Python编程tkinter库Canvas实现涂鸦颜色表及围棋盘示例

• tkinter库canvas操作三个实例

tkinter库canvas操作三个实例

实例一：涂鸦

import tkinter as tk
import pyautogui as ag
from time import sleep
def paint(event):
        x1, y1 = (event.x - 1), (event.y - 1)
        x2, y2 = (event.x + 1), (event.y + 1)
        tcanvas.create_oval(x1, y1, x2, y2, fill = "black")
def moverect(w,h):
        ag.moverel(w,0, duration=w/1000)  # moverel移动  # dragrel拖曳
        ag.moverel(0,h, duration=h/1000)
        ag.moverel(-w,0, duration=w/1000)
        ag.moverel(0,-h, duration=h/1000)
        sleep(0.5)
win = tk.tk()
x,y=ag.size()
winpos = "640x480+"
winpos += str((x-640)//2)+"+"
winpos += str((y-480)//2)
win.geometry(winpos)
win.resizable(false, false)
win.title('桌面分辨率：'+str(x)+"x"+str(y))
win.update()
tcanvas = tk.canvas(win, width = win.winfo_width(), height = 400, bg = 'white')
tcanvas.pack(side = "top") 
tcanvas.bind("<b1-motion>", paint)
tcanvas.update()
tk.label(win, text = "画布作图").pack(side = "bottom")
x0,y0 = 150,60
w,h = 350,160
x , y = win.winfo_rootx()+x0, win.winfo_rooty()+y0
ag.moveto(x, y, duration=0.5) 
moverect(w,h)
#画直线
tcanvas.create_line(x0, y0, x0+w, y0)
tcanvas.create_line(x0+w, y0, x0+w, y0+h)
#可以把左上和右下两个坐标点一起赋值给变量
coord = x0+w, y0+h, x0, y0+h
tcanvas.create_line(coord)
coord = x0, y0+h, x0, y0
tcanvas.create_line(coord, fill = 'blue')
tcanvas.update()
moverect(w-h/3,h)
#画矩形
coord = x0+1,y0+1,x0+w-1-h/3,y0+h-1
tcanvas.create_rectangle(coord,fill='limegreen')
tcanvas.update() 
moverect(h,h)
#画圆或椭圆
coord = x0,y0,x0+h,y0+h
tcanvas.create_oval(coord,fill='deepskyblue')
tcanvas.update()
x0=x0+h/2
ag.moverel(h/2,0)
moverect(w-h/2,h)
coord = x0,y0,x0+w-h/2,y0+h
tcanvas.create_oval(coord,fill='deeppink')
tcanvas.update() 
#画扇形、弓形或一段弧
#type = pieslice 扇形、chord 弓形、arc 弧形
sleep(1)
coord = 100, 100, 300, 300
tcanvas.create_arc(coord,start=0,extent=180,fill='gold')
tcanvas.update()
sleep(1)
coord = 240, 60, 490, 310
#颜色也可用6位16进制数的grb值表示
tcanvas.create_arc(coord,style=tk.chord,start=10,fill='#7cfc00')
tcanvas.update()
sleep(1)
coord = 180, 10, 470, 300
tcanvas.create_arc(coord,style=tk.arc,width=3,dash=6,extent=-180)
#参数有很多，可以上网搜相关参数表 
win.mainloop()

运行效果图：

注：程序运行时，按下鼠标左键就可以在画布上作图，上图 python 字样就是本人所画 ^_^

其它作图函数：

# 多边形、三角形
tcanvas.create_polygon((10,100,10,180,100,180),fill='blue')
# 文字
tcanvas.create_text((150,50),text=u'输出文字',anchor=e) 
# 位图
bmap={1:'error',2:'info',3:'question',4:'hourglass'}
for i in bmap:
    tcanvas.create_bitmap((20*i,20),bitmap=bmap[i]) 
# 调入图片
img=photoimage(file='d:/pictures/exam.gif')
tcanvas.create_image((200,200),image=img)
tcanvas.pack()

