CentOS6.3 KVM如何设置网卡为桥接模式
程序员文章站
2022-06-25 17:40:03
KVM的默认网络模式为NAT，就是说借助宿主机模式上网，现在我们想改成桥接模式，这样外界就可以直接和宿主机里的虚拟机通讯了，本文将介绍此方法的实现... 12-11-28...
kvm的默认网络模式为nat，就是说借助宿主机模式上网，现在我们想改成桥接模式，这样外界就可以直接和宿主机里的虚拟机通讯了。
1，首先看一下默认的网络设置
# cat /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml
<network>
<name>default</name>
<uuid>1f118032-0345-4725-adcf-6b94f6aca19c</uuid>
<bridge name="virbr0" />
<mac address='52:54:00:f1:6b:6e'/>
<forward/>
<ip address="192.168.122.1" netmask="255.255.255.0">
<dhcp>
<range start="192.168.122.2" end="192.168.122.254" />
</dhcp>
</ip>
</network>
2，再看一下虚拟机配置文件里面的网络设置
#cat /etc/libvirt/qemu/ubuntu10.04.xml
<!--
warning: this is an auto-generated file. changes to it are likely to be
overwritten and lost. changes to this xml configuration should be made using:
virsh edit ubuntu10.04
or other application using the libvirt api.
-->
<domain type='kvm'>
<name>ubuntu10.04</name>
<uuid>2eeb1395-39a2-a169-4da3-f22b20a1d34f</uuid>
<memory unit='kib'>1048576</memory>
<currentmemory unit='kib'>1048576</currentmemory>
<vcpu placement='static'>1</vcpu>
<os>
<type arch='x86_64' machine='rhel6.3.0'>hvm</type>
<boot dev='hd'/>
</os>
<features>
<acpi/>
<apic/>
<pae/>
</features>
<clock offset='utc'/>
<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
<on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
<on_crash>restart</on_crash>
<devices>
<emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator>
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
<driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='none'/>
<source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/ubuntu10.04.img'/>
<target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>
</disk>
<disk type='block' device='cdrom'>
<driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
<target dev='hdc' bus='ide'/>
<readonly/>
<address type='drive' controller='0' bus='1' target='0' unit='0'/>
</disk>
<controller type='usb' index='0'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x2'/>
</controller>
<controller type='ide' index='0'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>
</controller>
<interface type='bridge'> 原来是interface type='default'
<mac address='52:54:00:50:58:7e'/>
<source bridge='br1'/> 原来是source network='default',这里的br1要根据你的物理网卡下面有讲
<model type='virtio'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
</interface>
<serial type='pty'>
<target port='0'/>
</serial>
<console type='pty'>
<target type='serial' port='0'/>
</console>
<input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>
<graphics type='vnc' port='-1' autoport='yes'/>
<sound model='ich6'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/>
</sound>
<video>
<model type='cirrus' vram='9216' heads='1'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
</video>
<memballoon model='virtio'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/>
</memballoon>
</devices>
</domain>
[/code]
3，改完之后要更新一下配置文件
# virsh define ubuntu10.04.xml
定义域 ubuntu10.04（从 ubuntu10.04.xml）
#然后就可以virsh start ubuntu10.04了，不过现在物理网卡这块还没有改好
4，物理网卡可以手动更改，不过现在有现成的工具包，可以用这个更改
#wget http://www.convirture.com/downloads/convirture-tools/2.0.1/convirture-tools-2.0.1.tar.gz
# tar zxvf convirture-tools-2.0.1.tar.gz
# /root/convirture-tools/install/managed_server/scripts/convirt-tool --bridge setup
我的这里出现了点小问题，发现网络没起来，所以不要远程来做这个操作，主要原因是里面的配置文件有点需要
小的更改，我的是uuid注释了。
# ls ifcfg-*
ifcfg-br1 ifcfg-br2 ifcfg-br3 ifcfg-br4 ifcfg-em1 ifcfg-em2 ifcfg-em3 ifcfg-em4 ifcfg-lo
我这里有四个物理网卡，所以生成了四个bridge,不过真实用的只有br1
这个工具好有一个好处就是保存了原配置文件，如果你不想用时还可以还原
# ls saved.ifcfg-em*
saved.ifcfg-em1.20121128.101114 saved.ifcfg-em3.20121128.101114
saved.ifcfg-em2.20121128.101114 saved.ifcfg-em4.20121128.101114
