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怎样使用php与jquery设置和读取cookies

程序员文章站 2022-07-20 08:52:26
http协议是一种无状态协议，这意味着你对网站的每一个请求都是独立的，而且因此无法通过它自身保存数据。但这种简单性也是它在互联网早期就广泛传播的原因之一。不过，它仍然有一种...

http协议是一种无状态协议，这意味着你对网站的每一个请求都是独立的，而且因此无法通过它自身保存数据。但这种简单性也是它在互联网早期就广泛传播的原因之一。

不过，它仍然有一种方法能让你用cookies的形式来保存请求之间的信息。这种方法使你能够更有效率的进行会话管理和维持数据。

有两种处理cookies的方式—服务端(php,asp等)和客户端(javascript).在这个教程中，我们将学习到以php和javascript这两种方式如何去创建cookies。

cookies and php
 
setting cookies
在php中创建cookie你需要用到setcookie这个方法。它需要些参数(除了第一个参数是必需的，其它参数都是可选的)

复制代码 代码如下:

setcookie(
    'pagevisits', //cookie名字，必需的
     $visited,     //cookie的值
     time()+7*24*60*60, //过期时间,设置为一个星期
     '/',               //cookie可用的文件路径
     'demo.tutorialzine.com' //cookie绑定的域名
)

如果过期时间设置为0(默认设置也是0)，那么当浏览器重启时cookie将会丢失。
参数'/'表示你域名下所有文件路径cookie都可以用(当然你也可以为它设置单一的文件路径,例：'/admin/')。

你还可以传给个这个函数别两个额外的参数，这里没有给出。它们被规定为boolean类型的。
第一个参数表示cookie仅在一个安全的https连接才运转,而第二个参数表示不能使用javascript操作cookie。

对大多数人来说，你只需要第四个参数，剩下的就忽略了。

reading cookies
用php读取cookie就简单多了。所有的传给脚本的cookies都在$_cookie这个超级全局数组里。
在我们的例子里，可以用下面的代码来读取cookies:
复制代码 代码如下:

$visits = (int)$_cookie['pagevisits']+1;
echo "you visited this site: ".$visits." times";

值得注意的地方是,当下一个页面加载好时，也可以用$_cookie来取得你用setcookie方法设置的cookies,
你应该意识到了什么。

deleting cookies
为了删除cookies，仅仅需要用setcookie函数为cookies设置一个已经过去时间做为过期就行了。
复制代码 代码如下:

setcookie(
     'pagevisits',
      $visited,
      time()-7*24*60*60,  //设置为前一个星期，cookie将会被删除
      '/',
      'demo.tutorialzine.com'
)

cookies and jquery
在jquery中使用cookies，你需要一个插件cookie plugin.

setting cookies
用cookie plug-in设置cookies是很直观的:
复制代码 代码如下:

$(document).ready(function(){ 

     // setting a kittens cookie, it will be lost on browser restart: 
     $.cookie("kittens","seven kittens"); 

     // setting democookie (as seen in the demonstration): 
     $.cookie("democookie",text,{expires: 7, path: '/', domain: 'demo.tutorialzine.com'}); 

     // "text" is a variable holding the string to be saved 
 });

reading cookies
读取cookie甚至更简单，只需要调用$.cookie()方法，给它一个cookie-name就可以了,这个方法会返回cookie的值:
复制代码 代码如下:

 $(document).ready(function(){ 

     // getting the kittens cookie: 
     var str = $.cookie("kittens"); 

     // str now contains "seven kittens" 
 });

deleting cookies
删除cookie，只需要在次使得$.cookie()方法,把第二个参数设置为null就可以了。
复制代码 代码如下:

 $(document).ready(function(){ 

     // deleting the kittens cookie: 
     var str = $.cookie("kittens",null); 

     // no more kittens 
 });

完整例子：
demo.php
复制代码 代码如下:

