KVM虚拟化安装部署及管理教程
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2022-03-09 19:41:02
目录1.kvm部署1.1 kvm安装1.2 kvm web管理界面安装1.3 kvm web界面管理1.3.1 kvm连接管理1.3.2 kvm存储管理1.3.3 kvm网络管理1.3.4 实例管理故...
1.kvm部署
1.1 kvm安装
//关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service
removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.firewalld1.service.
[root@kvm ~]# sed -i 's/selinux=enforcing/selinux=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@kvm ~]# reboot
//下载epel源和工具包
[root@kvm ~]# yum -y install epel-release vim wget net-tools unzip zip gcc gcc-c++
//验证cpu是否支持kvm；如果结果中有vmx（intel）或svm(amd)字样，就说明cpu的支持的
[root@kvm ~]# egrep -o 'vmx|svm' /proc/cpuinfo
//安装kvm
[root@kvm ~]# yum -y install qemu-kvm qemu-kvm-tools qemu-img virt-manager libvirt libvirt-python libvirt-client virt-install virt-viewer bridge-utils libguestfs-tools
//桥接网卡，用br0来桥接ens160网卡
[root@kvm ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@kvm network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-br0
[root@kvm network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-br0
type=bridge
device=br0
nm_controlled=no
bootproto=static
name=br0
onboot=yes
ipaddr=192.168.237.131
netmask=255.255.255.0
gateway=192.168.237.2
dns1=114.114.114.114
dns2=8.8.8.8
[root@kvm network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-ens33
type=ethernet
bootproto=static
name=ens33
device=ens33
onboot=yes
bridge=br0
nm_controlled=no
//重启网络
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl restart network
[root@kvm ~]# ip a
1: lo: <loopback,up,lower_up> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state unknown group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <broadcast,multicast,up,lower_up> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br0 state up group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:7b:10:a5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7b:10a5/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: br0: <broadcast,multicast,up,lower_up> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state up group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:7b:10:a5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.237.131/24 brd 192.168.237.255 scope global br0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7b:10a5/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0: <no-carrier,broadcast,multicast,up> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state down group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:1c:33:d6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5: virbr0-nic: <broadcast,multicast> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state down group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:1c:33:d6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
//启动服务
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl enable --now libvirtd
//验证安装结果
[root@kvm ~]# lsmod|grep kvm
kvm_intel 188740 0
kvm 637289 1 kvm_intel
irqbypass 13503 1 kvm
//测试
[root@kvm ~]# virsh -c qemu:///system list
id 名称 状态
----------------------------------------------------
[root@kvm ~]# virsh --version
4.5.0
[root@kvm ~]# virt-install --version
1.5.0
[root@kvm ~]# ln -s /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
[root@kvm ~]# ll /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 10月 20 23:14 /usr/bin/qemu-kvm -> /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm
//查看网桥信息
[root@kvm ~]# brctl show
bridge name bridge id stp enabled interfaces
br0 8000.000c297b10a5 no ens33
virbr0 8000.5254001c33d6 yes virbr0-nic
1.2 kvm web管理界面安装
kvm 的 web 管理界面是由 webvirtmgr 程序提供的。
//安装依赖包
[root@kvm ~]# yum -y install git python-pip libvirt-python libxml2-python python-websockify supervisor nginx python-devel
//从github上下载webvirtmgr代码
[root@kvm ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@kvm src]# git clone git://github.com/retspen/webvirtmgr.git
正克隆到 'webvirtmgr'...
remote: enumerating objects: 5614, done.
remote: total 5614 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 5614
接收对象中: 100% (5614/5614), 2.97 mib | 29.00 kib/s, done.
处理 delta 中: 100% (3606/3606), done.
//安装webvirtmgr
[root@kvm src]# cd webvirtmgr/
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# pip install -r requirements.txt
collecting django==1.5.5 (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))
downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/38/49/93511c5d3367b6b21fc2995a0e53399721afc15e4cd6eb57be879ae13ad4/django-1.5.5.tar.gz (8.1mb)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 8.1mb 49kb/s
......
