浅谈Java HttpURLConnection请求方式

一）url代理请求 ​

该方式请求有两种代理方式。

方式一：使用该方式代理之后，之后的所有接口都会使用代理请求

// 对http开启全局代理
system.setproperty("http.proxyhost", "192.168.1.1");
system.setproperty("http.proxyport", "80");
 
// 对https开启全局代理
system.setproperty("https.proxyhost", "192.168.1.1");
system.setproperty("https.proxyport", "80");

方式二：适用于只有部分接口需要代理请求场景

proxy proxy = new proxy(type.http, new inetsocketaddress("192.168.1.1", 80));
httpurlconnection conn = null;
try {
  url url = new url("http://localhost:8080/ouyangjun");
  conn = (httpurlconnection) url.openconnection(proxy);
} catch (malformedurlexception e) {
  e.printstacktrace();
} catch (ioexception e) {
  e.printstacktrace();
}

二）无参数get请求

方法解析：

httpgetutils.dogetnoparameters(string requesturl, string proxyhost, integer proxyport);

requesturl：请求路径，必填

proxyhost：代理ip，即服务器代理地址，可为null

proxyport：代理端口，可为null

说明：一般本地测试几乎是不会用代理的，只有服务器用代理方式请求比较多。

实现源码：

package com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils; 
import java.io.bufferedreader;
import java.io.ioexception;
import java.io.inputstream;
import java.io.inputstreamreader;
import java.net.httpurlconnection;
import java.net.inetsocketaddress;
import java.net.malformedurlexception;
import java.net.proxy;
import java.net.proxy.type;
import java.net.url;
 
/**
 * http请求工具类
 * @author ouyangjun
 */
public class httpgetutils {
 
  /**
   * http get请求, 不带参数
   * @param requesturl
   * @param method
   * @return
   */
  public static string dogetnoparameters(string requesturl, string proxyhost, integer proxyport) {
    // 记录信息
    stringbuffer buffer = new stringbuffer();
 
    httpurlconnection conn = null;
    try {
      url url = new url(requesturl);
      // 判断是否需要代理模式请求http
      if (proxyhost != null && proxyport != null) {
        // 如果是本机自己测试, 不需要代理请求,但发到服务器上的时候需要代理请求
        // 对http开启全局代理
        //system.setproperty("http.proxyhost", proxyhost);
        //system.setproperty("http.proxyport", proxyport);
        // 对https开启全局代理
        //system.setproperty("https.proxyhost", proxyhost);
        //system.setproperty("https.proxyport", proxyport);
  
        // 代理访问http请求
        proxy proxy = new proxy(type.http, new inetsocketaddress(proxyhost, proxyport));
        conn = (httpurlconnection) url.openconnection(proxy);
      } else {
        // 原生访问http请求，未代理请求
        conn = (httpurlconnection) url.openconnection();
      }
  
      // 设置请求的属性
      conn.setdooutput(true); // 是否可以输出
      conn.setrequestmethod("get"); // 请求方式, 只包含"get", "post", "head", "options", "put", "delete", "trace"六种
      conn.setconnecttimeout(60000); // 最高超时时间
      conn.setreadtimeout(60000); // 最高读取时间
      conn.setconnecttimeout(60000); // 最高连接时间
  
      // 读取数据
      inputstream is = null;
      inputstreamreader inputreader = null;
      bufferedreader reader = null;
      try {
        is = conn.getinputstream();
        inputreader = new inputstreamreader(is, "utf-8");
        reader = new bufferedreader(inputreader);
  
        string temp;
        while ((temp = reader.readline()) != null) {
          buffer.append(temp);
        }
      } catch (exception e) {
        system.out.println("httpgetutils dogetnoparameters error: " + e);
      } finally {
        try {
          if (reader != null) {
            reader.close();
          }
          if (inputreader != null) {
            inputreader.close();
          }
          if (is != null) {
            is.close();
          }
        } catch (ioexception e) {
          system.out.println("httpgetutils dogetnoparameters error: " + e);
        }
      }
    } catch (malformedurlexception e) {
      e.printstacktrace();
    } catch (ioexception e) {
      e.printstacktrace();
    } finally {
      // 当http连接空闲时, 释放资源
      if (conn != null) {
        conn.disconnect();
      }
    }
    // 返回信息
    return buffer.length()==0 ? "" : buffer.tostring();
  }
}

三）带参数post请求

方法解析：

httppostutils.dopost(string requesturl, string params, string proxyhost, integer proxyport);

requesturl：请求路径，必填

params：请求参数，必填，数据格式为json

proxyhost：代理ip，即服务器代理地址，可为null

proxyport：代理端口，可为null

说明：一般本地测试几乎是不会用代理的，只有服务器用代理方式请求比较多。

实现源码：

package com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils;
 
import java.io.bufferedreader;
import java.io.ioexception;
import java.io.inputstream;
import java.io.inputstreamreader;
import java.io.outputstream;
import java.net.httpurlconnection;
import java.net.inetsocketaddress;
import java.net.malformedurlexception;
import java.net.proxy;
import java.net.proxy.type;
import java.net.url;
 
