C#的ThreadStart 和 Thread
段时间在使用mqttnet,都说这个东西比较好,可是翻了翻网上没有例子给参考一下。
今天算是找到了,给高手的帖子做个宣传吧.
原网址如下:
由于github上介绍的东西比较少,以我的水平真是不知道怎么用,先照葫芦画瓢,再看看怎么回事吧:
功能:
把订阅与发布做成一个类,还带有自动重连的功能
using system.threading; using system.threading.tasks; using mqttnet; using mqttnet.client; //客户端需要用到 using mqttnet.client.options; //具体连接时需要用到的属性,id的名称,要连接server的名称,接入时用到的账号和密码,掉线时是否重新清除原有名称,还有许多... using mqttnet.packets; //这个没用上 using mqttnet.protocol; //这个也没用上 using mqttnet.client.receiving; //接收 using mqttnet.client.disconnecting; //断线 using mqttnet.client.connecting; //连接
新建一个类:先写一下变量和一些字段
class hosmqtt { private static mqttclient mqttclient = null; private static imqttclientoptions options = null; private static bool runstate = false; private static bool running = false; /// <summary> /// 服务器ip /// </summary> private static string serverurl = "182.61.51.85"; /// <summary> /// 服务器端口 /// </summary> private static int port = 61613; /// <summary> /// 选项 - 开启登录 - 密码 /// </summary> private static string password = "ruichi8888"; /// <summary> /// 选项 - 开启登录 - 用户名 /// </summary> private static string userid = "admin"; /// <summary> /// 主题 /// <para>china/hunan/yiyang/nanxian</para> /// <para>hotel/room01/tv</para> /// <para>hospital/dept01/room001/bed001</para> /// <para>hospital/#</para> /// </summary> private static string topic = "china/hunan/yiyang/nanxian"; /// <summary> /// 保留 /// </summary> private static bool retained = false; /// <summary> /// 服务质量 /// <para>0 - 至多一次</para> /// <para>1 - 至少一次</para> /// <para>2 - 刚好一次</para> /// </summary> private static int qualityofservicelevel = 0; }
先看一下start方法
public static void start() { try { runstate = true; thread thread = new thread(work); //原帖中是这样写的 thread thread = new thread(new threadstart( work)); thread.isbackground = true; thread.start(); } catch (exception ex) { console.writeline( "启动客户端出现问题:" + ex.tostring()); } }
没进入正题之前,先普及一下基本知识
c#的threadstart 和 thread 多线程,new thread(t1);和new thread(new threadstart(t1));没有什么区别.前者是.net的写法,后者是c#的写法
具体请看下面的连接
进入整体,介绍连接方法 work
private static void work() { running = true; console.writeline("work >>begin"); try { var factory = new mqttfactory(); //声明一个mqtt客户端的标准步骤 的第一步 mqttclient = factory.createmqttclient() as mqttclient; //factory.createmqttclient()实际是一个接口类型(imqttclient),这里是把他的类型变了一下 options = new mqttclientoptionsbuilder() //实例化一个mqttclientoptionsbulider
.withtcpserver(serverurl, port) .withcredentials(userid, password) .withclientid("xman") .build(); mqttclient.connectasync(options); //连接服务器
//下面这些东西是什么,为什么要这么写,直到刚才我还是不懂,不过在github的网址我发现了出处. mqttclient.connectedhandler = new mqttclientconnectedhandlerdelegate(new func<mqttclientconnectedeventargs, task>(connected)); mqttclient.disconnectedhandler = new mqttclientdisconnectedhandlerdelegate(new func<mqttclientdisconnectedeventargs, task>(disconnected)); mqttclient.applicationmessagereceivedhandler = new mqttapplicationmessagereceivedhandlerdelegate(new action<mqttapplicationmessagereceivedeventargs>(mqttapplicationmessagereceived)); while (runstate) { thread.sleep(100); } } catch(exception exp) { console.writeline(exp); } console.writeline("work >>end"); running = false; runstate = false; }
先来看看mqttclient 类里面都有什么东西
需要实现的接口,如何实现,说重点!
在github上有个地方进去看看就知道了‘
这个页面的最下方写着如何实现 https://github.com/chkr1011/mqttnet/wiki/upgrading-guide
private void something() { mqttclient.applicationmessagereceivedhandler = new mqttapplicationmessagereceivedhandlerdelegate(onappmessage); mqttclient.connectedhandler = new mqttclientconnectedhandlerdelegate(onconnected); mqttclient.disconnectedhandler = new mqttclientdisconnectedhandlerdelegate(ondisconnected); } private async void onappmessage(mqttapplicationmessagereceivedeventargs e) { } private async void onconnected(mqttclientconnectedeventargs e) { } private async void ondisconnected(mqttclientdisconnectedeventargs e) { }
在开始connected方法之前有必要看一下关于同步和异步的知识,
现学现卖简单说一下:
task就是异步的调用,就在不影响主线程运行的另一个线程,但是他能像线程池一样更高效的利用现有的空闲线程
async必须用来修饰task ,void,或者task<tresult>, await是等待异步线程task.run()开始的后台线程执行完毕。
记住要是task 实现异步功能,必须用 async 修饰,且async 与await成对出现。
详见下面大神写的大作:
下面是什么意思?