<?php
// always set cookies before any data or html are printed to the page
$visited = (int)$_cookie['pagevisits'] + 1;
setcookie( 'pagevisits',    // name of the cookie, required
     $visited,     // the value of the cookie
   time()+7*24*60*60,   // expiration time, set for a week in the future
   '/',      // folder path, the cookie will be available for all scripts in every folder of the site
   'demo.tutorialzine.com'); // domain to which the cookie will be locked
?>
<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd xhtml 1.0 strict//en" "http://www.w3.org/tr/xhtml1/dtd/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>microtut: getting and setting cookies with jquery & php | tutorialzine demo</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css" mce_href="styles.css" />
<mce:script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.4.2/jquery.min.js" mce_src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.4.2/jquery.min.js"></mce:script>
<mce:script type="text/javascript" src="jquery.cookie.js" mce_src="jquery.cookie.js"></mce:script>
<mce:script type="text/javascript"><!--
$(document).ready(function(){

 var cookie = $.cookie('democookie');

 // if the cookie has been set in a previous page load, show it in the div directly:
 if(cookie) $('.jq-text').text(cookie).show();

        
 $('.fields a').click(function(e){
  var text = $('#inputbox').val();

  // setting a cookie with a seven day validity:
  $.cookie('democookie',text,{expires: 7, path: '/', domain: 'demo.tutorialzine.com'});

  $('.jq-text').text(text).slidedown('slow');

  e.preventdefault();
 });

 $('#form1').submit(function(e){ e.preventdefault(); })
})
// --></mce:script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>microtut: getting and setting cookies with jquery & php</h1>
<h2>go back <a href="http://tutorialzine.com/2010/03/microtut-getting-setting-cookies-jquery-php/" mce_href="http://tutorialzine.com/2010/03/microtut-getting-setting-cookies-jquery-php/">to the tutorial »</a></h2>
<div class="section">
 <div class="counter"><?php echo $visited?></div>
    <p>the number above indicates how many times you've visited this page (php cookie). reload to test.</p>
</div>

<div class="section">

    <div class="jq-text"></div>
 <form action="" method="get" id="form1">
     <div class="fields">
         <input type="text" id="inputbox" />
            <a href="">save</a>
        </div>
    </form>
    <p>write some text in the field above and click save. it will be saved between page reloads with a jquery cookie.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>


jquery.cookie.js
复制代码 代码如下:

/**
 * cookie plugin
 *
 * copyright (c) 2006 klaus hartl (stilbuero.de)
 * dual licensed under the mit and gpl licenses:
 * http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
 * http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html
 *
 */
/**
 * create a cookie with the given name and value and other optional parameters.
 *
 * @example $.cookie('the_cookie', 'the_value');
 * @desc set the value of a cookie.
 * @example $.cookie('the_cookie', 'the_value', { expires: 7, path: '/', domain: 'jquery.com', secure: true });
 * @desc create a cookie with all available options.
 * @example $.cookie('the_cookie', 'the_value');
 * @desc create a session cookie.
 * @example $.cookie('the_cookie', null);
 * @desc delete a cookie by passing null as value. keep in mind that you have to use the same path and domain
 *       used when the cookie was set.
 *
 * @param string name the name of the cookie.
 * @param string value the value of the cookie.
 * @param object options an object literal containing key/value pairs to provide optional cookie attributes.
 * @option number|date expires either an integer specifying the expiration date from now on in days or a date object.
 *                             if a negative value is specified (e.g. a date in the past), the cookie will be deleted.
 *                             if set to null or omitted, the cookie will be a session cookie and will not be retained
 *                             when the the browser exits.
 * @option string path the value of the path atribute of the cookie (default: path of page that created the cookie).
 * @option string domain the value of the domain attribute of the cookie (default: domain of page that created the cookie).
 * @option boolean secure if true, the secure attribute of the cookie will be set and the cookie transmission will
 *                        require a secure protocol (like https).
 * @type undefined
 *
 * @name $.cookie
 * @cat plugins/cookie
 * @author klaus hartl/klaus.hartl@stilbuero.de
 */
/**
 * get the value of a cookie with the given name.
 *
 * @example $.cookie('the_cookie');
 * @desc get the value of a cookie.
 *
 * @param string name the name of the cookie.
 * @return the value of the cookie.
 * @type string
 *
 * @name $.cookie
 * @cat plugins/cookie
 * @author klaus hartl/klaus.hartl@stilbuero.de
 */
jquery.cookie = function(name, value, options) {
    if (typeof value != 'undefined') { // name and value given, set cookie
        options = options || {};
        if (value === null) {
            value = '';
            options.expires = -1;
        }
        var expires = '';
        if (options.expires && (typeof options.expires == 'number' || options.expires.toutcstring)) {
            var date;
            if (typeof options.expires == 'number') {
                date = new date();
                date.settime(date.gettime() + (options.expires * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000));
            } else {
                date = options.expires;
            }
            expires = '; expires=' + date.toutcstring(); // use expires attribute, max-age is not supported by ie
        }
        // caution: needed to parenthesize options.path and options.domain
        // in the following expressions, otherwise they evaluate to undefined
        // in the packed version for some reason...
        var path = options.path ? '; path=' + (options.path) : '';
        var domain = options.domain ? '; domain=' + (options.domain) : '';
        var secure = options.secure ? '; secure' : '';
        document.cookie = [name, '=', encodeuricomponent(value), expires, path, domain, secure].join('');
    } else { // only name given, get cookie
        var cookievalue = null;
        if (document.cookie && document.cookie != '') {
            var cookies = document.cookie.split(';');
            for (var i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) {
                var cookie = jquery.trim(cookies[i]);
                // does this cookie string begin with the name we want?
                if (cookie.substring(0, name.length + 1) == (name + '=')) {
                    cookievalue = decodeuricomponent(cookie.substring(name.length + 1));
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        return cookievalue;
    }
};

styles.css
复制代码 代码如下:

*{
 margin:0;
 padding:0;
}
body{
 /* setting default text color, background and a font stack */
 color:#555555;
 font-size:0.825em;
 background: #fcfcfc;
 font-family:arial, helvetica, sans-serif;
}
.section{
 margin:0 auto 60px;
 text-align:center;
 width:600px;
}
.counter{
 color:#79cef1;
 font-size:180px;
}
.jq-text{
 display:none;
 color:#79cef1;
 font-size:80px;
}
p{
 font-size:11px;
 padding:0 200px;
}
form{
 margin-bottom:15px;
}
input[type=text]{
 border:1px solid #bbbbbb;
 color:#444444;
 font-family:arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif;
 font-size:14px;
 letter-spacing:1px;
 padding:2px 4px;
}
/* the styles below are only necessary for the styling of the demo page: */
h1{
 background:#f4f4f4;
 border-bottom:1px solid #eeeeee;
 font-size:20px;
 font-weight:normal;
 margin-bottom:15px;
 padding:15px;
 text-align:center;
}
h2 {
 font-size:12px;
 font-weight:normal;
 padding-right:40px;
 position:relative;
 right:0;
 text-align:right;
 text-transform:uppercase;
 top:-48px;
}
a, a:visited {
 color:#0196e3;
 text-decoration:none;
 outline:none;
}
a:hover{
 text-decoration:underline;
}
.clear{
 clear:both;
}
h1,h2,p.tutinfo{
 font-family:"myriad pro",arial,helvetica,sans-serif;
}

结束语:
关于cookie的使用，你需要注意的是不要把一些敏感信息(例如用户名、密码)保存在cookies中，
为因当每一个页面加载时cookies都会和headers一样传递到页面，很容易被不法份子截取到。
但是，只要有适当的预防措施，你就可以用这个简单的技术实现大量的互动。

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