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13.Django基础之django分页

程序员文章站 2022-07-02 12:42:29
一、Django的内置分页器（paginator） view index.html: 扩展 show.html model.py文件内容： 二、自定义分页 当数据库中数据有很多，我们通常会在前端页面做分页展示。 分页的数据可以在前端页面实现，也可以在后端实现分页。 后端实现分页的原理就是每次只请求一 ......

一、django的内置分页器（paginator）

view

from django.shortcuts import render,httpresponse

# create your views here.
from app01.models import *
from django.core.paginator import paginator, emptypage, pagenotaninteger

def index(request):

    '''
    批量导入数据:

    booklist=[]
    for i in range(100):
        booklist.append(book(title="book"+str(i),price=30+i*i))
    book.objects.bulk_create(booklist)
    '''

    '''
分页器的使用:

    book_list=book.objects.all()

    paginator = paginator(book_list, 10)

    print("count:",paginator.count)           #数据总数
    print("num_pages",paginator.num_pages)    #总页数
    print("page_range",paginator.page_range)  #页码的列表



    page1=paginator.page(1) #第1页的page对象
    for i in page1:         #遍历第1页的所有数据对象
        print(i)

    print(page1.object_list) #第1页的所有数据


    page2=paginator.page(2)

    print(page2.has_next())            #是否有下一页
    print(page2.next_page_number())    #下一页的页码
    print(page2.has_previous())        #是否有上一页
    print(page2.previous_page_number()) #上一页的页码



    # 抛错
    #page=paginator.page(12)   # error:emptypage 超过页码范围

    #page=paginator.page("z")   # error:pagenotaninteger 非法页码值
　　
    #page = page_obj.page(-1)  #that page number is less than 1 ，也是emptypage的错误，页码不能为负数，最少也是1
    '''


    book_list=book.objects.all()

    paginator = paginator(book_list, 10) #按照每页显示10条来计算
    page = request.get.get('page',1)  #将来访问的url是这样的 http://127.0.0.1:8000/路径/?page=1
    currentpage=int(page)


    try:
        print(page)
        book_list = paginator.page(page)
    except pagenotaninteger:
        book_list = paginator.page(1)
    except emptypage:
        book_list = paginator.page(paginator.num_pages)


    return render(request,"index.html",{"book_list":book_list,"paginator":paginator,"currentpage":currentpage})

index.html:

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>title</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css"     integrity="sha384-bvyiisifek1dgmjrakycuhahrg32omucww7on3rydg4va+pmstsz/k68vbdejh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>

<div class="container">

    <h4>分页器</h4>
    <ul>

        {% for book in book_list %}
             <li>{{ book.title }} -----{{ book.price }}</li>
        {% endfor %}

     </ul>


    <ul class="pagination" id="pager">

                 {% if book_list.has_previous %}
                    <li class="previous"><a href="/index/?page={{ book_list.previous_page_number }}">上一页</a></li>
                 {% else %}
                    <li class="previous disabled"><a href="#">上一页</a></li>
                 {% endif %}


                 {% for num in paginator.page_range %}

                     {% if num == currentpage %}
                       <li class="item active"><a href="/index/?page={{ num }}">{{ num }}</a></li>
                     {% else %}
                       <li class="item"><a href="/index/?page={{ num }}">{{ num }}</a></li>

                     {% endif %}
                 {% endfor %}



                 {% if book_list.has_next %}
                    <li class="next"><a href="/index/?page={{ book_list.next_page_number }}">下一页</a></li>
                 {% else %}
                    <li class="next disabled"><a href="#">下一页</a></li>
                 {% endif %}

            </ul>
</div>


</body>
</html>

扩展

from django.core.paginator import paginator,pagenotaninteger,emptypage
def show(request):

    book_objs = models.book.objects.all()
    page_obj = paginator(book_objs,1)
    print('数据总数',page_obj.count)
    print('总页数',page_obj.num_pages)
    print('页码列表',page_obj.page_range)

    page1 = page_obj.page(1)
    for i in page1:
        print(i)
    print(page1.object_list)
    page2 = page_obj.page(2)

    print(page2.has_previous())
    print(page2.has_next())
    print(page2.next_page_number())
    print(page2.previous_page_number())
    # page = page_obj.page(-1)
    page_num = request.get.get('page',1)

