同时兼容JS和C#的RSA加密解密算法详解（对web提交的数据加密传输）

前言

我们在web应用中往往涉及到敏感的数据，由于http协议以明文的形式与服务器进行交互，因此可以通过截获请求的数据包进行分析来盗取有用的信息。虽然https可以对传输的数据进行加密，但是必须要申请证书（一般都是收费的），成本较高。那么问题来了，如果对web提交的敏感数据进行加密呢？web应用中，前端的数据处理和交互基本上都是靠javascript来完成，后台的逻辑处理可以c#(java)等进行处理。

微软的c#中虽然有rsa算法，但是格式和openssl生成的公钥/私钥文件格式并不兼容。这个也给贯通前后台的rsa加密解密带来了难度。为了兼容openssl生成的公钥/私钥文件格式，贯通javascript和c#的rsa加密解密算法，必须对c#内置的方法进行再度封装。

下面以登录为例，用户在密码框输入密码后，javascript发送ajax请求时，对密码先进行rsa加密后再发送，服务器接收到加密后的密码后，先对其进行解密， 然后再验证登录是否成功。

1、为了进行rsa加密解密，首先需要用openssl生成一对公钥和私钥（没有的先下载openssl)：

   1） 打开openssl.exe文件，输入 genrsa -out openssl_rsa_priv.pem 1024

此命令在openssl.exe同目录下生成openssl_rsa_private_key.pem文件。

  2） 生成公钥 rsa  -in openssl_rsa__private.pem -pubout -out openssl_rsa__public.pem

  以上命令会创建如下的文件：

这个文件可以用文本编辑器进行打开，查看内容。

-----begin public key-----
migfma0gcsqgsib3dqebaquaa4gnadcbiqkbgqc0w036clsd0lvxpromun0u022r
ojlze6p3m+gjq3gpi4n7lo8jhtqmqgccdbvjqnifmzws9o3lnlqxwtxj3b4xj52f
acriy5broxuvgblx5qmhlld1gtjnmg4i7r4ytgx7xvkrnojr6zca1yns0lbggdf1
cgllb1rinrdkssqp+widaqab
-----end public key-----

-----begin rsa private key-----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-----end rsa private key-----

2、用jsencrypt对密码进行加密：

首先需要导入js包文件

<script src="dist/js/jsencrypt.js"></script>

var encrypt = new jsencrypt();
var pubkey = "-----begin public key----- \
 migfma0gcsqgsib3dqebaquaa4gnadcbiqkbgqdaj0dpnbmf3z4vt1b8ee6bjkns \
 hlyj7xvgijaa8rcdmgr7mrtrexnk8mdulwdcs05gc4ssfoywjcytkuhpwn8/pks0 \
 vggol9bzn0xt9hiqtb3pzafyknrmdgzmgjgfd6ktnfzvuaoupvxjcgkcoj6/vv5i \
 emcx8mt/z3elfsdsjqidaqab \
 -----end public key-----";
encrypt.setpublickey(pubkey);
var encrypted = encrypt.encrypt($('#txtpwd').val());
//console.log(encrypted);
$.ajax({
 type: "post",
 url: "http://localhost:24830/services/rsa_pem.ashx",
 data: { "pwd": encrypted },
 datatype: "json",
 error: function (xhr, status, error) {
  // alert(error);
  $("#txtinfo").text(' 请求服务器失败！');
  $(that).text('登 录');
  $(that).attr('disabled', false);
 },
 success: function (json) {
 
 if (uid == "admin" && json.data=="000") {
  window.location.href = "index.html";
 }
 else {
  $("#txtinfo").text(' 用户名或者密码错误！');
  $(that).text('登 录');
  $(that).attr('disabled', false);
 }
 }
});

3、后台用c#进行解密

using system;
using system.collections.generic;
using system.io;
using system.linq;
using system.security.cryptography;
using system.text;
using system.threading.tasks;

namespace cmcloud.saas
{
 public class rsacryptoservice
 {
 private rsacryptoserviceprovider _privatekeyrsaprovider;
 private rsacryptoserviceprovider _publickeyrsaprovider;

 /// <summary>
 /// rsa解密
 /// </summary>
 /// <param name="ciphertext"></param>
 /// <returns></returns>
 public string decrypt(string ciphertext)
 {
  if (_privatekeyrsaprovider == null)
  {
  throw new exception("_privatekeyrsaprovider is null");
  }
  return decrypt2(ciphertext);
 }
 /// <summary>
 /// rsa加密
 /// </summary>
 /// <param name="text"></param>
 /// <returns></returns>
 public string encrypt(string text)
 {
  if (_publickeyrsaprovider == null)
  {
  throw new exception("_publickeyrsaprovider is null");
  }
  return encrypt2(text);
  //return convert.tobase64string(_publickeyrsaprovider.encrypt(encoding.utf8.getbytes(text), false));

