Kubernetes 应用编排、管理与运维
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2022-07-13 10:49:46
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一、kubectl 运维命令
kubectl controls the Kubernetes cluster manager.
Find more information at: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/overview/
Basic Commands (Beginner):
create Create a resource from a file or from stdin.
expose 使用 replication controller, service, deployment 或者 pod 并暴露它作为一个 新的 Kubernetes Service
run 在集群中运行一个指定的镜像
set 为 objects 设置一个指定的特征
Basic Commands (Intermediate):
explain 查看资源的文档
get 显示一个或更多 resources
edit 在服务器上编辑一个资源
delete Delete resources by filenames, stdin, resources and names, or by resources and label selector
Deploy Commands:
rollout Manage the rollout of a resource
scale Set a new size for a Deployment, ReplicaSet or Replication Controller
autoscale 自动调整一个 Deployment, ReplicaSet, 或者 ReplicationController 的副本数量
Cluster Management Commands:
certificate 修改 certificate 资源.
cluster-info 显示集群信息
top Display Resource (CPU/Memory/Storage) usage.
cordon 标记 node 为 unschedulable
uncordon 标记 node 为 schedulable
drain Drain node in preparation for maintenance
taint 更新一个或者多个 node 上的 taints
Troubleshooting and Debugging Commands:
describe 显示一个指定 resource 或者 group 的 resources 详情
logs 输出容器在 pod 中的日志
attach Attach 到一个运行中的 container
exec 在一个 container 中执行一个命令
port-forward Forward one or more local ports to a pod
proxy 运行一个 proxy 到 Kubernetes API server
cp 复制 files 和 directories 到 containers 和从容器中复制 files 和 directories.
auth Inspect authorization
Advanced Commands:
diff Diff live version against would-be applied version
apply 通过文件名或标准输入流(stdin)对资源进行配置
patch 使用 strategic merge patch 更新一个资源的 field(s)
replace 通过 filename 或者 stdin替换一个资源
wait Experimental: Wait for a specific condition on one or many resources.
convert 在不同的 API versions 转换配置文件
kustomize Build a kustomization target from a directory or a remote url.
Settings Commands:
label 更新在这个资源上的 labels
annotate 更新一个资源的注解
completion Output shell completion code for the specified shell (bash or zsh)
Other Commands:
alpha Commands for features in alpha
api-resources Print the supported API resources on the server
api-versions Print the supported API versions on the server, in the form of "group/version"
config 修改 kubeconfig 文件
plugin Provides utilities for interacting with plugins.
version 输出 client 和 server 的版本信息
Usage:
kubectl [flags] [options]
Use "kubectl <command> --help" for more information about a given command.
Use "kubectl options" for a list of global command-line options (applies to all commands).
二、kubectl 命令详解：
#查看
#查看所有对象
kubectl get all
#查看namespace
kubectl get namespace
# 查看 node
kubectl get nodes
kubectl get node <node-name> -o yaml ##查看node的 yaml 文件
kubectl get node --show-labels ##查看node的标签
#查看所有namespace的pods运行情况
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
查看Pod所有标签
kubectl get pods --show-labels
查看标签env=dev的Pods
kubectl get pods --show-labels -l env=dev
查看标签env=dev并tie=front的Pods
kubectl get pods --show-labels -l env=dev,tie=front
查看标签env=test,dev的Pods
kubectl get pods --show-labels -l 'env in (test,dev)'
根据标签查看pods
kubectl get pods -l app=nginx
#查看具体pods，记得后边跟namespace名字哦
kubectl get pods kubernetes-dashboard-76479d66bb-nj8wr --namespace=kube-system
# 查看pods具体信息
kubectl get pods -o wide kubernetes-dashboard-76479d66bb-nj8wr --namespace=kube-system
# 查看 pod 的 yaml 信息
#kubectl get pod kubernetes-dashboard-latest-3665071062-b5k84 --namespace=kube-system -o yaml
# 查看 pod 动态
kubectl get pod --watch ## kubectl get pod -w
# 查看 pod 调度信息
kubectl get pod -o wide
# 查看集群健康状态
kubectl get cs