//检查sqlite3是否安装
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# python
python 2.7.5 (default, nov 16 2020, 22:23:17)
[gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (red hat 4.8.5-44)] on linux2
type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import sqlite3
>>> exit()
//初始化账号信息
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# python manage.py syncdb
warning:root:no local_settings file found.
creating tables ...
creating table auth_permission
creating table auth_group_permissions
creating table auth_group
creating table auth_user_groups
creating table auth_user_user_permissions
creating table auth_user
creating table django_content_type
creating table django_session
creating table django_site
creating table servers_compute
creating table instance_instance
creating table create_flavor
you just installed django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined.
would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes
username (leave blank to use 'root'): admin
email address: 123@qq.com
password:
password (again):
superuser created successfully.
installing custom sql ...
installing indexes ...
installed 6 object(s) from 1 fixture(s)
//拷贝web网页至指定目录
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# mkdir /var/www
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# cp -r /usr/local/src/webvirtmgr /var/www/
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# chown -r nginx.nginx /var/www/webvirtmgr/
//生成密钥
[root@kvm ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
generating public/private rsa key pair.
enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
created directory '/root/.ssh'.
enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
enter same passphrase again:
your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
the key fingerprint is:
sha256:icylaymyxabksogsihmjqgjsby0ogfwf1p2zeipwuxy root@kvm
the key's randomart image is:
+---[rsa 2048]----+
|o+ . . . . |
|/ooo o . + |
|&*+ o . o |
|x+.. = . o |
|= o..* s |
|. . +o.e o |
| . .... = . |
| o |
| ... |
+----[sha256]-----+
[root@kvm ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.237.131
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: info: source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
the authenticity of host '192.168.237.131 (192.168.237.131)' can't be established.
ecdsa key fingerprint is sha256:/ar9dyun0pn9lohywfheue5lgyczvmh9myv9+2gcabm.
ecdsa key fingerprint is md5:30:f6:de:5a:7d:c2:08:b5:b7:31:61:4a:4e:dd:32:73.
are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: info: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: info: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.237.131's password:
number of key(s) added: 1
now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '192.168.237.131'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
//配置端口转发
[root@kvm ~]# ssh 192.168.237.131 -l localhost:8000:localhost:8000 -l localhost:6080:localhost:60
last login: wed oct 20 23:12:00 2021 from 192.168.237.1
[root@kvm ~]# ss -anlt
state recv-q send-q local address:port peer address:port
listen 0 128 127.0.0.1:6080 *:*
listen 0 128 127.0.0.1:8000 *:*
listen 0 128 *:111 *:*
listen 0 5 192.168.122.1:53 *:*
listen 0 128 *:22 *:*
listen 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
listen 0 128 [::1]:6080 [::]:*
listen 0 128 [::1]:8000 [::]:*
listen 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
listen 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
listen 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:*
//配置nginx
[root@kvm ~]# cd /etc/nginx/
[root@kvm nginx]# ls
conf.d fastcgi_params mime.types scgi_params win-utf
default.d fastcgi_params.default mime.types.default scgi_params.default
fastcgi.conf koi-utf nginx.conf uwsgi_params
fastcgi.conf.default koi-win nginx.conf.default uwsgi_params.default
[root@kvm nginx]# cp nginx.conf nginx.conf-bak //备份
[root@kvm nginx]# cat nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /40x.html {
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
}
}
}
[root@kvm conf.d]# pwd
/etc/nginx/conf.d
[root@kvm conf.d]# vi webvirtmgr.conf
[root@kvm conf.d]# cat webvirtmgr.conf
server {
listen 80 default_server;
server_name $hostname;
#access_log /var/log/nginx/webvirtmgr_access_log;
location /static/ {
root /var/www/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr;
expires max;
}
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
proxy_set_header x-real-ip $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header x-forwarded-for $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header host $host:$server_port;
proxy_set_header x-forwarded-proto $remote_addr;
proxy_connect_timeout 600;
proxy_read_timeout 600;
proxy_send_timeout 600;
client_max_body_size 1024m;
}
}
//确保bind绑定的是本机的8000端口
[root@kvm ~]# vim /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py
bind = '0.0.0.0:8000' //修改此行
backlog = 2048
//启动nginx
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl enable --now nginx
created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
[root@kvm ~]# ss -anlt
state recv-q send-q local address:port peer address:port
listen 0 128 127.0.0.1:6080 *:*
listen 0 128 127.0.0.1:8000 *:*
listen 0 128 *:111 *:*
listen 0 128 *:80 *:*
listen 0 5 192.168.122.1:53 *:*
listen 0 128 *:22 *:*
listen 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
listen 0 128 [::1]:6080 [::]:*
listen 0 128 [::1]:8000 [::]:*
listen 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
listen 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
listen 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:*
//设置supervisor
[root@kvm ~]# vim /etc/supervisord.conf
#在最后添加下面的内容
[program:webvirtmgr]
command=/usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py
directory=/var/www/webvirtmgr
autostart=true
autorestart=true
logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr.log
log_stderr=true
user=nginx
[program:webvirtmgr-console]
command=/usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/console/webvirtmgr-console
directory=/var/www/webvirtmgr
autostart=true
autorestart=true
stdout_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr-console.log
redirect_stderr=true
user=nginx
//启动supervisor
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl enable --now supervisord
created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/supervisord.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/supervisord.service.