    try:
        current_page_num = int(page_num)
        page_num_data = page_obj.page(current_page_num)
    except pagenotaninteger:
        current_page_num = 1
        page_num_data = page_obj.page(current_page_num)
    except emptypage:
        current_page_num = page_obj.num_pages
        page_num_data = page_obj.page(current_page_num)
    except exception:
        current_page_num = 1
        page_num_data = page_obj.page(current_page_num)
    if page_obj.num_pages > 11:  #扩展，如果总的页码数大于了11，我们就不把所有的页码数显示出来了，只显示其中11个页面，当前页左边5个，右边5个
        if current_page_num - 5 < 1:  
            pagerange = range(1,12)
        elif current_page_num + 5 > page_obj.num_pages:
            pagerange = range(page_obj.num_pages-10,page_obj.num_pages+1)
        else:
            pagerange = range(current_page_num - 5,current_page_num + 6)

    else:
        pagerange = page_obj.page_range

    book_objs = page_num_data
    return render(request,'show.html',{'book_objs':book_objs,'current_page_num':current_page_num,'page_obj':page_obj,'pagerange':pagerange})

　　show.html

{% load static %}
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>title</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'bootstrap-3.3.0-dist/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css' %}">
</head>
<body>

<h1>数据展示</h1>
<div class="container-fluid">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">
            <table class="table">
                <thead>
                    <tr>
                        <th>id</th>
                        <th>title</th>
                        <th>价格</th>
                        <th>性别</th>
                        <th>出版日期</th>
                        <th>出版社</th>
                        <th>作者</th>
                        <th>操作</th>
                    </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                    {% for book_obj in book_objs %}
                         <tr>
                            <td>{{ book_obj.pk }}</td>
                            <td>{{ book_obj.title }}</td>
                            <td>{{ book_obj.price }}</td>
                            <td>{{ book_obj.get_sex_display }}</td>
                            <td>{{ book_obj.publishdate|date:'y-d-m' }}</td>
                            <td>{{ book_obj.publish.name }}</td>
                            <td>
                                {% for author in book_obj.authors.all %}
                                    {{ author.name }}
                                {% endfor %}

                            </td>
                            <td>
                                <a class="btn btn-warning" href="{% url 'edit_book' book_obj.pk  %}">编辑</a>
                                <a class="btn btn-danger" href="{% url 'delete_book' book_obj.pk  %}">删除</a>
                            </td>
                         </tr>
                    {% endfor %}
                </tbody>
            </table>
            <ul class="pagination" id="pager">
                {% if book_objs.has_previous %}
                <li class="previous"><a href="/show/?page={{ book_objs.previous_page_number }}">上一页</a></li>
                {% else %}
                <li class="previous disabled"><a href="javascript:void(0)">上一页</a></li>
                {% endif %}
                <!--{% for num in page_obj.page_range %}-->
                {% for num in pagerange %}
                    {% if num == current_page_num %}
                     <li class="item active"><a href="/show/?page={{ num }}">{{ num }}</a></li>
                    {% else %}
                       <li class="item"><a href="/show/?page={{ num }}">{{ num }}</a></li>

                     {% endif %}

                {% endfor %}
                {% if book_objs.has_next %}
                    <li class="next"><a href="/show/?page={{ book_objs.next_page_number }}">下一页</a></li>
                 {% else %}
                    <li class="next disabled"><a href="#">下一页</a></li>
                 {% endif %}

            </ul>
        </div>
    </div>

</div>

</body>
<script src="{% static 'bootstrap-3.3.0-dist/dist/jquery/jquery-3.1.1.js' %}"></script>
<script src="{% static 'bootstrap-3.3.0-dist/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js' %}"></script>
</html>

　　model.py文件内容：

from django.db import models

# create your models here.


class author(models.model):
    nid = models.autofield(primary_key=true)
    name=models.charfield( max_length=32)
    age=models.integerfield()
    authordetail=models.onetoonefield(to="authordetail",to_field="nid")
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name
class authordetail(models.model):

    nid = models.autofield(primary_key=true)
    birthday=models.datefield()
    telephone=models.bigintegerfield()
    addr=models.charfield( max_length=64)

class publish(models.model):
    nid = models.autofield(primary_key=true)
    name=models.charfield( max_length=32)
    city=models.charfield( max_length=32)
    email=models.emailfield()
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class book(models.model):

    nid = models.autofield(primary_key=true)
    title = models.charfield( max_length=32)

    publishdate=models.datefield()
    price=models.decimalfield(max_digits=5,decimal_places=2)
    publish=models.foreignkey(to="publish",to_field="nid")
    authors=models.manytomanyfield(to='author',)
    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

