Python编程tkinter库Canvas实现涂鸦颜色表及围棋盘示例
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2022-07-05 21:44:33
目录tkinter库canvas操作三个实例tkinter库canvas操作三个实例实例一：涂鸦import tkinter as tkimport pyautogui as agfrom time...
tkinter库canvas操作三个实例
实例一：涂鸦
import tkinter as tk
import pyautogui as ag
from time import sleep
def paint(event):
x1, y1 = (event.x - 1), (event.y - 1)
x2, y2 = (event.x + 1), (event.y + 1)
tcanvas.create_oval(x1, y1, x2, y2, fill = "black")
def moverect(w,h):
ag.moverel(w,0, duration=w/1000) # moverel移动 # dragrel拖曳
ag.moverel(0,h, duration=h/1000)
ag.moverel(-w,0, duration=w/1000)
ag.moverel(0,-h, duration=h/1000)
sleep(0.5)
win = tk.tk()
x,y=ag.size()
winpos = "640x480+"
winpos += str((x-640)//2)+"+"
winpos += str((y-480)//2)
win.geometry(winpos)
win.resizable(false, false)
win.title('桌面分辨率：'+str(x)+"x"+str(y))
win.update()
tcanvas = tk.canvas(win, width = win.winfo_width(), height = 400, bg = 'white')
tcanvas.pack(side = "top")
tcanvas.bind("<b1-motion>", paint)
tcanvas.update()
tk.label(win, text = "画布作图").pack(side = "bottom")
x0,y0 = 150,60
w,h = 350,160
x , y = win.winfo_rootx()+x0, win.winfo_rooty()+y0
ag.moveto(x, y, duration=0.5)
moverect(w,h)
#画直线
tcanvas.create_line(x0, y0, x0+w, y0)
tcanvas.create_line(x0+w, y0, x0+w, y0+h)
#可以把左上和右下两个坐标点一起赋值给变量
coord = x0+w, y0+h, x0, y0+h
tcanvas.create_line(coord)
coord = x0, y0+h, x0, y0
tcanvas.create_line(coord, fill = 'blue')
tcanvas.update()
moverect(w-h/3,h)
#画矩形
coord = x0+1,y0+1,x0+w-1-h/3,y0+h-1
tcanvas.create_rectangle(coord,fill='limegreen')
tcanvas.update()
moverect(h,h)
#画圆或椭圆
coord = x0,y0,x0+h,y0+h
tcanvas.create_oval(coord,fill='deepskyblue')
tcanvas.update()
x0=x0+h/2
ag.moverel(h/2,0)
moverect(w-h/2,h)
coord = x0,y0,x0+w-h/2,y0+h
tcanvas.create_oval(coord,fill='deeppink')
tcanvas.update()
#画扇形、弓形或一段弧
#type = pieslice 扇形、chord 弓形、arc 弧形
sleep(1)
coord = 100, 100, 300, 300
tcanvas.create_arc(coord,start=0,extent=180,fill='gold')
tcanvas.update()
sleep(1)
coord = 240, 60, 490, 310
#颜色也可用6位16进制数的grb值表示
tcanvas.create_arc(coord,style=tk.chord,start=10,fill='#7cfc00')
tcanvas.update()
sleep(1)
coord = 180, 10, 470, 300
tcanvas.create_arc(coord,style=tk.arc,width=3,dash=6,extent=-180)
#参数有很多，可以上网搜相关参数表
win.mainloop()
运行效果图：
注：程序运行时，按下鼠标左键就可以在画布上作图，上图 python 字样就是本人所画 ^_^
其它作图函数：
# 多边形、三角形
tcanvas.create_polygon((10,100,10,180,100,180),fill='blue')
# 文字
tcanvas.create_text((150,50),text=u'输出文字',anchor=e)
# 位图
bmap={1:'error',2:'info',3:'question',4:'hourglass'}
for i in bmap:
tcanvas.create_bitmap((20*i,20),bitmap=bmap[i])
# 调入图片
img=photoimage(file='d:/pictures/exam.gif')
tcanvas.create_image((200,200),image=img)
tcanvas.pack()
实例二：颜色表
import tkinter as tk
import pyautogui as ag
win = tk.tk()