# 获取所有deployment
kubectl get deployment --all-namespaces
# 查看具体的 deployment
kubectl get deployment nginx-app
# 查看 replicaset
kubectl get replicasets ## kubectl get rs
# 查看rc和servers
kubectl get rc,svc
kubectl get replicaset ## kubectl get rc
kubectl get service ## kubectl get svc
# 查看DaemonSet
Kubectl get ds
kubectl get daemonsets
# 查看pods结构信息（重点，通过这个看日志分析错误）
# 对控制器和服务，node同样有效
kubectl describe pods xxxxpodsname --namespace=xxxnamespace
# 查看pod日志
kubectl logs $POD_NAME
# 查看pod变量
kubectl exec my-nginx-5j8ok -- printenv | grep SERVICE
# 查看deployment动态
kubectl get --watch deployments
# 查看 statefulset
kubectl get sts ## kubectl get statefulsets
# 查看endpoint
kubectl get endpoints
kubectl get endpoints --all-namespaces
# 查看job,cronjobs
kubectl get jobs
kubectl describe job tj-org-import-job-1596090600
kubectl get cronjobs
kubectl get cronjobs tj-org-import-job -o yaml
# 查看pvc,pv
kubectl get pvc
kubectl get pv
# 查看 serviceaccout
kubectl get serviceaccout
kubectl get serviceaccout default
kubectl get serviceaccout default -o yaml
kubectl get serviceaccount --all-namespace ## kubectl get sa --all-namespace
# 查看 secret
kubectl get secret
kubectl get secret default-token-xxxx -o yaml
echo -n "xxxxx" | base64 --decode ## base64解码
# 查看 role,rolebinding
kubectl get role
kubectl get clusterrole
kubectl get rolebinding
kubectl get clusterrolebinding
# 查看 configmap
kubectl get configmap
# 查看 component status
kubectl get cs ## kubectl get componentstatus
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
controller-manager Healthy ok
scheduler Healthy ok
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
# 查看资源的文档
kubectl explain pods ##查看pod提供的完整配置字段
kubectl explain pods.metadata ##查看pod.metadata提供的完整配置字段
kubectl explain pod.spec ##查看pod.sepc提供的完整配置字段
kubectl explain pod.spec.containers
kubectl explain pod.spec.containers.livenessProbe
# 集群
# 查看集群健康状态
kubectl get cs
# 集群核心组件运行情况
kubectl cluster-info
# 表空间名
kubectl get namespaces
# Server，Client版本
kubectl version
# API 版本
kubectl api-versions
# 查看事件
kubectl get events
//获取全部节点
kubectl get nodes
//删除节点
kubectl delete node k8s2
# 查看变更进度
kubectl rollout status deploy nginx-test
# 创建
# 创建资源
kubectl create -f pod-demo.yaml ## -f file类型
kubectl create -f ./nginx.yaml
# 创建当前目录下的所有yaml资源
kubectl create -f .
# 使用多个文件创建资源
kubectl create -f ./nginx1.yaml -f ./mysql2.yaml
# 使用目录下的所有清单文件来创建资源
kubectl create -f ./dir
# 使用 url 来创建资源
kubectl create -f https://git.io/vPieo
#创建带有终端的pod
kubectl run -i --tty busybox --image=busybox
# 启动一个 nginx 实例
kubectl run nginx --image=nginx
#启动多个pod
kubectl run mybusybox --image=busybox --replicas=5
# 获取 pod 和 svc 的文档
kubectl explain pods
kubectl explain svc
# 更新
# 滚动更新 pod
kubectl rolling-update python-v1 -f python-v2.json frontend-v1
# 更新资源名称并更新镜像
kubectl rolling-update python-v1 python-v2 --image=image:v2
# 更新 pod 中的镜像
kubectl rolling-update python --image=image:v2
# 退出已存在的进行中的滚动更新
kubectl rolling-update python-v1 python-v2 --rollback
#为 nginx RC 创建服务，启用本地 80 端口连接到容器上的 8000 端口
kubectl expose rc nginx --port=80 --target-port=8000
#更新单容器 pod 的镜像版本（tag）到 v4
kubectl get pod nginx-pod -o yaml | sed 's/\(image: myimage\):.*$/\1:v4/' | kubectl replace -f -
# 添加标签
kubectl label pods nginx-pod new-label=awesome
# 添加注解
kubectl annotate pods nginx-pod icon-url=http://goo.gl/XXBTWq
升级Deployment
#kubectl set image deployment nginx-deployment nginx=nginx:1.9.1
查询升级状态
#kubectl rollout status deployment nginx-deployment
弹性扩/缩容
#kubectl scale deployment nginx-deployment --replicas=10
# 自动扩展 deployment
kubectl autoscale deployment nginx-deployment --min=10 --max=15 --cpu-percent=80 #回滚上一个的版本