/**
 * http请求工具类
 * @author ouyangjun
 */
public class httppostutils {
 
  /**
   * http post请求, 带参数
   * @param requesturl
   * @param params
   * @return
   */
  public static string dopost(string requesturl, string params, string proxyhost, integer proxyport) {
    // 记录信息
    stringbuffer buffer = new stringbuffer();
 
    httpurlconnection conn = null;
    try {
      url url = new url(requesturl);
      // 判断是否需要代理模式请求http
      if (proxyhost != null && proxyport != null) {
        // 如果是本机自己测试, 不需要代理请求,但发到服务器上的时候需要代理请求
        // 对http开启全局代理
        //system.setproperty("http.proxyhost", proxyhost);
        //system.setproperty("http.proxyport", proxyport);
        // 对https开启全局代理
        //system.setproperty("https.proxyhost", proxyhost);
        //system.setproperty("https.proxyport", proxyport);
  
        // 代理访问http请求
        proxy proxy = new proxy(type.http, new inetsocketaddress(proxyhost, proxyport));
        conn = (httpurlconnection) url.openconnection(proxy);
      } else {
        // 原生访问http请求，未代理请求
        conn = (httpurlconnection) url.openconnection();
      }
  
      // 设置请求的属性
      conn.setdooutput(true); // 是否可以输出
      conn.setrequestmethod("post"); // 请求方式, 只包含"get", "post", "head", "options", "put", "delete", "trace"六种
      conn.setconnecttimeout(60000); // 最高超时时间
      conn.setreadtimeout(60000); // 最高读取时间
      conn.setconnecttimeout(60000); // 最高连接时间
  
      conn.setdoinput(true); // 是否可以输入
      if (params != null) {
        // 设置参数为json格式
        conn.setrequestproperty("content-type", "application/json");
  
        // 写入参数信息
        outputstream os = conn.getoutputstream();
        try {
          os.write(params.getbytes("utf-8"));
        } catch (exception e) {
          system.out.println("httppostutils dopost error: " + e);
        } finally {
          try {
            if (os != null) {
              os.close();
            }
          } catch (ioexception e) {
            system.out.println("httppostutils dopost error: " + e);
          }
        }
      }
  
      // 读取数据
      inputstream is = null;
      inputstreamreader inputreader = null;
      bufferedreader reader = null;
      try {
        is = conn.getinputstream();
        inputreader = new inputstreamreader(is, "utf-8");
        reader = new bufferedreader(inputreader);
  
        string temp;
        while ((temp = reader.readline()) != null) {
          buffer.append(temp);
        }
      } catch (exception e) {
        system.out.println("httppostutils dopost error: " + e);
      } finally {
        try {
          if (reader != null) {
            reader.close();
          }
          if (inputreader != null) {
            inputreader.close();
          }
          if (is != null) {
            is.close();
          }
        } catch (ioexception e) {
          system.out.println("httppostutils dopost error: " + e);
        }
      }
    } catch (malformedurlexception e) {
      e.printstacktrace();
    } catch (ioexception e) {
      e.printstacktrace();
    } finally {
      // 当http连接空闲时, 释放资源
      if (conn != null) {
        conn.disconnect();
      }
    }
    // 返回信息
    return buffer.length()==0 ? "" : buffer.tostring();
  }
}

四）http模拟测试

本案例是使用了微信公众号两个接口作为了测试案例。

appid和appsecret需要申请了微信公众号才能获取到。

package com.ouyangjun.wechat.test; 
import com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils.httpgetutils;
import com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils.httppostutils;
 
public class testhttp {
 
  private final static string wechat_appid=""; // appid, 需申请微信公众号才能拿到
  private final static string wechat_appsecret=""; // appsecret, 需申请微信公众号才能拿到
 
  public static void main(string[] args) {
    // 获取微信公众号token
    getwechattoken();
 
    // 修改用户备注信息
    string token = "31_1uw5em_hrgkfxok6drzkdzlksbfbnjr9wtdzdkc_tdat-9tpoezwsni6tbmkype_zdhjeris1r0dgntpt5bfkxcasshjvhpqumivrp21pvqe3cbfztgs1il2jpy7kw3y09bc1urlwzda52mtedgcadavux";
    string openid = "och4n0-6jkqpjgbopa5tytoyb0vy";
    updateuserremark(token, openid);
  }
 
  /**
   * 根据appid和appsecret获取微信token，返回json格式数据，需自行解析
   * @return
   */
  public static string getwechattoken() {
    string requesturl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid="+wechat_appid+"&secret="+wechat_appsecret;
 
    string token = httpgetutils.dogetnoparameters(requesturl, null, null);
    system.out.println("wechat token: " + token);
    return token;
  }
 
