在Linux中使用Smartctl监控磁盘性能的方法

smartctl（s.m.a.r.t 自监控，分析和报告技术）是类unix系统下实施smart任务命令行套件或工具，它用于打印smart自检和错误日志，启用并禁用smrat自动检测，以及初始化设备自检。

smartctl对于linux物理服务器十分有用，在这些服务器上，可以对智能磁盘进行错误检查，并将与硬件raid相关的磁盘信息摘录下来。

在本帖中，我们将讨论smartctl命令的一些实用样例。如果你的linux上海没有安装smartctl，请按以下步骤来安装。
安装 smartctl

对于 ubuntu

   

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代码如下:

$ sudo apt-get install smartmontools

对于 centos & rhel

   

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代码如下:

# yum install smartmontools

启动smartctl服务

对于 ubuntu

   

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代码如下:

$ sudo /etc/init.d/smartmontools start

对于 centos & rhel

   

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代码如下:

# service smartd start ; chkconfig smartd on

样例
样例：1 检查磁盘的 smart 功能是否启用

   

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代码如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -i /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
copyright (c) 2002-13, bruce allen, christian franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== start of information section ===
model family: seagate momentus 5400.6
device model: st9320325as
serial number: 5vd2v59t
lu wwn device id: 5 000c50 020a37ec4
firmware version: 0002bsm1
user capacity: 320,072,933,376 bytes [320 gb]
sector size: 512 bytes logical/physical
rotation rate: 5400 rpm
device is: in smartctl database [for details use: -p show]
ata version is: ata8-acs t13/1699-d revision 4
sata version is: sata 2.6, 1.5 gb/s
local time is: sun nov 16 12:32:09 2014 ist
smart support is: available - device has smart capability.
smart support is: enabled

这里‘/dev/sdb’是你的硬盘。上面输出中的最后两行显示了smart功能已启用。
样例：2 启用磁盘的 smart 功能

   

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代码如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -s on /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
copyright (c) 2002-13, bruce allen, christian franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== start of enable/disable commands section ===
smart enabled.

样例：3 禁用磁盘的 smart 功能

   

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代码如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -s off /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
copyright (c) 2002-13, bruce allen, christian franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== start of enable/disable commands section ===
smart disabled. use option -s with argument 'on' to enable it.

样例：4 显示磁盘的详细 smart 信息

   

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代码如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -a /dev/sdb // for ide drive
root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -a -d ata /dev/sdb // for sata drive

样例：5 显示磁盘总体健康状况

   

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代码如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -h /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
copyright (c) 2002-13, bruce allen, christian franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== start of read smart data section ===
smart overall-health self-assessment test result: passed
warning: this result is based on an attribute check.
please note the following marginal attributes:
id# attribute_name flag value worst thresh type updated when_failed raw_value
190 airflow_temperature_cel 0x0022 067 045 045 old_age always in_the_past 33 (min/max 25/33)

样例：6 使用long和short选项测试硬盘

long测试

   

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代码如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=long /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
copyright (c) 2002-13, bruce allen, christian franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== start of offline immediate and self-test section ===
sending command: "execute smart extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
drive command "execute smart extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
testing has begun.
please wait 102 minutes for test to complete.
test will complete after sun nov 16 14:29:43 2014

use smartctl -x to abort test.

或者，我们可以重定向测试输出到日志文件，就像下面这样

   

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代码如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=long /dev/sdb > /var/log/long.text

short测试

   

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代码如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=short /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
copyright (c) 2002-13, bruce allen, christian franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== start of offline immediate and self-test section ===
sending command: "execute smart short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
drive command "execute smart short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
testing has begun.
please wait 1 minutes for test to complete.
test will complete after sun nov 16 12:51:45 2014

    
    use smartctl -x to abort test.

或

   

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代码如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=short /dev/sdb > /var/log/short.text

注意：short测试将花费最多2分钟，而在long测试中没有时间限制，因为它会读取并验证磁盘的每个段。
样例：7 查看驱动器的自检结果

   

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代码如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -l selftest /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
copyright (c) 2002-13, bruce allen, christian franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== start of read smart data section ===
smart self-test log structure revision number 1
num test_description status remaining lifetime(hours) lba_of_first_error
# 1 short offline completed: read failure 90% 492 210841222
# 2 extended offline completed: read failure 90% 492 210841222

样例：8 计算测试时间估值

   

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代码如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -c /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
copyright (c) 2002-13, bruce allen, christian franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== start of read smart data section ===
general smart values:
offline data collection status: (0x00) offline data collection activity
was never started.
auto offline data collection: disabled.
self-test execution status: ( 121) the previous self-test completed having
the read element of the test failed.
total time to complete offline
data collection: ( 0) seconds.
offline data collection
capabilities: (0x73) smart execute offline immediate.
auto offline data collection on/off support.
suspend offline collection upon new
command.
no offline surface scan supported.
self-test supported.
conveyance self-test supported.
selective self-test supported.
smart capabilities: (0x0003) saves smart data before entering
power-saving mode.
supports smart auto save timer.
error logging capability: (0x01) error logging supported.
general purpose logging supported.
short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 102) minutes.
conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
sct capabilities: (0x103b) sct status supported.
sct error recovery control supported.
sct feature control supported.
sct data table supported.

样例：9 显示磁盘错误日志

   

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代码如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -l error /dev/sdb

sample output

smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
copyright (c) 2002-13, bruce allen, christian franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== start of read smart data section ===
smart error log version: 1
ata error count: 5
cr = command register [hex]
fr = features register [hex]
sc = sector count register [hex]
sn = sector number register [hex]
cl = cylinder low register [hex]
ch = cylinder high register [hex]
dh = device/head register [hex]
dc = device command register [hex]
er = error register [hex]
st = status register [hex]
powered_up_time is measured from power on, and printed as
ddd+hh:mm:ss.sss where dd=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
ss=sec, and sss=millisec. it "wraps" after 49.710 days.

commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
cr fr sc sn cl ch dh dc powered_up_time command/feature_name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 da 08 e7 e5 a5 4c 00 00:30:44.515 read dma ext
25 da 08 df e5 a5 4c 00 00:30:44.514 read dma ext
25 da 80 5f e5 a5 4c 00 00:30:44.502 read dma ext
25 da f0 5f e6 a5 4c 00 00:30:44.496 read dma ext
25 da 10 4f e6 a5 4c 00 00:30:44.383 read dma ext