KVM虚拟化安装部署及管理教程
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2022-06-18 14:03:16
目录1.kvm部署1.1 kvm安装1.2 kvm web管理界面安装1.3 kvm web界面管理1.3.1 kvm连接管理1.3.2 kvm存储管理1.3.3 kvm网络管理1.3.4 实例管理故...
1.kvm部署
1.1 kvm安装
//关闭防火墙和selinux [root@kvm ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service. removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.firewalld1.service. [root@kvm ~]# sed -i 's/selinux=enforcing/selinux=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config [root@kvm ~]# reboot //下载epel源和工具包 [root@kvm ~]# yum -y install epel-release vim wget net-tools unzip zip gcc gcc-c++ //验证cpu是否支持kvm;如果结果中有vmx(intel)或svm(amd)字样,就说明cpu的支持的 [root@kvm ~]# egrep -o 'vmx|svm' /proc/cpuinfo //安装kvm [root@kvm ~]# yum -y install qemu-kvm qemu-kvm-tools qemu-img virt-manager libvirt libvirt-python libvirt-client virt-install virt-viewer bridge-utils libguestfs-tools //桥接网卡,用br0来桥接ens160网卡 [root@kvm ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ [root@kvm network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-br0 [root@kvm network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-br0 type=bridge device=br0 nm_controlled=no bootproto=static name=br0 onboot=yes ipaddr=192.168.237.131 netmask=255.255.255.0 gateway=192.168.237.2 dns1=114.114.114.114 dns2=8.8.8.8 [root@kvm network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-ens33 type=ethernet bootproto=static name=ens33 device=ens33 onboot=yes bridge=br0 nm_controlled=no //重启网络 [root@kvm ~]# systemctl restart network [root@kvm ~]# ip a 1: lo: <loopback,up,lower_up> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state unknown group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: ens33: <broadcast,multicast,up,lower_up> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br0 state up group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:7b:10:a5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7b:10a5/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: br0: <broadcast,multicast,up,lower_up> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state up group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:7b:10:a5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.237.131/24 brd 192.168.237.255 scope global br0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7b:10a5/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 4: virbr0: <no-carrier,broadcast,multicast,up> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state down group default qlen 1000 link/ether 52:54:00:1c:33:d6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 5: virbr0-nic: <broadcast,multicast> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state down group default qlen 1000 link/ether 52:54:00:1c:33:d6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff //启动服务 [root@kvm ~]# systemctl enable --now libvirtd //验证安装结果 [root@kvm ~]# lsmod|grep kvm kvm_intel 188740 0 kvm 637289 1 kvm_intel irqbypass 13503 1 kvm //测试 [root@kvm ~]# virsh -c qemu:///system list id 名称 状态 ---------------------------------------------------- [root@kvm ~]# virsh --version 4.5.0 [root@kvm ~]# virt-install --version 1.5.0 [root@kvm ~]# ln -s /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm /usr/bin/qemu-kvm [root@kvm ~]# ll /usr/bin/qemu-kvm lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 10月 20 23:14 /usr/bin/qemu-kvm -> /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm //查看网桥信息 [root@kvm ~]# brctl show bridge name bridge id stp enabled interfaces br0 8000.000c297b10a5 no ens33 virbr0 8000.5254001c33d6 yes virbr0-nic
1.2 kvm web管理界面安装
kvm 的 web 管理界面是由 webvirtmgr 程序提供的。
//安装依赖包 [root@kvm ~]# yum -y install git python-pip libvirt-python libxml2-python python-websockify supervisor nginx python-devel //从github上下载webvirtmgr代码 [root@kvm ~]# cd /usr/local/src/ [root@kvm src]# git clone git://github.com/retspen/webvirtmgr.git 正克隆到 'webvirtmgr'... remote: enumerating objects: 5614, done. remote: total 5614 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 5614 接收对象中: 100% (5614/5614), 2.97 mib | 29.00 kib/s, done. 处理 delta 中: 100% (3606/3606), done. //安装webvirtmgr [root@kvm src]# cd webvirtmgr/ [root@kvm webvirtmgr]# pip install -r requirements.txt collecting django==1.5.5 (from -r requirements.txt (line 1)) downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/38/49/93511c5d3367b6b21fc2995a0e53399721afc15e4cd6eb57be879ae13ad4/django-1.5.5.tar.gz (8.1mb) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 8.1mb 49kb/s ...... //检查sqlite3是否安装 [root@kvm webvirtmgr]# python python 2.7.5 (default, nov 16 2020, 22:23:17) [gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (red hat 4.8.5-44)] on linux2 type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import sqlite3 >>> exit() //初始化账号信息 [root@kvm webvirtmgr]# python