实例二：颜色表

import tkinter as tk
import pyautogui as ag
win = tk.tk()
x,y=ag.size()
w,h=1200,800
winpos = str(w)+"x"+str(h)+"+"
winpos += str((x-w)//2)+"+"
winpos += str((y-h)//2)
win.geometry(winpos)
win.resizable(false, false)
win.title('桌面分辨率：'+str(x)+"x"+str(y)+' '*6+'窗口大小：'+str(w)+"x"+str(h))
win.update() 
colortuple=(
('black',                '#000000'),
('navy',                 '#000080'),
('darkblue',             '#00008b'),
('mediumblue',           '#0000cd'),
('blue',                 '#0000ff'),
('darkgreen',            '#006400'),
('green',                '#008000'),
('teal',                 '#008080'),
('darkcyan',             '#008b8b'),
('deepskyblue',          '#00bfff'),
('darkturquoise',        '#00ced1'),
('mediumspringgreen',    '#00fa9a'),
('lime',                 '#00ff00'),
('springgreen',          '#00ff7f'),
('aqua',                 '#00ffff'),
('cyan',                 '#00ffff'),
('midnightblue',         '#191970'),
('dodgerblue',           '#1e90ff'),
('lightseagreen',        '#20b2aa'),
('forestgreen',          '#228b22'),
('seagreen',             '#2e8b57'),
('darkslategray',        '#2f4f4f'),
('limegreen',            '#32cd32'),
('mediumseagreen',       '#3cb371'),
('turquoise',            '#40e0d0'),
('royalblue',            '#4169e1'),
('steelblue',            '#4682b4'),
('darkslateblue',        '#483d8b'),
('mediumturquoise',      '#48d1cc'),
('indigo',               '#4b0082'),
('darkolivegreen',       '#556b2f'),
('cadetblue',            '#5f9ea0'),
('cornflowerblue',       '#6495ed'),
('mediumaquamarine',     '#66cdaa'),
('dimgray',              '#696969'),
('slateblue',            '#6a5acd'),
('olivedrab',            '#6b8e23'),
('slategray',            '#708090'),
('lightslategray',       '#778899'),
('mediumslateblue',      '#7b68ee'),
('lawngreen',            '#7cfc00'),
('chartreuse',           '#7fff00'),
('aquamarine',           '#7fffd4'),
('maroon',               '#800000'),
('purple',               '#800080'),
('olive',                '#808000'),
('gray',                 '#808080'),
('skyblue',              '#87ceeb'),
('lightskyblue',         '#87cefa'),
('blueviolet',           '#8a2be2'),
('darkred',              '#8b0000'),
('darkmagenta',          '#8b008b'),
('saddlebrown',          '#8b4513'),
('darkseagreen',         '#8fbc8f'),
('lightgreen',           '#90ee90'),
('mediumpurple',         '#9370db'),
('darkviolet',           '#9400d3'),
('palegreen',            '#98fb98'),
('darkorchid',           '#9932cc'),
('yellowgreen',          '#9acd32'),
('sienna',               '#a0522d'),
('brown',                '#a52a2a'),
('darkgray',             '#a9a9a9'),
('lightblue',            '#add8e6'),
('greenyellow',          '#adff2f'),
('paleturquoise',        '#afeeee'),
('lightsteelblue',       '#b0c4de'),
('powderblue',           '#b0e0e6'),
('firebrick',            '#b22222'),
('darkgoldenrod',        '#b8860b'),
('mediumorchid',         '#ba55d3'),
('rosybrown',            '#bc8f8f'),
('darkkhaki',            '#bdb76b'),
('silver',               '#c0c0c0'),
('mediumvioletred',      '#c71585'),
('indianred',            '#cd5c5c'),
('peru',                 '#cd853f'),
('chocolate',            '#d2691e'),
('tan',                  '#d2b48c'),
('lightgray',            '#d3d3d3'),
('thistle',              '#d8bfd8'),
('orchid',               '#da70d6'),
('goldenrod',            '#daa520'),
('palevioletred',        '#db7093'),
('crimson',              '#dc143c'),
('gainsboro',            '#dcdcdc'),
('plum',                 '#dda0dd'),
('burlywood',            '#deb887'),
('lightcyan',            '#e0ffff'),
('lavender',             '#e6e6fa'),
('darksalmon',           '#e9967a'),
('violet',               '#ee82ee'),
('palegoldenrod',        '#eee8aa'),
('lightcoral',           '#f08080'),
('khaki',                '#f0e68c'),
('aliceblue',            '#f0f8ff'),
('honeydew',             '#f0fff0'),
('azure',                '#f0ffff'),
('wheat',                '#f5deb3'),
('beige',                '#f5f5dc'),
('whitesmoke',           '#f5f5f5'),
('mintcream',            '#f5fffa'),
('ghostwhite',           '#f8f8ff'),
('salmon',               '#fa8072'),
('sandybrown',           '#faa460'),
('antiquewhite',         '#faebd7'),
('linen',                '#faf0e6'),
('lightgoldenrodyellow', '#fafad2'),
('oldlace',              '#fdf5e6'),
('red',                  '#ff0000'),
('fuchsia',              '#ff00ff'),
('magenta',              '#ff00ff'),
('deeppink',             '#ff1493'),
('orangered',            '#ff4500'),
('tomato',               '#ff6347'),
('hotpink',              '#ff69b4'),
('coral',                '#ff7f50'),
('darkorange',           '#ff8c00'),
('lightsalmon',          '#ffa07a'),
('orange',               '#ffa500'),
('lightpink',            '#ffb6c1'),
('pink',                 '#ffc0cb'),
('gold',                 '#ffd700'),
('peachpuff',            '#ffdab9'),
('navajowhite',          '#ffdead'),
('moccasin',             '#ffe4b5'),
('bisque',               '#ffe4c4'),
('mistyrose',            '#ffe4e1'),
('blanchedalmond',       '#ffebcd'),
('papayawhip',           '#ffefd5'),
('lavenderblush',        '#fff0f5'),
('seashell',             '#fff5ee'),
('cornsilk',             '#fff8dc'),
('lemonchiffon',         '#fffacd'),
('floralwhite',          '#fffaf0'),
('snow',                 '#fffafa'),
('yellow',               '#ffff00'),
('lightyellow',          '#ffffe0'),
('ivory',                '#fffff0'),
('white',                '#ffffff')) 
tv = tk.canvas(win, width = win.winfo_width(), height = win.winfo_height())
tv.pack(side = "top") 
i = 0
rows = 35
w, h = 40, 10
w1, h1, h2 = 100, 28, 22
for ct in colortuple:
    j = (i//rows) * 300
    k = i * h2 - (i//rows) * h2 * rows
    x,y = j + w, k + h
    coord = x, y, j + w1, k + h1
    tv.create_rectangle(coord,fill=ct[1])
    tv.create_text((x+70,y+9),text=ct[1],anchor=tk.w,font=("宋体",9))
    tv.create_text((x+120,y+9),text=ct[0],anchor=tk.w,font=("宋体",9))
    i+=1    
tv.update() 
for i in colortuple:
    print(i[0],'\t' if len(i[0])>14 else '\t\t' if len(i[0])>6 else '\t\t\t',i[1])