kubectl rollout undo deployment nginx-deployment
#回滚到以前制定的版本
kubectl rollout undo deployment nginx-deployment --to-revision=3
#查看deployment历史修订版本
kubectl rollout history deployment nginx-deployment
#查看制定的版本deployment历史修订版本
kubectl rollout history deployment nginx-deployment --reversion=3
暂停/恢复
#kubectl rollout pause deployment nginx-deployment
#kubectl rollout resume deployment nginx-deployment
# 编辑资源
# 编辑名为 docker-registry 的 service
kubectl edit svc/docker-registry
# 编辑名为 nginx-deployment的deployment
kubectl edit deployment/nginx-deployment
# 动态伸缩，将foo副本集变成3个
kubectl scale --replicas=3 rs/foo
# 缩放“foo”中指定的资源。
kubectl scale --replicas=3 -f foo.yaml
# 将deployment/mysql从2个变成3个
kubectl scale --current-replicas=2 --replicas=3 deployment/mysql
# 变更多个控制器的数量
kubectl scale --replicas=5 rc/foo rc/bar rc/baz
# 查看变更进度
kubectl rollout status deploy deployment/mysql
kubectl edit configmap [configmapname]
kubectl edit deployment [deploymentname]
# 删除
# 删除 pod.json 文件中定义的类型和名称的 pod
kubectl delete -f ./pod.json
# 删除名为“baz”的 pod 和名为“foo”的 service
kubectl delete pod,service baz foo
# 删除具有 name=myLabel 标签的 pod 和 serivce
kubectl delete pods,services -l name=myLabel
# 删除 my-ns namespace下的所有 pod 和 serivce，包括尚未初始化的
kubectl -n my-ns delete po,svc --all
# 强制删除pod
kubectl delete pods prometheus-7fcfcb9f89-qkkf7 --grace-period=0 --force
强制删除rc
#kubectl delete rc nginx-controller --force --cascade=false ##删除RC，不删除Pod，默认是级联删除
强制删除deployment
#kubectl delete deployment kubernetes-dashboard-latest --namespace=kube-system --force=true --cascade=false
# 删除yaml 文件对应的pod
kubectl delete -f pod-demo.yaml ## -f file类型
kubectl delete rc --cascade=false ##删除RC，不删除Pod，默认是级联删除 kubectl delete replicationcontrollers
# 交互
# dump 输出 pod 的日志（stdout）
kubectl logs nginx-pod
# dump 输出 pod 中容器的日志（stdout，pod 中有多个容器的情况下使用）
kubectl logs -f <pod-name> -c <container-name>
kubectl logs nginx-pod -c my-container
docker logs -f <docker-name>
# 流式输出 pod 的日志（stdout）
kubectl logs -f nginx-pod
# 流式输出 pod 中容器的日志（stdout，pod 中有多个容器的情况下使用）
kubectl logs -f nginx-pod -c my-container
# 交互式 shell 的方式运行 pod
kubectl run -i --tty busybox --image=busybox -- sh
# 连接到运行中的容器
kubectl attach nginx-pod -i
# 转发 pod 中的 6000 端口到本地的 5000 端口
kubectl port-forward nginx-pod 5000:6000
# 在已存在的容器中执行命令（只有一个容器的情况下）
kubectl exec nginx-pod -- ls /
# 在已存在的容器中执行命令（pod 中有多个容器的情况下）
kubectl exec nginx-pod -c my-container -- ls /
# 显示指定 pod和容器的指标度量
kubectl top pod POD_NAME --containers
进入一个正在运行的Pod
#kubectl exec -it pod-name /bin/bash
进入一个正在运行的包含多个容器的Pod
kubectl exec -it <pod-name> -c <container-name> /bin/sh ##进入容器
kubectl exec -it pod-name -c container-name /bin/bash
docker exec -it <container-name> /bin/sh ##进入容器
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl exec -it nginx-deployment-5658f5b9cb-z8dgp -c nginx /bin/bash
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl exec -it nginx-deployment-5658f5b9cb-pntsk -c nginx /bin/bash
root@nginx-deployment-5658f5b9cb-z8dgp:/usr/sbin#./nginx -s reload
root@nginx-deployment-5658f5b9cb-pntsk:/usr/sbin#./nginx -s reload
# 调度配置
# 标记 my-node 不可调度
$ kubectl cordon k8s-node
# 清空 my-node 以待维护
$ kubectl drain k8s-node
# 标记 my-node 可调度
$ kubectl uncordon k8s-node
# 显示 my-node 的指标度量
$ kubectl top node k8s-node
# 将当前集群状态输出到 stdout
$ kubectl cluster-info dump
# 将当前集群状态输出到 /path/to/cluster-state
$ kubectl cluster-info dump --output-directory=/path/to/cluster-state
#如果该键和影响的污点（taint）已存在，则使用指定的值替换
$ kubectl taint nodes foo dedicated=special-user:NoSchedule
标签
# 通过标签过滤
kubectl get pods -l app ##有app key的标签
kubectl get pods -l app,release ## 有app,release key的标签2
kubectl get pods -l app=ngnix ##标签app=nginx
