数
    void onservernewconnection();
    void onserverconnected();
    void onserverdisconnected();
    void onserverdataready();
    void onserverbyteswritten(qint64 bytes);
private:
    void startconnect(bool ison);

    void initclientsignals();   //初始化客户端信号槽
    bool startclient();         //启动客户端

    void initserversignals();   //初始化客户端信号槽
    bool startserver();     //启动服务器

    ui::widget *ui;
};

#endif // widget_h

5.2  widget.cpp介绍

该cpp主要是用来处理界面操作的函数

#include "widget.h"
#include "ui_widget.h"

widget::widget(qwidget *parent) :
    qwidget(parent),
    ui(new ui::widget)
{
    ui->setupui(this);
    startconnect(false);
    on_tcpmode_currentindexchanged(0);
    initclientsignals();        //初始化客户端信号槽
    initserversignals();        //初始化服务器信号槽

    //限制只能数字输入
    qregexp regx("[0-9]+$");
    qvalidator *validator = new qregexpvalidator(regx, this );
    ui->ipaddr1->setvalidator( validator );
    ui->ipaddr2->setvalidator( validator );
    ui->ipaddr3->setvalidator( validator );
    ui->ipaddr4->setvalidator( validator );
    ui->ipport->setvalidator( validator );
}
void widget::on_tcpmode_currentindexchanged(int index)
{
    if(index==0)        //clent
    {
        ui->ipportlabel->settext("服务器端口号:");
        ui->ipaddlabel->show();
        ui->ipadds->show();
        ui->targetlabel->hide();
        ui->targetobject->hide();
    }
    else
    {
        ui->ipaddlabel->hide();
        ui->ipadds->hide();
        ui->ipportlabel->settext("本地端口号:");
    }
}

void widget::on_btn_switch_clicked()        //切换连接开关
{
    bool ret;
    if(ui->btn_switch->text()=="打开连接")
    {
        if(ui->tcpmode->currentindex()==0)  //启动客户端
           ret=startclient() ;
        else
            ret=startserver();
        if(ret)
            startconnect(true);
    }
    else
    {
        if(ui->tcpmode->currentindex()==0)  //启动客户端
          m_client.close();
        else
        {
            if( m_server.islistening() )
            {
                qlist<qtcpsocket *> m_tcps = m_server.findchildren<qtcpsocket *>();
                foreach (qtcpsocket *tcp, m_tcps)
                {
                    tcp->close();
                }
                m_server.close();
            }
        }
        startconnect(false);
    }
}


void widget::startconnect(bool ison)
{
    if(!ison)
    {
        ui->btn_switch->setstylesheet("color:blue;border: 1px solid blue");
        ui->btn_switch->settext("打开连接");

        //使能
        ui->ipaddr1->setenabled(true);
        ui->ipaddr2->setenabled(true);
        ui->ipaddr3->setenabled(true);
        ui->ipaddr4->setenabled(true);
        ui->tcpmode->setenabled(true);
        ui->ipport->setenabled(true);
        ui->localport->settext("");
    }
    else
    {
        ui->btn_switch->setstylesheet("color:red;border: 1px solid red");
        ui->btn_switch->settext("关闭连接");
        //失能
        ui->ipaddr1->setenabled(false);
        ui->ipaddr2->setenabled(false);
        ui->ipaddr3->setenabled(false);
        ui->ipaddr4->setenabled(false);
        ui->tcpmode->setenabled(false);
        ui->ipport->setenabled(false);
        targetaddr="";
        targetport=0;
        ui->sendlenlabel->settext("0");
    }
}

void widget::on_betn_clear_clicked()
{
   ui->recvedit->clear();
   targetaddr="";
   targetport=0;
}

void widget::on_btn_send_clicked()
{
    if(ui->btn_switch->text()!="打开连接")
    {
        if(ui->tcpmode->currentindex()==0)  //客户端
        {
            m_client.write(ui->sendedit->toplaintext().tolocal8bit(),ui->sendedit->toplaintext().tolocal8bit().length());
        }
        else
        {
            if(ui->targetobject->currenttext()!="所有对象")
            {
                qlist<qtcpsocket *> m_tcps = m_server.findchildren<qtcpsocket *>();
                foreach (qtcpsocket *tcp, m_tcps)
                {
                    if(ui->targetobject->currenttext() == tcp->objectname())
                    {
                        tcp->write(ui->sendedit->toplaintext().tolocal8bit(),ui->sendedit->toplaintext().tolocal8bit().length());
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            else            //所有连接上的客户端都发送一遍
            {
                qlist<qtcpsocket *> m_tcps = m_server.findchildren<qtcpsocket *>();
                foreach (qtcpsocket *tcp, m_tcps)
                {
                    tcp->write(ui->sendedit->toplaintext().tolocal8bit(),ui->sendedit->toplaintext().tolocal8bit().length());
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

widget::~widget()
{
    qlist<qtcpsocket *> m_tcps = m_server.findchildren<qtcpsocket *>();
    foreach (qtcpsocket *tcp, m_tcps)
    {
        tcp->close();
    }
    if(m_client.isopen())
    {
        m_client.close();
         qdebug()<<"m_client close";
    }
    delete ui;
}

5.3 clenthandler.cpp介绍

该cpp主要用来处理客户端操作相关的文件.