二、自定义分页

　　当数据库中数据有很多，我们通常会在前端页面做分页展示。

　　分页的数据可以在前端页面实现，也可以在后端实现分页。

　　后端实现分页的原理就是每次只请求一页数据。

　　准备工作

　　我们使用脚本批量创建一些测试数据（将下面的代码保存到bulk_create.py文件中放到django项目的根目录，直接执行即可。）：

import os

if __name__ == "__main__":
    os.environ.setdefault("django_settings_module", "about_orm.settings")

    import django
    django.setup()

    from app01 import models
    bulk_obj = (models.publisher(name='第{}出版社'.format(i)) for i in range(300))
    models.publisher.objects.bulk_create(bulk_obj) #批量添加，注意写法

　　看下面几个版本的分页：

def publisher_list(request):
    # 从url中取当前访问的页码数
    try:
        current_page = int(request.get.get('page'))
    except exception as e:
        # 取不到或者页码数不是数字都默认展示第1页
        current_page = 1
    # 总数据量
    total_count = models.publisher.objects.count()
    # 定义每页显示多少条数据
    per_page = 10
    # 计算出总页码数
    total_page, more = divmod(total_count, per_page)
    if more:
        total_page += 1
    # 定义页面上最多显示多少页码(为了左右对称，一般设为奇数)
    max_show = 11
    half_show = max_show // 2
    # 计算一下页面显示的页码范围
    if total_page <= max_show:  # 总页码数小于最大显示页码数
        page_start = 1
        page_end = total_page
    elif current_page + half_show >= total_page:  # 右边越界
        page_end = total_page
        page_start = total_page - max_show
    elif current_page - half_show <= 1:  # 左边越界
        page_start = 1
        page_end = max_show
    else:  # 正常页码区间
        page_start = current_page - half_show
        page_end = current_page + half_show
    # 数据索引起始位置
    data_start = (current_page-1) * per_page
    data_end = current_page * per_page

    publisher_list = models.publisher.objects.all()[data_start:data_end]

    # 生成页面上显示的页码
    page_html_list = []
    page_html_list.append('<nav aria-label="page navigation"><ul class="pagination">')
    # 加首页
    first_li = '<li><a href="/publisher_list/?page=1">首页</a></li>'
    page_html_list.append(first_li)
    # 加上一页
    if current_page == 1:
        prev_li = '<li><a href="#"><span aria-hidden="true">&laquo;</span></a></li>'
    else:
        prev_li = '<li><a href="/publisher_list/?page={}"><span aria-hidden="true">&laquo;</span></a></li>'.format(current_page - 1)
    page_html_list.append(prev_li)
    for i in range(page_start, page_end + 1):
        if i == current_page:
            li_tag = '<li class="active"><a href="/publisher_list/?page={0}">{0}</a></li>'.format(i)
        else:
            li_tag = '<li><a href="/publisher_list/?page={0}">{0}</a></li>'.format(i)
        page_html_list.append(li_tag)
    # 加下一页
    if current_page == total_page:
        next_li = '<li><a href="#"><span aria-hidden="true">&raquo;</span></a></li>'
    else:
        next_li = '<li><a href="/publisher_list/?page={}"><span aria-hidden="true">&raquo;</span></a></li>'.format(current_page + 1)
    page_html_list.append(next_li)
    # 加尾页
    page_end_li = '<li><a href="/publisher_list/?page={}">尾页</a></li>'.format(total_page)
    page_html_list.append(page_end_li)
    page_html_list.append('</ul></nav>')
    page_html = "".join(page_html_list)
    return render(request, "publisher_list.html", {"publisher_list": publisher_list, "page_html": page_html})
class pagination(object):
    """自定义分页（bootstrap版）"""
    def __init__(self, current_page, total_count, base_url, per_page=10, max_show=11):
        """
        :param current_page: 当前请求的页码
        :param total_count: 总数据量
        :param base_url: 请求的url
        :param per_page: 每页显示的数据量，默认值为10
        :param max_show: 页面上最多显示多少个页码，默认值为11
        """
        try:
            self.current_page = int(current_page)
        except exception as e:
            # 取不到或者页码数不是数字都默认展示第1页
            self.current_page = 1
        # 定义每页显示多少条数据
        self.per_page = per_page
        # 计算出总页码数
        total_page, more = divmod(total_count, per_page)
        if more:
            total_page += 1
        self.total_page = total_page
        # 定义页面上最多显示多少页码(为了左右对称，一般设为奇数)
        self.max_show = max_show
        self.half_show = max_show // 2
        self.base_url = base_url