manage.py syncdb warning:root:no local_settings file found. creating tables ... creating table auth_permission creating table auth_group_permissions creating table auth_group creating table auth_user_groups creating table auth_user_user_permissions creating table auth_user creating table django_content_type creating table django_session creating table django_site creating table servers_compute creating table instance_instance creating table create_flavor you just installed django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined. would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes username (leave blank to use 'root'): admin email address: 123@qq.com password: password (again): superuser created successfully. installing custom sql ... installing indexes ... installed 6 object(s) from 1 fixture(s) //拷贝web网页至指定目录 [root@kvm webvirtmgr]# mkdir /var/www [root@kvm webvirtmgr]# cp -r /usr/local/src/webvirtmgr /var/www/ [root@kvm webvirtmgr]# chown -r nginx.nginx /var/www/webvirtmgr/ //生成密钥 [root@kvm ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa generating public/private rsa key pair. enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): created directory '/root/.ssh'. enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): enter same passphrase again: your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. the key fingerprint is: sha256:icylaymyxabksogsihmjqgjsby0ogfwf1p2zeipwuxy root@kvm the key's randomart image is: +---[rsa 2048]----+ |o+ . . . . | |/ooo o . + | |&*+ o . o | |x+.. = . o | |= o..* s | |. . +o.e o | | . .... = . | | o | | ... | +----[sha256]-----+ [root@kvm ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.237.131 /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: info: source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub" the authenticity of host '192.168.237.131 (192.168.237.131)' can't be established. ecdsa key fingerprint is sha256:/ar9dyun0pn9lohywfheue5lgyczvmh9myv9+2gcabm. ecdsa key fingerprint is md5:30:f6:de:5a:7d:c2:08:b5:b7:31:61:4a:4e:dd:32:73. are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: info: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: info: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys root@192.168.237.131's password: number of key(s) added: 1 now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '192.168.237.131'" and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added. //配置端口转发 [root@kvm ~]# ssh 192.168.237.131 -l localhost:8000:localhost:8000 -l localhost:6080:localhost:60 last login: wed oct 20 23:12:00 2021 from 192.168.237.1 [root@kvm ~]# ss -anlt state recv-q send-q local address:port peer address:port listen 0 128 127.0.0.1:6080 *:* listen 0 128 127.0.0.1:8000 *:* listen 0 128 *:111 *:* listen 0 5 192.168.122.1:53 *:* listen 0 128 *:22 *:* listen 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* listen 0 128 [::1]:6080 [::]:* listen 0 128 [::1]:8000 [::]:* listen 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:* listen 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:* listen 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:* //配置nginx [root@kvm ~]# cd /etc/nginx/ [root@kvm nginx]# ls conf.d fastcgi_params mime.types scgi_params win-utf default.d fastcgi_params.default mime.types.default scgi_params.default fastcgi.conf koi-utf nginx.conf uwsgi_params fastcgi.conf.default koi-win nginx.conf.default uwsgi_params.default [root@kvm nginx]# cp nginx.conf nginx.conf-bak //备份 [root@kvm nginx]# cat nginx.conf user nginx; worker_processes auto; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; pid /run/nginx.pid; include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 65; types_hash_max_size 2048; include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; server { listen 80; server_name localhost; include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf; location / { root html; index index.html index.htm; } error_page 404 /404.html; location = /40x.html { } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { } } } [root@kvm conf.d]# pwd /etc/nginx/conf.d [root@kvm conf.d]# vi webvirtmgr.conf [root@kvm conf.d]# cat webvirtmgr.conf server { listen 80 default_server; server_name $hostname; #access_log /var/log/nginx/webvirtmgr_access_log; location /static/ { root /var/www/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr; expires max; } location / { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000; proxy_set_header x-real-ip $remote_addr; proxy_set_header x-forwarded-for $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header host $host:$server_port; proxy_set_header x-forwarded-proto $remote_addr; proxy_connect_timeout 600; proxy_read_timeout 600; proxy_send_timeout 600; client_max_body_size 1024m; } } //确保bind绑定的是本机的8000端口 [root@kvm ~]# vim /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py bind = '0.0.0.0:8000' //修改此行 backlog = 2048 //启动nginx [root@kvm ~]# systemctl enable --now nginx created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service. [root@kvm ~]# ss -anlt state recv-q send-q local address:port peer address:port listen 0 128 127.0.0.1:6080 *:* listen 0 128 127.0.0.1:8000 *:* listen 0 128 *:111 *:* listen 0 128 *:80 *:* listen 0 5 192.168.122.1:53 *:* listen 0 128 *:22 *:* listen 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* listen 0 128 [::1]:6080 [::]:* listen 0 128 [::1]:8000 [::]:* listen 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:* listen 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:* listen 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:* //设置supervisor [root@kvm ~]# vim /etc/supervisord.conf #在最后添加下面的内容 [program:webvirtmgr] command=/usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py directory=/var/www/webvirtmgr autostart=true autorestart=true logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr.log log_stderr=true user=nginx [program:webvirtmgr-console] command=/usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/console/webvirtmgr-console directory=/var/www/webvirtmgr autostart=true autorestart=true stdout_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr-console.log redirect_stderr=true user=nginx //启动supervisor [root@kvm ~]# systemctl enable --now supervisord created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/supervisord.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/supervisord.service. [root@kvm ~]# systemctl status supervisord ● supervisord.service - process monitoring and control daemon loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/supervisord.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) active: active (running) since 三 2021-10-20 23:53:33 cst; 12s ago process: 46734 execstart=/usr/bin/supervisord -c /etc/supervisord.conf (code=exited, status=0/success) main pid: 46737 (supervisord) //配置nginx用户 [root@kvm ~]# su - nginx -s /bin/bash -bash-4.2$ ssh-keygen -t rsa generating public/private rsa key pair. enter file in which to save the key (/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa): created directory '/var/lib/nginx/.ssh'. enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): enter same passphrase again: your identification has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa. your public key has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. the key fingerprint is: sha256:s46h+cyfvcgw+6z68pxzgbknlldpdipd6lmzpopybwi nginx@kvm the key's randomart image is: +---[rsa 2048]----+ | | | | |e.. | |oo+ | |o.o+ . s | | o.o.+ * . | |. =.* o * | | =ox=x * o | |++**%b= . | +----[sha256]-----+ -bash-4.2$ touch ~/.ssh/config && echo -e "stricthostkeychecking=no\nuserknownhostsfile=/dev/null" >> ~/.ssh/config -bash-4.2$ chmod 0600 ~/.ssh/config -bash-4.2$ ssh-copy-id root@192.168.237.131 /bin/ssh-copy-id: info: source of key(s) to be installed: "/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub" /bin/ssh-copy-id: info: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed /bin/ssh-copy-id: info: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys warning: permanently added '192.168.237.131' (ecdsa) to the list of known hosts. root@192.168.237.131's password: number of key(s) added: 1 now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@192.168.237.131'" and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added. -bash-4.2$ exit 登出 [root@kvm ~]# vim /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla [remote libvirt ssh access] identity=unix-user:root action=org.libvirt.unix.manage resultany=yes resultinactive=yes resultactive=yes [root@kvm ~]# chown -r root.root /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla [root@kvm ~]# systemctl restart nginx [root@kvm ~]# systemctl restart libvirtd
1.3 kvm web界面管理
通过ip地址在浏览器*问kvm
1.3.1 kvm连接管理
创建ssh连接:
1.3.2 kvm存储管理
创建存储:
进入存储:
通过远程连接软件上传iso镜像文件至存储目录/var/lib/libvirt/images/
[root@kvm ~]# ls /var/lib/libvirt/images/ centos-8.4.2105-x86_64-dvd1.iso
在 web 界面查看iso镜像是否存在
创建系统安装镜像
1.3.3 kvm网络管理
添加桥接网络
1.3.4 实例管理
实例(虚拟机)创建
虚拟机插入光盘
设置在 web *问虚拟机的密码
启动虚拟机
打开控制台
安装虚拟机
安装完成
故障
web界面无法访问,命令行报错(accept: too many open files)
对nginx进行配置 [root@kvm ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf user nginx; worker_processes auto; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; pid /run/nginx.pid; worker_rlimit_nofile 655350; //添加此行 [root@kvm ~]# systemctl restart nginx.service 对系统参数进行设置 [root@kvm ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf # end of file //添加下面两行 * soft nofile 655350 * hard nofile 655350 重启虚拟机,就能成功访问 [root@kvm ~]# reboot
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