运行效果图：

这些颜色已经足够多了，但据说装了seaborn扩展的话xkcd_rgb包含的颜色数(有英文名称的)会有更多......

实例三：围棋盘

import tkinter as tk
import pyautogui as ag
win = tk.tk() 
x,y=ag.size()
w,h=800,800
winpos = str(w)+"x"+str(h)+"+"
winpos += str((x-w)//2)+"+"
winpos += str((y-h)//2)
win.geometry(winpos)
win.resizable(false, false)
win.title('桌面分辨率：'+str(x)+"x"+str(y)+' '*6+'窗口大小：'+str(w)+"x"+str(h))
win.update() 
tv = tk.canvas(win, width = win.winfo_width(), height = win.winfo_height())
tv.pack(side = "top")
for i in range(18):
    coord = 40, 40, 760, i*40 + 80
    tv.create_rectangle(coord)
    coord = 40, 40, i*40 + 80, 760
    tv.create_rectangle(coord) 
coord = 40, 40, 760, 760
tv.create_rectangle(coord,width=2) 
x = (160,160,160,400,400,400,640,640,640)
y = (160,400,640,160,400,640,160,400,640) 
for i in range(9):
    tv.create_oval(x[i]-2,y[i]-2,x[i]+2,y[i]+2,fill='black') 
tv.update()
 

运行效果图：

实例一中用到的 pyautogui，相关文章请见：

《python gui库pyautogui 0.9.52的下载、安装和使用》 

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