kubectl get pods -l app=nginx,release=stable ##标签app=nginx且release=stable
kubectl get pods -l app=nginx,release!=stable ##标签app=nginx且release!=stable
kubectl get pods -l "release in(alpha,beta)"
kubectl get pods -l "release noin(alpha,beta)"
# 添加标签
kubectl label pods pod-demo release=alpha
# 修改标签
kubectl label pods pod-demo release=stable --overwrite
# 显示标签
kubectl get pods pod-demo --show-labels
# 删除标签
kubectl label pod pod-demo release-
提示：其他资源对象同理
kubectl get 资源如下:
* all
* certificatesigningrequests (aka 'csr')
* clusterrolebindings
* clusterroles
* componentstatuses (aka 'cs')
* configmaps (aka 'cm')
* controllerrevisions
* cronjobs
* customresourcedefinition (aka 'crd')
* daemonsets (aka 'ds')
* deployments (aka 'deploy')
* endpoints (aka 'ep')
* events (aka 'ev')
* horizontalpodautoscalers (aka 'hpa')
* ingresses (aka 'ing')
* jobs
* limitranges (aka 'limits')
* namespaces (aka 'ns')
* networkpolicies (aka 'netpol')
* nodes (aka 'no')
* persistentvolumeclaims (aka 'pvc')
* persistentvolumes (aka 'pv')
* poddisruptionbudgets (aka 'pdb')
* podpreset
* pods (aka 'po')
* podsecuritypolicies (aka 'psp')
* podtemplates
* replicasets (aka 'rs')
* replicationcontrollers (aka 'rc')
* resourcequotas (aka 'quota')
* rolebindings
* roles
* secrets
* serviceaccounts (aka 'sa')
* services (aka 'svc')
* statefulsets (aka 'sts')
* storageclasses (aka 'sc')
三、应用编排与管理
配置清单，四个一级清单：
apiVersion: group/version
kind:
metadata:
spec:
创建 Nginx Deployment 和 Service(nginx.yaml)
### define deployment info ###
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: nginx-deployment
namespace: default
labels:
app: nginx
env: dev
tie: front
### define pod info ###
spec:
# define the pod count
replicas: 2
revisionHistoryLimit: 5 #保存5个历史版本
# define update strategy
strategy:
rollingUpdate:
maxSurge: 25%
maxUnavailable; 25%
type: RollingUpdate #滚动升级
# select the pod which is controlled
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nginx
env: dev
tie: front
# define the pod
template:
metadata:
# define the pod label,which must be same with selector's matchLabels
labels:
app: nginx
env: dev
tie: front
### define container info ###
spec:
containers:
# define the container name
- name: nginx
image: nginx:1.17.5
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
volumeMounts:
- name: conf
mountPath: /etc/nginx
- name: opt
mountPath: /opt
##定义pod反亲和,硬亲和
affinity:
podAntiAffinity: ##podAffinity: 亲和
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
- labelSelector:
matchExpression:
- key: app
operator: In
values:
- keyin-demo
topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
##定义pod反亲和,软亲和
affinity:
podAntiAffinity: ##podAffinity: 亲和
preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
- weight: 100
podAffinityTerm:
labelSelector:
matchExpression:
- key: app
operator: In
values:
- keyin-demo
topologyKey: rack ## rack 是 node 的一个label
#node label selector
nodeSelector:
type: nginx
volumes:
- name: conf
hostPath:
path: /etc/nginx
type: Directory
- name: opt
hostPath:
path: /opt
type: Directory
---
apiVersion: v1
# delcare it's service
kind: Service
metadata:
name: nginx-service
labels:
app: nginx
env: dev
tie: front
spec:
externalIPs:
- 192.101.10.80
- 192.101.10.81
- 192.101.10.82
ports:
# define the service's port
- port: 80
name: nginx-service-80
protocol: TCP
# define the container's port
targetPort: 80
# nodePort: 30080
# define the pod label which the selector match with
selector:
app: nginx
env: dev
tie: front
# three type : ClusterIP,NodePort,LoadBalancer
type: ClusterIP
创建：
kubectl create -f nginx.yaml
kubectl controls the Kubernetes cluster manager.