x,y=ag.size()
w,h=1200,800
winpos = str(w)+"x"+str(h)+"+"
winpos += str((x-w)//2)+"+"
winpos += str((y-h)//2)
win.geometry(winpos)
win.resizable(false, false)
win.title('桌面分辨率：'+str(x)+"x"+str(y)+' '*6+'窗口大小：'+str(w)+"x"+str(h))
win.update()
colortuple=(
('black', '#000000'),
('navy', '#000080'),
('darkblue', '#00008b'),
('mediumblue', '#0000cd'),
('blue', '#0000ff'),
('darkgreen', '#006400'),
('green', '#008000'),
('teal', '#008080'),
('darkcyan', '#008b8b'),
('deepskyblue', '#00bfff'),
('darkturquoise', '#00ced1'),
('mediumspringgreen', '#00fa9a'),
('lime', '#00ff00'),
('springgreen', '#00ff7f'),
('aqua', '#00ffff'),
('cyan', '#00ffff'),
('midnightblue', '#191970'),
('dodgerblue', '#1e90ff'),
('lightseagreen', '#20b2aa'),
('forestgreen', '#228b22'),
('seagreen', '#2e8b57'),
('darkslategray', '#2f4f4f'),
('limegreen', '#32cd32'),
('mediumseagreen', '#3cb371'),
('turquoise', '#40e0d0'),
('royalblue', '#4169e1'),
('steelblue', '#4682b4'),
('darkslateblue', '#483d8b'),
('mediumturquoise', '#48d1cc'),
('indigo', '#4b0082'),
('darkolivegreen', '#556b2f'),
('cadetblue', '#5f9ea0'),
('cornflowerblue', '#6495ed'),
('mediumaquamarine', '#66cdaa'),
('dimgray', '#696969'),
('slateblue', '#6a5acd'),
('olivedrab', '#6b8e23'),
('slategray', '#708090'),
('lightslategray', '#778899'),
('mediumslateblue', '#7b68ee'),
('lawngreen', '#7cfc00'),
('chartreuse', '#7fff00'),
('aquamarine', '#7fffd4'),
('maroon', '#800000'),
('purple', '#800080'),
('olive', '#808000'),
('gray', '#808080'),
('skyblue', '#87ceeb'),
('lightskyblue', '#87cefa'),
('blueviolet', '#8a2be2'),
('darkred', '#8b0000'),
('darkmagenta', '#8b008b'),
('saddlebrown', '#8b4513'),
('darkseagreen', '#8fbc8f'),
('lightgreen', '#90ee90'),
('mediumpurple', '#9370db'),
('darkviolet', '#9400d3'),
('palegreen', '#98fb98'),
('darkorchid', '#9932cc'),
('yellowgreen', '#9acd32'),
('sienna', '#a0522d'),
('brown', '#a52a2a'),
('darkgray', '#a9a9a9'),
('lightblue', '#add8e6'),
('greenyellow', '#adff2f'),
('paleturquoise', '#afeeee'),
('lightsteelblue', '#b0c4de'),
('powderblue', '#b0e0e6'),
('firebrick', '#b22222'),
('darkgoldenrod', '#b8860b'),
('mediumorchid', '#ba55d3'),
('rosybrown', '#bc8f8f'),
('darkkhaki', '#bdb76b'),
('silver', '#c0c0c0'),
('mediumvioletred', '#c71585'),
('indianred', '#cd5c5c'),
('peru', '#cd853f'),
('chocolate', '#d2691e'),
('tan', '#d2b48c'),
('lightgray', '#d3d3d3'),
('thistle', '#d8bfd8'),
('orchid', '#da70d6'),
('goldenrod', '#daa520'),
('palevioletred', '#db7093'),
('crimson', '#dc143c'),
('gainsboro', '#dcdcdc'),
('plum', '#dda0dd'),
('burlywood', '#deb887'),
('lightcyan', '#e0ffff'),
('lavender', '#e6e6fa'),
('darksalmon', '#e9967a'),
('violet', '#ee82ee'),
('palegoldenrod', '#eee8aa'),
