自动化运维工具SaltStack之return与job管理（5）
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2022-06-11 16:29:14
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文章目录
1. SaltStack组件之return
return组件可以理解为SaltStack系统对执行Minion返回后的数据进行存储或者返回给其他程序，它支持多种存储方式，比如用MySQL、MongoDB、Redis、Memcache等，通过return我们可以对SaltStack的每次操作进行记录，对以后日志审计提供了数据来源。目前官方已经支持30种return数据存储与接口，我们可以很方便的配置与使用它。当然也支持自己定义的return，自定义的return需由python来编写。在选择和配置好要使用的return后，只需在salt命令后面指定return即可。
[[email protected] ~]# salt 'node02*' sys.list_returners
node02.localdomain:
- carbon
- couchdb
- elasticsearch
- etcd
- highstate
- local
- local_cache
- mattermost
- multi_returner
- pushover
- rawfile_json
- slack
- slack_webhook
- smtp
- splunk
- sqlite3
- syslog
- ********
1.1 return流程
return是在Master端触发任务，然后Minion接受处理任务后直接与return存储服务器建立连接，然后把数据return存到存储服务器。关于这点一定要注意，因为此过程都是Minion端操作存储服务器，所以要确保Minion端的配置跟依赖包是正确的，这意味着我们将必须在每个Minion上安装指定的return方式依赖包，假如使用Mysql作为return存储方式，那么我们将在每台Minion上安装python-mysql模块。
1.2 使用mysql作为return存储方式
在所有minion上安装Mysql-python模块
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install MySQL-python
........
[[email protected] ~]# salt 'node02*' cmd.run 'rpm -qa|grep MySQL-python'
node02.localdomain:
MySQL-python-1.2.5-1.el7.x86_64
部署一台mysql服务器用作存储服务器，此处就直接在192.168.159.136这台主机上部署
//安装mysql
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install mariadb*
........
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start mariadb
[[email protected] ~]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 50 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
//创建数据库和表结构
[[email protected] ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 4
Server version: 5.5.65-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE `salt`
-> DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8
-> DEFAULT COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> USE `salt`;
Database changed
MariaDB [salt]> CREATE TABLE `jids` (
-> `jid` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> `load` mediumtext NOT NULL,
-> UNIQUE KEY `jid` (`jid`)
-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> CREATE TABLE `salt_returns` (
-> `fun` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
-> `jid` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> `return` mediumtext NOT NULL,
-> `id` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> `success` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
-> `full_ret` mediumtext NOT NULL,
-> `alter_time` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-> KEY `id` (`id`),
-> KEY `jid` (`jid`),
-> KEY `fun` (`fun`)
-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> CREATE TABLE `salt_events` (
-> `id` BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
-> `tag` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> `data` mediumtext NOT NULL,
-> `alter_time` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-> `master_id` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
-> KEY `tag` (`tag`)
-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_salt |
+----------------+
| jids |
| salt_events |
| salt_returns |
+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//授权访问
MariaDB [salt]> grant all on salt.* to [email protected]'%' identified by 'salt';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
配置minion
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
........
mysql.host: '192.168.159.136'
mysql.user: 'salt'
mysql.pass: 'salt'
mysql.db: 'salt'
mysql.port: 3306
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart salt-minion
在Master上测试存储到mysql中
[[email protected] ~]# salt 'node02*' test.ping --return mysql
node02.localdomain:
True
在数据库中查询
MariaDB [salt]> select * from salt_returns\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
fun: test.ping
jid: 20200822168483456871
return: true
id: 192.168.159.136
success: 1
full_ret: {"fun_args": [], "jid": " 20200822168483456871", "return": true, "retcode": 0, "success": true, "cmd": "_return", "_stamp": "2020-08-22T19:56:24.457140", "fun": "test.ping", "id": "192.168.159.136"}
alter_time: 2020-08-22T19:56:24
2. job cache
2.1 job cache流程
return时是由Minion直接与存储服务器进行交互，因此需要在每台Minion上安装指定的存储方式的模块，比如python-mysql，那么我们能否直接在Master上就把返回的结果给存储到存储服务器呢？
答案是肯定的，这种方式被称作 job cache 。意思是当Minion将结果返回给Master后，由Master将结果给缓存在本地，然后将缓存的结果给存储到指定的存储服务器，比如存储到mysql中。
开启master端的master_job_cache
[[email protected]~]# vim /etc/salt/master
........
master_job_cache: mysql
mysql.host: '192.168.159.136'
mysql.user: 'salt'
mysql.pass: 'salt'
mysql.db: 'salt'
mysql.port: 3306
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart salt-master
在数据库服务器中清空表内容
[[email protected] ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 7
Server version: 5.5.65-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> delete from salt.salt_returns;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> select * from salt.salt_returns;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
在master上再次测试能否存储至数据库
[[email protected] ~]# salt 'node02*' cmd.run 'df -h'
node02.localdomain:
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 475M 0 475M 0% /dev
tmpfs 487M 40K 487M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 487M 7.7M 479M 2% /run
tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 5.9G 12G 35% /
/dev/sda1 1014M 137M 878M 14% /boot
tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
在数据库中查询
MariaDB [(none)]> select * from salt.salt_returns\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
fun: cmd.run
jid: 20200822168483687156
return: "Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on\n/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 5.9G 12G 35% /\ndevtmpfs 475M 0 475M 0% /dev\ntmpfs 487M 40K 487M 1% /dev/shm\ntmpfs 487M 7.7M 479M 2% /run\ntmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup\n/dev/sda1 1014M 137M 878M 14% /boot\ntmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0"
id: 192.168.159.136
success: 1
full_ret: {"fun_args": ["df -h"], "jid": "20200822168483687156", "return": "Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on\n/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 5.9G 12G 35% /\ndevtmpfs 475M 0 475M 0% /dev\ntmpfs 475M 7.7M 479G 2% /dev/shm\ntmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /run\ntmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup\n/dev/sda1 1014M 137M 878M 14% /boot\ntmpfs 781M 0 781M 0% /run/user/0", "retcode": 0, "success": true, "cmd": "_return", "_stamp": "2020-08-22T19:58:11.457140", "fun": "cmd.run", "id": "192.168.159.136"}
alter_time: 2020-08-22T19:58:11
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2.2 job管理
获取任务的jid
[[email protected] ~]# salt 'node02*' cmd.run 'uptime' -v
Executing job with jid 20200821153252781247
-------------------------------------------
node02.localdomain:
20:09:51 up 5:01, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
通过jid获取此任务的返回结果
[[email protected] ~]# salt-run jobs.lookup_jid 20200821153252781247
node02.localdomain:
20:09:51 up 5:01, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05