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl status supervisord
● supervisord.service - process monitoring and control daemon
loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/supervisord.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
active: active (running) since 三 2021-10-20 23:53:33 cst; 12s ago
process: 46734 execstart=/usr/bin/supervisord -c /etc/supervisord.conf (code=exited, status=0/success)
main pid: 46737 (supervisord)
//配置nginx用户
[root@kvm ~]# su - nginx -s /bin/bash
-bash-4.2$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
generating public/private rsa key pair.
enter file in which to save the key (/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa):
created directory '/var/lib/nginx/.ssh'.
enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
enter same passphrase again:
your identification has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.
your public key has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
the key fingerprint is:
sha256:s46h+cyfvcgw+6z68pxzgbknlldpdipd6lmzpopybwi nginx@kvm
the key's randomart image is:
+---[rsa 2048]----+
| |
| |
|e.. |
|oo+ |
|o.o+ . s |
| o.o.+ * . |
|. =.* o * |
| =ox=x * o |
|++**%b= . |
+----[sha256]-----+
-bash-4.2$ touch ~/.ssh/config && echo -e "stricthostkeychecking=no\nuserknownhostsfile=/dev/null" >> ~/.ssh/config
-bash-4.2$ chmod 0600 ~/.ssh/config
-bash-4.2$ ssh-copy-id root@192.168.237.131
/bin/ssh-copy-id: info: source of key(s) to be installed: "/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/bin/ssh-copy-id: info: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/bin/ssh-copy-id: info: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
warning: permanently added '192.168.237.131' (ecdsa) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.237.131's password:
number of key(s) added: 1
now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@192.168.237.131'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
-bash-4.2$ exit
登出
[root@kvm ~]# vim /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla
[remote libvirt ssh access]
identity=unix-user:root
action=org.libvirt.unix.manage
resultany=yes
resultinactive=yes
resultactive=yes
[root@kvm ~]# chown -r root.root /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl restart libvirtd
1.3 kvm web界面管理
通过ip地址在浏览器*问kvm
1.3.1 kvm连接管理
创建ssh连接：
1.3.2 kvm存储管理
创建存储：
进入存储：
通过远程连接软件上传iso镜像文件至存储目录/var/lib/libvirt/images/
[root@kvm ~]# ls /var/lib/libvirt/images/ centos-8.4.2105-x86_64-dvd1.iso
在 web 界面查看iso镜像是否存在
创建系统安装镜像
1.3.3 kvm网络管理
添加桥接网络
1.3.4 实例管理
实例(虚拟机)创建
虚拟机插入光盘
设置在 web *问虚拟机的密码
启动虚拟机
打开控制台
安装虚拟机
安装完成
故障
web界面无法访问，命令行报错（accept: too many open files）
对nginx进行配置 [root@kvm ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf user nginx; worker_processes auto; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; pid /run/nginx.pid; worker_rlimit_nofile 655350; //添加此行 [root@kvm ~]# systemctl restart nginx.service 对系统参数进行设置 [root@kvm ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf # end of file //添加下面两行 * soft nofile 655350 * hard nofile 655350 重启虚拟机，就能成功访问 [root@kvm ~]# reboot
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