看下ifceg-em1
# cat ifcfg-em1
device="em1"
#bootproto=none
nm_controlled="yes"
onboot=yes
type="ethernet"
#uuid="3bc7fdcc-42b1-4223-b202-e697305897c8"
#ipaddr172.16.10.81
prefix=24
gateway=172.16.10.254
dns1=172.16.10.5
defroute=yes
ipv4_failure_fatal=yes
ipv6init=no
name="system em1"
hwaddr=90:b1:1c:20:4d:a5
bridge=br1
看下ifcfg-br1
# cat ifcfg-br1
device="br1"
bootproto=none
nm_controlled="yes"
onboot=yes
#uuid="3bc7fdcc-42b1-4223-b202-e697305897c8"
ipaddr=172.16.10.81
prefix=24
gateway=172.16.10.254
dns1=172.16.10.5
defroute=yes
ipv4_failure_fatal=yes
ipv6init=no
name="system br1"
type=bridge
最后看下网卡
# ifconfig
br1 link encap:ethernet hwaddr 90:b1:1c:20:4d:a5
inet addr:172.16.10.81 bcast:172.16.10.255 mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::92b1:1cff:fe20:4da5/64 scope:link
up broadcast running multicast mtu:1500 metric:1
rx packets:10219 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
tx packets:3776 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
rx bytes:576031 (562.5 kib) tx bytes:15928008 (15.1 mib)
em1 link encap:ethernet hwaddr 90:b1:1c:20:4d:a5
inet6 addr: fe80::92b1:1cff:fe20:4da5/64 scope:link
up broadcast running multicast mtu:1500 metric:1
rx packets:10362 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
tx packets:13131 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
rx bytes:766684 (748.7 kib) tx bytes:16489098 (15.7 mib)
interrupt:35
lo link encap:local loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 scope:host
up loopback running mtu:16436 metric:1
rx packets:144411 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
tx packets:144411 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
rx bytes:147381248 (140.5 mib) tx bytes:147381248 (140.5 mib)
virbr0 link encap:ethernet hwaddr 52:54:00:f1:6b:6e
inet addr:192.168.122.1 bcast:192.168.122.255 mask:255.255.255.0
up broadcast running multicast mtu:1500 metric:1
rx packets:2028 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
tx packets:1135 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
rx bytes:233311 (227.8 kib) tx bytes:89372 (87.2 kib)
vnet0 link encap:ethernet hwaddr fe:54:00:50:58:7e
inet6 addr: fe80::fc54:ff:fe50:587e/64 scope:link
up broadcast running multicast mtu:1500 metric:1
rx packets:161 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
tx packets:3117 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:500
rx bytes:15533 (15.1 kib) tx bytes:263947 (257.7 kib)
vnet1 link encap:ethernet hwaddr fe:54:00:b5:1a:19
inet6 addr: fe80::fc54:ff:feb5:1a19/64 scope:link
up broadcast running multicast mtu:1500 metric:1
rx packets:56 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
tx packets:794 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:500
rx bytes:8754 (8.5 kib) tx bytes:42245 (41.2 kib)
5,启动虚拟机ubuntu10.04后配置网卡
#cat /etc/network/interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 172.16.10.100
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 172.16.10.254
#/etc/init.d/networking restart
启动即可
1，首先看一下默认的网络设置
复制代码
代码如下:# cat /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml
<network>
<name>default</name>
<uuid>1f118032-0345-4725-adcf-6b94f6aca19c</uuid>
<bridge name="virbr0" />
<mac address='52:54:00:f1:6b:6e'/>
<forward/>
<ip address="192.168.122.1" netmask="255.255.255.0">
<dhcp>
<range start="192.168.122.2" end="192.168.122.254" />
</dhcp>
</ip>
</network>
2，再看一下虚拟机配置文件里面的网络设置
#cat /etc/libvirt/qemu/ubuntu10.04.xml
<!--
warning: this is an auto-generated file. changes to it are likely to be
overwritten and lost. changes to this xml configuration should be made using:
virsh edit ubuntu10.04
or other application using the libvirt api.