Find more information at: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/overview/
Basic Commands (Beginner):
create Create a resource from a file or from stdin.
expose 使用 replication controller, service, deployment 或者 pod 并暴露它作为一个 新的 Kubernetes Service
run 在集群中运行一个指定的镜像
set 为 objects 设置一个指定的特征
Basic Commands (Intermediate):
explain 查看资源的文档
get 显示一个或更多 resources
edit 在服务器上编辑一个资源
delete Delete resources by filenames, stdin, resources and names, or by resources and label selector
Deploy Commands:
rollout Manage the rollout of a resource
scale Set a new size for a Deployment, ReplicaSet or Replication Controller
autoscale 自动调整一个 Deployment, ReplicaSet, 或者 ReplicationController 的副本数量
Cluster Management Commands:
certificate 修改 certificate 资源.
cluster-info 显示集群信息
top Display Resource (CPU/Memory/Storage) usage.
cordon 标记 node 为 unschedulable
uncordon 标记 node 为 schedulable
drain Drain node in preparation for maintenance
taint 更新一个或者多个 node 上的 taints
Troubleshooting and Debugging Commands:
describe 显示一个指定 resource 或者 group 的 resources 详情
logs 输出容器在 pod 中的日志
attach Attach 到一个运行中的 container
exec 在一个 container 中执行一个命令
port-forward Forward one or more local ports to a pod
proxy 运行一个 proxy 到 Kubernetes API server
cp 复制 files 和 directories 到 containers 和从容器中复制 files 和 directories.
auth Inspect authorization
Advanced Commands:
diff Diff live version against would-be applied version
apply 通过文件名或标准输入流(stdin)对资源进行配置
patch 使用 strategic merge patch 更新一个资源的 field(s)
replace 通过 filename 或者 stdin替换一个资源
wait Experimental: Wait for a specific condition on one or many resources.
convert 在不同的 API versions 转换配置文件
kustomize Build a kustomization target from a directory or a remote url.
Settings Commands:
label 更新在这个资源上的 labels
annotate 更新一个资源的注解
completion Output shell completion code for the specified shell (bash or zsh)
Other Commands:
alpha Commands for features in alpha
api-resources Print the supported API resources on the server
api-versions Print the supported API versions on the server, in the form of "group/version"
config 修改 kubeconfig 文件
plugin Provides utilities for interacting with plugins.
version 输出 client 和 server 的版本信息
Usage:
kubectl [flags] [options]
Use "kubectl <command> --help" for more information about a given command.
Use "kubectl options" for a list of global command-line options (applies to all commands).
二、kubectl 命令详解：
#查看
#查看所有对象
kubectl get all
#查看namespace
kubectl get namespace
# 查看 node
kubectl get nodes
kubectl get node <node-name> -o yaml ##查看node的 yaml 文件
kubectl get node --show-labels ##查看node的标签
#查看所有namespace的pods运行情况
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
查看Pod所有标签
kubectl get pods --show-labels
查看标签env=dev的Pods
kubectl get pods --show-labels -l env=dev
查看标签env=dev并tie=front的Pods
kubectl get pods --show-labels -l env=dev,tie=front
查看标签env=test,dev的Pods
kubectl get pods --show-labels -l 'env in (test,dev)'
根据标签查看pods
kubectl get pods -l app=nginx
#查看具体pods，记得后边跟namespace名字哦
kubectl get pods kubernetes-dashboard-76479d66bb-nj8wr --namespace=kube-system
# 查看pods具体信息
kubectl get pods -o wide kubernetes-dashboard-76479d66bb-nj8wr --namespace=kube-system
# 查看 pod 的 yaml 信息
#kubectl get pod kubernetes-dashboard-latest-3665071062-b5k84 --namespace=kube-system -o yaml
# 查看 pod 动态
kubectl get pod --watch ## kubectl get pod -w
# 查看 pod 调度信息
kubectl get pod -o wide
# 查看集群健康状态
kubectl get cs
# 获取所有deployment
kubectl get deployment --all-namespaces
# 查看具体的 deployment
kubectl get deployment nginx-app
# 查看 replicaset
kubectl get replicasets ## kubectl get rs