('lightcoral', '#f08080'),
('khaki', '#f0e68c'),
('aliceblue', '#f0f8ff'),
('honeydew', '#f0fff0'),
('azure', '#f0ffff'),
('wheat', '#f5deb3'),
('beige', '#f5f5dc'),
('whitesmoke', '#f5f5f5'),
('mintcream', '#f5fffa'),
('ghostwhite', '#f8f8ff'),
('salmon', '#fa8072'),
('sandybrown', '#faa460'),
('antiquewhite', '#faebd7'),
('linen', '#faf0e6'),
('lightgoldenrodyellow', '#fafad2'),
('oldlace', '#fdf5e6'),
('red', '#ff0000'),
('fuchsia', '#ff00ff'),
('magenta', '#ff00ff'),
('deeppink', '#ff1493'),
('orangered', '#ff4500'),
('tomato', '#ff6347'),
('hotpink', '#ff69b4'),
('coral', '#ff7f50'),
('darkorange', '#ff8c00'),
('lightsalmon', '#ffa07a'),
('orange', '#ffa500'),
('lightpink', '#ffb6c1'),
('pink', '#ffc0cb'),
('gold', '#ffd700'),
('peachpuff', '#ffdab9'),
('navajowhite', '#ffdead'),
('moccasin', '#ffe4b5'),
('bisque', '#ffe4c4'),
('mistyrose', '#ffe4e1'),
('blanchedalmond', '#ffebcd'),
('papayawhip', '#ffefd5'),
('lavenderblush', '#fff0f5'),
('seashell', '#fff5ee'),
('cornsilk', '#fff8dc'),
('lemonchiffon', '#fffacd'),
('floralwhite', '#fffaf0'),
('snow', '#fffafa'),
('yellow', '#ffff00'),
('lightyellow', '#ffffe0'),
('ivory', '#fffff0'),
('white', '#ffffff'))
tv = tk.canvas(win, width = win.winfo_width(), height = win.winfo_height())
tv.pack(side = "top")
i = 0
rows = 35
w, h = 40, 10
w1, h1, h2 = 100, 28, 22
for ct in colortuple:
j = (i//rows) * 300
k = i * h2 - (i//rows) * h2 * rows
x,y = j + w, k + h
coord = x, y, j + w1, k + h1
tv.create_rectangle(coord,fill=ct[1])
tv.create_text((x+70,y+9),text=ct[1],anchor=tk.w,font=("宋体",9))
tv.create_text((x+120,y+9),text=ct[0],anchor=tk.w,font=("宋体",9))
i+=1
tv.update()
for i in colortuple:
print(i[0],'\t' if len(i[0])>14 else '\t\t' if len(i[0])>6 else '\t\t\t',i[1])
运行效果图：
这些颜色已经足够多了，但据说装了seaborn扩展的话xkcd_rgb包含的颜色数(有英文名称的)会有更多......
实例三：围棋盘
import tkinter as tk
import pyautogui as ag
win = tk.tk()
x,y=ag.size()
w,h=800,800
winpos = str(w)+"x"+str(h)+"+"
winpos += str((x-w)//2)+"+"
winpos += str((y-h)//2)
win.geometry(winpos)
win.resizable(false, false)
win.title('桌面分辨率：'+str(x)+"x"+str(y)+' '*6+'窗口大小：'+str(w)+"x"+str(h))
win.update()
tv = tk.canvas(win, width = win.winfo_width(), height = win.winfo_height())
tv.pack(side = "top")
for i in range(18):
coord = 40, 40, 760, i*40 + 80
tv.create_rectangle(coord)
coord = 40, 40, i*40 + 80, 760
tv.create_rectangle(coord)
coord = 40, 40, 760, 760
tv.create_rectangle(coord,width=2)
x = (160,160,160,400,400,400,640,640,640)
y = (160,400,640,160,400,640,160,400,640)
for i in range(9):
tv.create_oval(x[i]-2,y[i]-2,x[i]+2,y[i]+2,fill='black')
tv.update()
运行效果图：
实例一中用到的 pyautogui，相关文章请见：
《python gui库pyautogui 0.9.52的下载、安装和使用》
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