-->
<domain type='kvm'>
<name>ubuntu10.04</name>
<uuid>2eeb1395-39a2-a169-4da3-f22b20a1d34f</uuid>
<memory unit='kib'>1048576</memory>
<currentmemory unit='kib'>1048576</currentmemory>
<vcpu placement='static'>1</vcpu>
<os>
<type arch='x86_64' machine='rhel6.3.0'>hvm</type>
<boot dev='hd'/>
</os>
<features>
<acpi/>
<apic/>
<pae/>
</features>
<clock offset='utc'/>
<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
<on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
<on_crash>restart</on_crash>
<devices>
<emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator>
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
<driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='none'/>
<source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/ubuntu10.04.img'/>
<target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>
</disk>
<disk type='block' device='cdrom'>
<driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
<target dev='hdc' bus='ide'/>
<readonly/>
<address type='drive' controller='0' bus='1' target='0' unit='0'/>
</disk>
<controller type='usb' index='0'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x2'/>
</controller>
<controller type='ide' index='0'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>
</controller>
<interface type='bridge'> 原来是interface type='default'
<mac address='52:54:00:50:58:7e'/>
<source bridge='br1'/> 原来是source network='default',这里的br1要根据你的物理网卡下面有讲
<model type='virtio'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
</interface>
<serial type='pty'>
<target port='0'/>
</serial>
<console type='pty'>
<target type='serial' port='0'/>
</console>
<input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>
<graphics type='vnc' port='-1' autoport='yes'/>
<sound model='ich6'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/>
</sound>
<video>
<model type='cirrus' vram='9216' heads='1'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
</video>
<memballoon model='virtio'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/>
</memballoon>
</devices>
</domain>
[/code]
3，改完之后要更新一下配置文件
# virsh define ubuntu10.04.xml
定义域 ubuntu10.04（从 ubuntu10.04.xml）
#然后就可以virsh start ubuntu10.04了，不过现在物理网卡这块还没有改好
4，物理网卡可以手动更改，不过现在有现成的工具包，可以用这个更改
#wget http://www.convirture.com/downloads/convirture-tools/2.0.1/convirture-tools-2.0.1.tar.gz
# tar zxvf convirture-tools-2.0.1.tar.gz
# /root/convirture-tools/install/managed_server/scripts/convirt-tool --bridge setup
我的这里出现了点小问题，发现网络没起来，所以不要远程来做这个操作，主要原因是里面的配置文件有点需要
小的更改，我的是uuid注释了。
# ls ifcfg-*
ifcfg-br1 ifcfg-br2 ifcfg-br3 ifcfg-br4 ifcfg-em1 ifcfg-em2 ifcfg-em3 ifcfg-em4 ifcfg-lo
我这里有四个物理网卡，所以生成了四个bridge,不过真实用的只有br1
这个工具好有一个好处就是保存了原配置文件，如果你不想用时还可以还原
# ls saved.ifcfg-em*
saved.ifcfg-em1.20121128.101114 saved.ifcfg-em3.20121128.101114
saved.ifcfg-em2.20121128.101114 saved.ifcfg-em4.20121128.101114
看下ifceg-em1
# cat ifcfg-em1
device="em1"
#bootproto=none
nm_controlled="yes"
onboot=yes
type="ethernet"
#uuid="3bc7fdcc-42b1-4223-b202-e697305897c8"
#ipaddr172.16.10.81
prefix=24
gateway=172.16.10.254
dns1=172.16.10.5
defroute=yes
ipv4_failure_fatal=yes
ipv6init=no
name="system em1"
hwaddr=90:b1:1c:20:4d:a5
bridge=br1
看下ifcfg-br1
# cat ifcfg-br1
device="br1"
bootproto=none
nm_controlled="yes"
onboot=yes
#uuid="3bc7fdcc-42b1-4223-b202-e697305897c8"
ipaddr=172.16.10.81
prefix=24
gateway=172.16.10.254
dns1=172.16.10.5
defroute=yes
ipv4_failure_fatal=yes
ipv6init=no
name="system br1"
type=bridge
最后看下网卡
# ifconfig
br1 link encap:ethernet hwaddr 90:b1:1c:20:4d:a5
inet addr:172.16.10.81 bcast:172.16.10.255 mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::92b1:1cff:fe20:4da5/64 scope:link
up broadcast running multicast mtu:1500 metric:1
rx packets:10219 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
tx packets:3776 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
rx bytes:576031 (562.5 kib) tx bytes:15928008 (15.1 mib)
em1 link encap:ethernet hwaddr 90:b1:1c:20:4d:a5
inet6 addr: fe80::92b1:1cff:fe20:4da5/64 scope:link
up broadcast running multicast mtu:1500 metric:1
rx packets:10362 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
tx packets:13131 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
rx bytes:766684 (748.7 kib) tx bytes:16489098 (15.7 mib)
interrupt:35
lo link encap:local loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 scope:host
up loopback running mtu:16436 metric:1
rx packets:144411 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
tx packets:144411 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
rx bytes:147381248 (140.5 mib) tx bytes:147381248 (140.5 mib)
virbr0 link encap:ethernet hwaddr 52:54:00:f1:6b:6e
inet addr:192.168.122.1 bcast:192.168.122.255 mask:255.255.255.0
up broadcast running multicast mtu:1500 metric:1
rx packets:2028 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
tx packets:1135 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
rx bytes:233311 (227.8 kib) tx bytes:89372 (87.2 kib)
vnet0 link encap:ethernet hwaddr fe:54:00:50:58:7e
inet6 addr: fe80::fc54:ff:fe50:587e/64 scope:link
up broadcast running multicast mtu:1500 metric:1
rx packets:161 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
tx packets:3117 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:500
rx bytes:15533 (15.1 kib) tx bytes:263947 (257.7 kib)
vnet1 link encap:ethernet hwaddr fe:54:00:b5:1a:19
inet6 addr: fe80::fc54:ff:feb5:1a19/64 scope:link
up broadcast running multicast mtu:1500 metric:1
rx packets:56 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
tx packets:794 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:500
rx bytes:8754 (8.5 kib) tx bytes:42245 (41.2 kib)
5,启动虚拟机ubuntu10.04后配置网卡
#cat /etc/network/interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 172.16.10.100
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 172.16.10.254
#/etc/init.d/networking restart
启动即可