# 查看rc和servers
kubectl get rc,svc
kubectl get replicaset ## kubectl get rc
kubectl get service ## kubectl get svc
# 查看DaemonSet
Kubectl get ds
kubectl get daemonsets
# 查看pods结构信息（重点，通过这个看日志分析错误）
# 对控制器和服务，node同样有效
kubectl describe pods xxxxpodsname --namespace=xxxnamespace
# 查看pod日志
kubectl logs $POD_NAME
# 查看pod变量
kubectl exec my-nginx-5j8ok -- printenv | grep SERVICE
# 查看deployment动态
kubectl get --watch deployments
# 查看 statefulset
kubectl get sts ## kubectl get statefulsets
# 查看endpoint
kubectl get endpoints
kubectl get endpoints --all-namespaces
# 查看job,cronjobs
kubectl get jobs
kubectl describe job tj-org-import-job-1596090600
kubectl get cronjobs
kubectl get cronjobs tj-org-import-job -o yaml
# 查看pvc,pv
kubectl get pvc
kubectl get pv
# 查看 serviceaccout
kubectl get serviceaccout
kubectl get serviceaccout default
kubectl get serviceaccout default -o yaml
kubectl get serviceaccount --all-namespace ## kubectl get sa --all-namespace
# 查看 secret
kubectl get secret
kubectl get secret default-token-xxxx -o yaml
echo -n "xxxxx" | base64 --decode ## base64解码
# 查看 role,rolebinding
kubectl get role
kubectl get clusterrole
kubectl get rolebinding
kubectl get clusterrolebinding
# 查看 configmap
kubectl get configmap
# 查看 component status
kubectl get cs ## kubectl get componentstatus
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
controller-manager Healthy ok
scheduler Healthy ok
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
# 查看资源的文档
kubectl explain pods ##查看pod提供的完整配置字段
kubectl explain pods.metadata ##查看pod.metadata提供的完整配置字段
kubectl explain pod.spec ##查看pod.sepc提供的完整配置字段
kubectl explain pod.spec.containers
kubectl explain pod.spec.containers.livenessProbe
# 集群
# 查看集群健康状态
kubectl get cs
# 集群核心组件运行情况
kubectl cluster-info
# 表空间名
kubectl get namespaces
# Server，Client版本
kubectl version
# API 版本
kubectl api-versions
# 查看事件
kubectl get events
//获取全部节点
kubectl get nodes
//删除节点
kubectl delete node k8s2
# 查看变更进度
kubectl rollout status deploy nginx-test
# 创建
# 创建资源
kubectl create -f pod-demo.yaml ## -f file类型
kubectl create -f ./nginx.yaml
# 创建当前目录下的所有yaml资源
kubectl create -f .
# 使用多个文件创建资源
kubectl create -f ./nginx1.yaml -f ./mysql2.yaml
# 使用目录下的所有清单文件来创建资源
kubectl create -f ./dir
# 使用 url 来创建资源
kubectl create -f https://git.io/vPieo
#创建带有终端的pod
kubectl run -i --tty busybox --image=busybox
# 启动一个 nginx 实例
kubectl run nginx --image=nginx
#启动多个pod
kubectl run mybusybox --image=busybox --replicas=5
# 获取 pod 和 svc 的文档
kubectl explain pods
kubectl explain svc
# 更新
# 滚动更新 pod
kubectl rolling-update python-v1 -f python-v2.json frontend-v1
# 更新资源名称并更新镜像
kubectl rolling-update python-v1 python-v2 --image=image:v2
# 更新 pod 中的镜像
kubectl rolling-update python --image=image:v2
# 退出已存在的进行中的滚动更新
kubectl rolling-update python-v1 python-v2 --rollback
#为 nginx RC 创建服务，启用本地 80 端口连接到容器上的 8000 端口
kubectl expose rc nginx --port=80 --target-port=8000
#更新单容器 pod 的镜像版本（tag）到 v4
kubectl get pod nginx-pod -o yaml | sed 's/\(image: myimage\):.*$/\1:v4/' | kubectl replace -f -
# 添加标签
kubectl label pods nginx-pod new-label=awesome
# 添加注解
kubectl annotate pods nginx-pod icon-url=http://goo.gl/XXBTWq
升级Deployment
#kubectl set image deployment nginx-deployment nginx=nginx:1.9.1
查询升级状态
#kubectl rollout status deployment nginx-deployment
弹性扩/缩容
#kubectl scale deployment nginx-deployment --replicas=10
# 自动扩展 deployment
kubectl autoscale deployment nginx-deployment --min=10 --max=15 --cpu-percent=80 #回滚上一个的版本
kubectl rollout undo deployment nginx-deployment
#回滚到以前制定的版本
kubectl rollout undo deployment nginx-deployment --to-revision=3