#include "widget.h"
#include "ui_widget.h"

void widget::initclientsignals()  //初始化客户端信号槽
{
    connect(&m_client, signal(connected()), this, slot(onclientconnected()));
    connect(&m_client, signal(disconnected()), this, slot(onclientdisconnected()));
    connect(&m_client, signal(readyread()), this, slot(onclientdataready()));
    connect(&m_client, signal(byteswritten(qint64)), this, slot(onclientbyteswritten(qint64)));
    connect(&m_client, signal(error(qabstractsocket::socketerror )), this, slot(onclienterr(qabstractsocket::socketerror)));
}
bool widget::startclient()         //启动客户端
{
    qstring ip = qstring("%1.%2.%3.%4").arg(ui->ipaddr1->text()).arg(ui->ipaddr2->text()).arg(ui->ipaddr3->text()).arg(ui->ipaddr4->text());
    qdebug()<<ip;
    m_client.connecttohost(ip, ui->ipport->text().toint());
    if(m_client.waitforconnected(800))
    {
        return true;
    }
    else
    {
        qmessagebox::information(this,"提示",qstring("连接超时"),qmessagebox::ok);
        return false;
    }
}

void widget::onclientconnected()
{
    startconnect(true);
    qmessagebox::information(this,"提示","连接成功",qmessagebox::ok);
    ui->localport->settext(qstring("%1").arg(m_client.localport())); //显示本地端口号
}
void widget::onclientdisconnected()
{
    startconnect(false);
    qmessagebox::information(this,"提示","断开完成",qmessagebox::ok);
}
void widget::onclientdataready()
{
    if(m_client.peeraddress().tostring()!=targetaddr || m_client.peerport()!=targetport  )
    {
        targetaddr = m_client.peeraddress().tostring();
        targetport = m_client.peerport();
        ui->recvedit->insertplaintext("[接受来自"+ targetaddr+":"+qstring("%1").arg(targetport)+"]:\r\n");
    }
    ui->recvedit->movecursor(qtextcursor::end);
    ui->recvedit->insertplaintext(qstring::fromlocal8bit(m_client.readall())+"\r\n");
}
void widget::onclientbyteswritten(qint64 bytes)
{
    qdebug() << "onbyteswritten:" << bytes;
    ui->sendlenlabel->settext(qstring("%1").arg(ui->sendlenlabel->text().toint()+bytes));
}

void  widget::onclienterr(qabstractsocket::socketerror socketerror)
{
    qdebug()<<"onclienterr:"<<socketerror;
    m_client.close();
    startconnect(false);
    qmessagebox::information(this,"提示",qstring("连接失败:%1").arg((int)socketerror),qmessagebox::ok);
}

5.4 serverhandler.cpp介绍

该cpp主要用来处理服务器操作相关的文件

#include "widget.h"
#include "ui_widget.h"

void widget::initserversignals()   //初始化信号槽
{
    connect(&m_server, signal(newconnection()), this, slot(onservernewconnection()));
}
bool widget::startserver()         //启动服务器
{
    if(m_server.listen(qhostaddress::anyipv4,ui->ipport->text().toint()))       //只监听ipv4的所有客户端
    {
        ui->targetlabel->show();
        ui->targetobject->show();
        ui->localport->settext(qstring("%1").arg(m_server.serverport()));
        return true;
    }
    else
       return false;
}
void widget::onservernewconnection()
{
    qdebug() << "onnewconnection";
    qtcpsocket* tcp = m_server.nextpendingconnection();     //获取新的客户端信息
    qstring info=tcp->peeraddress().tostring()+":"+qstring("%1").arg(tcp->peerport());
    ui->targetobject->additem(info);
    qmessagebox::information(this,"提示",qstring("新的客户端连入:%1").arg(info),qmessagebox::ok);
    tcp->setobjectname(info);       //设置名称,方便查找
    connect(tcp, signal(connected()), this, slot(onserverconnected()));
    connect(tcp, signal(disconnected()), this, slot(onserverdisconnected()));
    connect(tcp, signal(readyread()), this, slot(onserverdataready()));
    connect(tcp, signal(byteswritten(qint64)), this, slot(onserverbyteswritten(qint64)));
}
void widget::onserverconnected()
{

}

void widget::onserverdisconnected()
{
    qtcpsocket* tcp = dynamic_cast<qtcpsocket*>(sender());
    if( tcp != null )       //从连接对象中移除掉
    {
        qdebug() << "onserverdisconnected";
        qdebug() << "local address:" << tcp->peeraddress();
        qdebug() << "local port:" << tcp->peerport();
        qstring info=tcp->peeraddress().tostring()+":"+qstring("%1").arg(tcp->peerport());
        qmessagebox::information(this,"提示",qstring("客户端断开连接:%1").arg(info),qmessagebox::ok);

        int index = ui-> targetobject ->findtext(info);
        if(index>=0)
        ui->targetobject->removeitem(index);
    }
}
void widget::onserverdataready()
{
    qtcpsocket* tcp = dynamic_cast<qtcpsocket*>(sender());
    if(tcp->peeraddress().tostring()!=targetaddr || tcp->peerport()!=targetport  )
    {
        targetaddr = tcp->peeraddress().tostring();
        targetport = tcp->peerport();
        ui->recvedit->insertplaintext("[接受来自"+ targetaddr+":"+qstring("%1").arg(targetport)+"]:\r\n");
    }
    ui->recvedit->movecursor(qtextcursor::end);
    ui->recvedit->insertplaintext(qstring::fromlocal8bit(tcp->readall())+"\r\n");
}
void widget::onserverbyteswritten(qint64 bytes)
{
    qdebug() << "onbyteswritten:" << bytes;
    ui->sendlenlabel->settext(qstring("%1").arg(ui->sendlenlabel->text().toint()+bytes));
}