    @property
    def start(self):
        return (self.current_page-1) * self.per_page

    @property
    def end(self):
        return self.current_page * self.per_page

    def page_html(self):
        # 计算一下页面显示的页码范围
        if self.total_page <= self.max_show:  # 总页码数小于最大显示页码数
            page_start = 1
            page_end = self.total_page
        elif self.current_page + self.half_show >= self.total_page:  # 右边越界
            page_end = self.total_page
            page_start = self.total_page - self.max_show
        elif self.current_page - self.half_show <= 1:  # 左边越界
            page_start = 1
            page_end = self.max_show
        else:  # 正常页码区间
            page_start = self.current_page - self.half_show
            page_end = self.current_page + self.half_show
        # 生成页面上显示的页码
        page_html_list = []
        page_html_list.append('<nav aria-label="page navigation"><ul class="pagination">')
        # 加首页
        first_li = '<li><a href="{}?page=1">首页</a></li>'.format(self.base_url)
        page_html_list.append(first_li)
        # 加上一页
        if self.current_page == 1:
            prev_li = '<li><a href="#"><span aria-hidden="true">&laquo;</span></a></li>'
        else:
            prev_li = '<li><a href="{}?page={}"><span aria-hidden="true">&laquo;</span></a></li>'.format(
                self.base_url, self.current_page - 1)
        page_html_list.append(prev_li)
        for i in range(page_start, page_end + 1):
            if i == self.current_page:
                li_tag = '<li class="active"><a href="{0}?page={1}">{1}</a></li>'.format(self.base_url, i)
            else:
                li_tag = '<li><a href="{0}?page={1}">{1}</a></li>'.format(self.base_url, i)
            page_html_list.append(li_tag)
        # 加下一页
        if self.current_page == self.total_page:
            next_li = '<li><a href="#"><span aria-hidden="true">&raquo;</span></a></li>'
        else:
            next_li = '<li><a href="{}?page={}"><span aria-hidden="true">&raquo;</span></a></li>'.format(
                self.base_url, self.current_page + 1)
        page_html_list.append(next_li)
        # 加尾页
        page_end_li = '<li><a href="{}?page={}">尾页</a></li>'.format(self.base_url, self.total_page)
        page_html_list.append(page_end_li)
        page_html_list.append('</ul></nav>')
        return "".join(page_html_list)
def publisher_list(request):
    # 从url中取当前访问的页码数
    current_page = int(request.get.get('page'))
    # 比len(models.publisher.objects.all())更高效
    total_count = models.publisher.objects.count()
    page_obj = pagination(current_page, total_count, request.path_info)
    data = models.publisher.objects.all()[page_obj.start:page_obj.end]
    page_html = page_obj.page_html()
    return render(request, "publisher_list.html", {"publisher_list": data, "page_html": page_html})

　　再来一版django内置分页器的分页

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.core.paginator import paginator, emptypage, pagenotaninteger

l = []
for i in range(999):
    l.append(i)

def index(request):
    current_page = request.get.get('p')

    paginator = paginator(l, 10)
    # per_page: 每页显示条目数量
    # count:    数据总个数
    # num_pages:总页数
    # page_range:总页数的索引范围，如: (1,10),(1,200)
    # page:     page对象
    try:
        posts = paginator.page(current_page)
        # has_next              是否有下一页
        # next_page_number      下一页页码
        # has_previous          是否有上一页
        # previous_page_number  上一页页码
        # object_list           分页之后的数据列表
        # number                当前页
        # paginator             paginator对象
    except pagenotaninteger:
        posts = paginator.page(1)
    except emptypage:
        posts = paginator.page(paginator.num_pages)
    return render(request, 'index.html', {'posts': posts})
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head lang="en">
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title></title>
</head>
<body>
<ul>
    {% for item in posts %}
        <li>{{ item }}</li>
    {% endfor %}
</ul>

<div class="pagination">
      <span class="step-links">
        {% if posts.has_previous %}
            <a href="?p={{ posts.previous_page_number }}">previous</a>
        {% endif %}
          <span class="current">
            page {{ posts.number }} of {{ posts.paginator.num_pages }}.
          </span>
          {% if posts.has_next %}
              <a href="?p={{ posts.next_page_number }}">next</a>
          {% endif %}
      </span>

</div>
</body>
</html>

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