#查看deployment历史修订版本
kubectl rollout history deployment nginx-deployment
#查看制定的版本deployment历史修订版本
kubectl rollout history deployment nginx-deployment --reversion=3
暂停/恢复
#kubectl rollout pause deployment nginx-deployment
#kubectl rollout resume deployment nginx-deployment
# 编辑资源
# 编辑名为 docker-registry 的 service
kubectl edit svc/docker-registry
# 编辑名为 nginx-deployment的deployment
kubectl edit deployment/nginx-deployment
# 动态伸缩，将foo副本集变成3个
kubectl scale --replicas=3 rs/foo
# 缩放“foo”中指定的资源。
kubectl scale --replicas=3 -f foo.yaml
# 将deployment/mysql从2个变成3个
kubectl scale --current-replicas=2 --replicas=3 deployment/mysql
# 变更多个控制器的数量
kubectl scale --replicas=5 rc/foo rc/bar rc/baz
# 查看变更进度
kubectl rollout status deploy deployment/mysql
kubectl edit configmap [configmapname]
kubectl edit deployment [deploymentname]
# 删除
# 删除 pod.json 文件中定义的类型和名称的 pod
kubectl delete -f ./pod.json
# 删除名为“baz”的 pod 和名为“foo”的 service
kubectl delete pod,service baz foo
# 删除具有 name=myLabel 标签的 pod 和 serivce
kubectl delete pods,services -l name=myLabel
# 删除 my-ns namespace下的所有 pod 和 serivce，包括尚未初始化的
kubectl -n my-ns delete po,svc --all
# 强制删除pod
kubectl delete pods prometheus-7fcfcb9f89-qkkf7 --grace-period=0 --force
强制删除rc
#kubectl delete rc nginx-controller --force --cascade=false ##删除RC，不删除Pod，默认是级联删除
强制删除deployment
#kubectl delete deployment kubernetes-dashboard-latest --namespace=kube-system --force=true --cascade=false
# 删除yaml 文件对应的pod
kubectl delete -f pod-demo.yaml ## -f file类型
kubectl delete rc --cascade=false ##删除RC，不删除Pod，默认是级联删除 kubectl delete replicationcontrollers
# 交互
# dump 输出 pod 的日志（stdout）
kubectl logs nginx-pod
# dump 输出 pod 中容器的日志（stdout，pod 中有多个容器的情况下使用）
kubectl logs -f <pod-name> -c <container-name>
kubectl logs nginx-pod -c my-container
docker logs -f <docker-name>
# 流式输出 pod 的日志（stdout）
kubectl logs -f nginx-pod
# 流式输出 pod 中容器的日志（stdout，pod 中有多个容器的情况下使用）
kubectl logs -f nginx-pod -c my-container
# 交互式 shell 的方式运行 pod
kubectl run -i --tty busybox --image=busybox -- sh
# 连接到运行中的容器
kubectl attach nginx-pod -i
# 转发 pod 中的 6000 端口到本地的 5000 端口
kubectl port-forward nginx-pod 5000:6000
# 在已存在的容器中执行命令（只有一个容器的情况下）
kubectl exec nginx-pod -- ls /
# 在已存在的容器中执行命令（pod 中有多个容器的情况下）
kubectl exec nginx-pod -c my-container -- ls /
# 显示指定 pod和容器的指标度量
kubectl top pod POD_NAME --containers
进入一个正在运行的Pod
#kubectl exec -it pod-name /bin/bash
进入一个正在运行的包含多个容器的Pod
kubectl exec -it <pod-name> -c <container-name> /bin/sh ##进入容器
kubectl exec -it pod-name -c container-name /bin/bash
docker exec -it <container-name> /bin/sh ##进入容器
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl exec -it nginx-deployment-5658f5b9cb-z8dgp -c nginx /bin/bash
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl exec -it nginx-deployment-5658f5b9cb-pntsk -c nginx /bin/bash
root@nginx-deployment-5658f5b9cb-z8dgp:/usr/sbin#./nginx -s reload
root@nginx-deployment-5658f5b9cb-pntsk:/usr/sbin#./nginx -s reload
# 调度配置
# 标记 my-node 不可调度
$ kubectl cordon k8s-node
# 清空 my-node 以待维护
$ kubectl drain k8s-node
# 标记 my-node 可调度
$ kubectl uncordon k8s-node
# 显示 my-node 的指标度量
$ kubectl top node k8s-node
# 将当前集群状态输出到 stdout
$ kubectl cluster-info dump
# 将当前集群状态输出到 /path/to/cluster-state
$ kubectl cluster-info dump --output-directory=/path/to/cluster-state
#如果该键和影响的污点（taint）已存在，则使用指定的值替换
$ kubectl taint nodes foo dedicated=special-user:NoSchedule
标签
# 通过标签过滤
kubectl get pods -l app ##有app key的标签
kubectl get pods -l app,release ## 有app,release key的标签2
kubectl get pods -l app=ngnix ##标签app=nginx
kubectl get pods -l app=nginx,release=stable ##标签app=nginx且release=stable