mqttclient.connectedhandler = new mqttclientconnectedhandlerdelegate(new func<mqttclientconnectedeventargs, task>(connected));
mqttclientconnectedhandlerdelegate 这个实例实现了mqttclient.connectedhandler接口
new func<mqttclientconnectedeventargs, task>(connected) ,
使用func委托传入mqttclientconnectedeventargs类型的参数,返回的类型是task,task是一个类,这个类没有返回值,如果有返回值就是task<tresult>。
是委托就要带一个方法取实现,这个方法就是connected。
这句话的意思是,用mqttclientconnectedhandlerdelegate实现接口,同时使用委托取调用connected的方法,并且给这个方法传入一个mqttclientconnectedeventargs参数,
这个委托的返回值是task(就是不需要返回类型的异步调用),这也就定义了connected的类型必须是async task。
好了来看下 connected,这个函数什么意思
就是与服务器连接之后要干什么,订阅一个topic,或几个topic。连接之前已经连接了connectasync(),如果断线还会重连,后面会提到。
这个就连接之后需要做的事----订阅!
private static async task connected(mqttclientconnectedeventargs e) { try { list<topicfilter> listtopic = new list<topicfilter>(); if (listtopic.count() <= 0) { var topicfilterbulder = new topicfilterbuilder().withtopic(topic).build(); listtopic.add(topicfilterbulder); console.writeline("connected >>subscribe " + topic); } await mqttclient.subscribeasync(listtopic.toarray()); console.writeline("connected >>subscribe success"); } catch (exception exp) { console.writeline(exp.message); } }
topicfilter是一个topic详细信息的类
掉线的发生时会执行这个函数
private static async task disconnected(mqttclientdisconnectedeventargs e) { try { console.writeline("disconnected >>disconnected server"); await task.delay(timespan.fromseconds(5)); try { await mqttclient.connectasync(options); } catch (exception exp) { console.writeline("disconnected >>exception " + exp.message); } } catch (exception exp) { console.writeline(exp.message); } }
越写问题越多,这个为什么断线的时候会执行这个方法,这不是事件,只是接口!
怎么实现的?看了一下源码,一时只看了大概,这些功能的绑定都是在connectasync的时候就完成了!
下面接收到消息的时候
/// <summary> /// 接收消息触发事件 /// </summary> /// <param name="e"></param> private static void mqttapplicationmessagereceived(mqttapplicationmessagereceivedeventargs e) { try { string text = encoding.utf8.getstring(e.applicationmessage.payload); string topic = e.applicationmessage.topic; string qos = e.applicationmessage.qualityofservicelevel.tostring(); string retained = e.applicationmessage.retain.tostring(); console.writeline("messagereceived >>topic:" + topic + "; qos: " + qos + "; retained: " + retained + ";"); console.writeline("messagereceived >>msg: " + text); } catch (exception exp) { console.writeline(exp.message); } }
最后就是发布:一般会选择0,如果选择其他的情况在订阅端不在的时候,服务器可能会崩溃
/// <summary> /// /// 发布 /// <paramref name="qos"/> /// <para>0 - 最多一次</para> /// <para>1 - 至少一次</para> /// <para>2 - 仅一次</para> /// </summary> /// <param name="topic">发布主题</param> /// <param name="message">发布内容</param> /// <returns></returns> public static void publish( string topic,string message) { try { if (mqttclient == null) return; if (mqttclient.isconnected == false) mqttclient.connectasync(options); if (mqttclient.isconnected == false) { console.writeline("publish >>connected failed! "); return; } console.writeline("publish >>topic: " + topic + "; qos: " + qualityofservicelevel + "; retained: " + retained + ";"); console.writeline("publish >>message: " + message); mqttapplicationmessagebuilder mamb = new mqttapplicationmessagebuilder() .withtopic(topic) .withpayload(message).withretainflag(retained); if (qualityofservicelevel == 0) { mamb = mamb.withatmostonceqos(); } else if (qualityofservicelevel == 1) { mamb = mamb.withatleastonceqos(); } else if (qualityofservicelevel == 2) { mamb = mamb.withexactlyonceqos(); } mqttclient.publishasync(mamb.build()); } catch (exception exp) { console.writeline("publish >>" + exp.message); } }
纸上得来终觉浅,要改造成自己想要的些东西,还要花些功夫!不过这已经很好了!谢谢各位高手的贡献
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