  /**
   * 修改用户备注，返回json格式数据，需自行解析
   * @param token
   * @param openid
   * @return
   */
  public static string updateuserremark(string token, string openid) {
    string reuqesturl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/info/updateremark?access_token="+token;
    // 封装json参数
    string jsonparams = "{\"openid\":\""+openid+"\",\"remark\":\"oysept\"}";
 
    string msg = httppostutils.dopost(reuqesturl, jsonparams, null, null);
    system.out.println("msg: " + msg);
    return jsonparams;
  }
}

补充知识：java httpurlconnection post set params 设置请求参数的三种方法 实践总结

我就废话不多说了，大家还是直接看代码吧~

      /**
       * the first way to set params
       * outputstream
       */

      byte[] bytesparams = paramsstr.getbytes();
      // 发送请求params参数
      outputstream outstream=connection.getoutputstream();
      outstream.write(bytesparams);
      outstream.flush();

      /**
       * the second way to set params
       * printwriter
       */

       printwriter printwriter = new printwriter(connection.getoutputstream());
      //printwriter printwriter = new printwriter(new outputstreamwriter(connection.getoutputstream(),"utf-8"));
      // 发送请求params参数
      printwriter.write(paramsstr);
      printwriter.flush();

      /**
       * the third way to set params
       * outputstreamwriter
       */
      outputstreamwriter out = new outputstreamwriter(
          connection.getoutputstream(), "utf-8");
      // 发送请求params参数
      out.write(paramsstr);
      out.flush();

demo：

 /**
   * @param pathurl
   * @param paramsstr
   * @return
   */
  private static string posturlbackstr(string pathurl, string paramsstr) {
    string backstr = "";
    inputstream inputstream = null;
    bytearrayoutputstream baos = null;
    try {
      url url = new url(pathurl);
      httpurlconnection connection = (httpurlconnection) url.openconnection();
      // 设定请求的方法为"post"，默认是get
      connection.setrequestmethod("post");
      connection.setconnecttimeout(50000);
      connection.setreadtimeout(50000);
     // user-agent ie11 的标识
      connection.setrequestproperty("user-agent", "mozilla/5.0 (compatible; msie 9.0; windows nt 6.3; trident/7.0;rv:11.0)like gecko");
      connection.setrequestproperty("accept-language", "zh-cn");
      connection.setrequestproperty("connection", "keep-alive");
      connection.setrequestproperty("charset", "utf-8");
      /**
       * 当我们要获取我们请求的http地址访问的数据时就是使用connection.getinputstream().read()方式时我们就需要setdoinput(true)，
       根据api文档我们可知doinput默认就是为true。我们可以不用手动设置了，如果不需要读取输入流的话那就setdoinput(false)。

       当我们要采用非get请求给一个http网络地址传参 就是使用connection.getoutputstream().write() 方法时我们就需要setdooutput(true), 默认是false
       */
      // 设置是否从httpurlconnection读入，默认情况下是true;
      connection.setdoinput(true);
      // 设置是否向httpurlconnection输出，如果是post请求，参数要放在http正文内，因此需要设为true, 默认是false;
      connection.setdooutput(true);
      connection.setusecaches(false);

      /**
       * the first way to set params
       * outputstream
       */
     /*  byte[] bytesparams = paramsstr.getbytes();
      // 发送请求params参数
      outputstream outstream=connection.getoutputstream();
      outstream.write(bytesparams);
      outstream.flush();
      */

      /**
       * the second way to set params
       * printwriter
       */
      /* printwriter printwriter = new printwriter(connection.getoutputstream());
      //printwriter printwriter = new printwriter(new outputstreamwriter(connection.getoutputstream(),"utf-8"));
      // 发送请求params参数
      printwriter.write(paramsstr);
      printwriter.flush();*/

      /**
       * the third way to set params
       * outputstreamwriter
       */
      outputstreamwriter out = new outputstreamwriter(
          connection.getoutputstream(), "utf-8");
      // 发送请求params参数
      out.write(paramsstr);
      out.flush();


      connection.connect();//
      int contentlength = connection.getcontentlength();
      if (connection.getresponsecode() == 200) {
        inputstream = connection.getinputstream();//会隐式调用connect()
        baos = new bytearrayoutputstream();
        int readlen;
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        while ((readlen = inputstream.read(bytes)) != -1) {
          baos.write(bytes, 0, readlen);
        }
        backstr = baos.tostring();
        log.i(tag, "backstr:" + backstr);

      } else {
        log.e(tag, "请求失败 code:" + connection.getresponsecode());
      }

    } catch (malformedurlexception e) {
      e.printstacktrace();
    } catch (ioexception e) {
      e.printstacktrace();
    } finally {
      try {
        if (baos != null) {
          baos.close();
        }
        if (inputstream != null) {
          inputstream.close();
        }
      } catch (ioexception e) {
        e.printstacktrace();
      }
    }
    return backstr;
  }

以上这篇浅谈java httpurlconnection请求方式就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持。