kubectl get pods -l app=nginx,release!=stable ##标签app=nginx且release!=stable
kubectl get pods -l "release in(alpha,beta)"
kubectl get pods -l "release noin(alpha,beta)"
# 添加标签
kubectl label pods pod-demo release=alpha
# 修改标签
kubectl label pods pod-demo release=stable --overwrite
# 显示标签
kubectl get pods pod-demo --show-labels
# 删除标签
kubectl label pod pod-demo release-
提示：其他资源对象同理
kubectl get 资源如下:
* all
* certificatesigningrequests (aka 'csr')
* clusterrolebindings
* clusterroles
* componentstatuses (aka 'cs')
* configmaps (aka 'cm')
* controllerrevisions
* cronjobs
* customresourcedefinition (aka 'crd')
* daemonsets (aka 'ds')
* deployments (aka 'deploy')
* endpoints (aka 'ep')
* events (aka 'ev')
* horizontalpodautoscalers (aka 'hpa')
* ingresses (aka 'ing')
* jobs
* limitranges (aka 'limits')
* namespaces (aka 'ns')
* networkpolicies (aka 'netpol')
* nodes (aka 'no')
* persistentvolumeclaims (aka 'pvc')
* persistentvolumes (aka 'pv')
* poddisruptionbudgets (aka 'pdb')
* podpreset
* pods (aka 'po')
* podsecuritypolicies (aka 'psp')
* podtemplates
* replicasets (aka 'rs')
* replicationcontrollers (aka 'rc')
* resourcequotas (aka 'quota')
* rolebindings
* roles
* secrets
* serviceaccounts (aka 'sa')
* services (aka 'svc')
* statefulsets (aka 'sts')
* storageclasses (aka 'sc')
三、应用编排与管理
配置清单，四个一级清单：
apiVersion: group/version
kind:
metadata:
spec:
创建 Nginx Deployment 和 Service(nginx.yaml)
### define deployment info ###
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: nginx-deployment
namespace: default
labels:
app: nginx
env: dev
tie: front
### define pod info ###
spec:
# define the pod count
replicas: 2
revisionHistoryLimit: 5 #保存5个历史版本
# define update strategy
strategy:
rollingUpdate:
maxSurge: 25%
maxUnavailable; 25%
type: RollingUpdate #滚动升级
# select the pod which is controlled
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nginx
env: dev
tie: front
# define the pod
template:
metadata:
# define the pod label,which must be same with selector's matchLabels
labels:
app: nginx
env: dev
tie: front
### define container info ###
spec:
containers:
# define the container name
- name: nginx
image: nginx:1.17.5
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
volumeMounts:
- name: conf
mountPath: /etc/nginx
- name: opt
mountPath: /opt
##定义pod反亲和,硬亲和
affinity:
podAntiAffinity: ##podAffinity: 亲和
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
- labelSelector:
matchExpression:
- key: app
operator: In
values:
- keyin-demo
topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
##定义pod反亲和,软亲和
affinity:
podAntiAffinity: ##podAffinity: 亲和
preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
- weight: 100
podAffinityTerm:
labelSelector:
matchExpression:
- key: app
operator: In
values:
- keyin-demo
topologyKey: rack ## rack 是 node 的一个label
#node label selector
nodeSelector:
type: nginx
volumes:
- name: conf
hostPath:
path: /etc/nginx
type: Directory
- name: opt
hostPath:
path: /opt
type: Directory
---
apiVersion: v1
# delcare it's service
kind: Service
metadata:
name: nginx-service
labels:
app: nginx
env: dev
tie: front
spec:
externalIPs:
- 192.101.10.80
- 192.101.10.81
- 192.101.10.82
ports:
# define the service's port
- port: 80
name: nginx-service-80
protocol: TCP
# define the container's port
targetPort: 80
# nodePort: 30080
# define the pod label which the selector match with
selector:
app: nginx
env: dev
tie: front
# three type : ClusterIP,NodePort,LoadBalancer
type: ClusterIP
创建：
kubectl create -f nginx.yaml
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