 }
 private string encrypt2(string text)
 {


  byte[] plaintextdata = encoding.utf8.getbytes(text);
  int maxblocksize = _publickeyrsaprovider.keysize / 8 - 11;//加密块最大长度限制

  if (plaintextdata.length <= maxblocksize)
  {
  return convert.tobase64string(_publickeyrsaprovider.encrypt(plaintextdata, false));
  }
  else
  {
  using (memorystream plaistream = new memorystream(plaintextdata))
  using (memorystream crypstream = new memorystream())
  {
   byte[] buffer = new byte[maxblocksize];
   int blocksize = plaistream.read(buffer, 0, maxblocksize);

   while (blocksize > 0)
   {
   byte[] toencrypt = new byte[blocksize];
   array.copy(buffer, 0, toencrypt, 0, blocksize);

   byte[] cryptograph = _publickeyrsaprovider.encrypt(toencrypt, false);
   crypstream.write(cryptograph, 0, cryptograph.length);

   blocksize = plaistream.read(buffer, 0, maxblocksize);
   }

   return convert.tobase64string(crypstream.toarray(), base64formattingoptions.none);
  }
  }




 }

 private string decrypt2(string ciphertext)
 {


  byte[] ciphertextdata = convert.frombase64string(ciphertext);
  int maxblocksize = _privatekeyrsaprovider.keysize / 8; //解密块最大长度限制

  if (ciphertextdata.length <= maxblocksize)
  return system.text.encoding.utf8.getstring(_privatekeyrsaprovider.decrypt(ciphertextdata, false));

  using (memorystream crypstream = new memorystream(ciphertextdata))
  using (memorystream plaistream = new memorystream())
  {
  byte[] buffer = new byte[maxblocksize];
  int blocksize = crypstream.read(buffer, 0, maxblocksize);

  while (blocksize > 0)
  {
   byte[] todecrypt = new byte[blocksize];
   array.copy(buffer, 0, todecrypt, 0, blocksize);

   byte[] plaintext = _privatekeyrsaprovider.decrypt(todecrypt, false);
   plaistream.write(plaintext, 0, plaintext.length);

   blocksize = crypstream.read(buffer, 0, maxblocksize);
  }

  return system.text.encoding.utf8.getstring(plaistream.toarray());
  }
 }
 public rsacryptoservice(string privatekey, string publickey = null)
 {
  if (!string.isnullorempty(privatekey))
  {
  _privatekeyrsaprovider = creatersaproviderfromprivatekey(privatekey);
  }

  if (!string.isnullorempty(publickey))
  {
  _publickeyrsaprovider = creatersaproviderfrompublickey(publickey);
  }
 }

 

 private rsacryptoserviceprovider creatersaproviderfromprivatekey(string privatekey)
 {
  var privatekeybits = system.convert.frombase64string(privatekey);

  var rsa = new rsacryptoserviceprovider();
  var rsaparams = new rsaparameters();

  using (binaryreader binr = new binaryreader(new memorystream(privatekeybits)))
  {
  byte bt = 0;
  ushort twobytes = 0;
  twobytes = binr.readuint16();
  if (twobytes == 0x8130)
   binr.readbyte();
  else if (twobytes == 0x8230)
   binr.readint16();
  else
   throw new exception("unexpected value read binr.readuint16()");

  twobytes = binr.readuint16();
  if (twobytes != 0x0102)
   throw new exception("unexpected version");

  bt = binr.readbyte();
  if (bt != 0x00)
   throw new exception("unexpected value read binr.readbyte()");

  rsaparams.modulus = binr.readbytes(getintegersize(binr));
  rsaparams.exponent = binr.readbytes(getintegersize(binr));
  rsaparams.d = binr.readbytes(getintegersize(binr));
  rsaparams.p = binr.readbytes(getintegersize(binr));
  rsaparams.q = binr.readbytes(getintegersize(binr));
  rsaparams.dp = binr.readbytes(getintegersize(binr));
  rsaparams.dq = binr.readbytes(getintegersize(binr));
  rsaparams.inverseq = binr.readbytes(getintegersize(binr));
  }

  rsa.importparameters(rsaparams);
  return rsa;
 }

 private int getintegersize(binaryreader binr)
 {
  byte bt = 0;
  byte lowbyte = 0x00;
  byte highbyte = 0x00;
  int count = 0;
  bt = binr.readbyte();
  if (bt != 0x02)
  return 0;
  bt = binr.readbyte();

  if (bt == 0x81)
  count = binr.readbyte();
  else
  if (bt == 0x82)
  {
  highbyte = binr.readbyte();
  lowbyte = binr.readbyte();
  byte[] modint = { lowbyte, highbyte, 0x00, 0x00 };
  count = bitconverter.toint32(modint, 0);
  }
  else
  {
  count = bt;
  }

  while (binr.readbyte() == 0x00)
  {
  count -= 1;
  }
  binr.basestream.seek(-1, seekorigin.current);
  return count;
 }

 private rsacryptoserviceprovider creatersaproviderfrompublickey(string publickeystring)
 {
  // encoded oid sequence for pkcs #1 rsaencryption szoid_rsa_rsa = "1.2.840.113549.1.1.1"
  byte[] seqoid = { 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x00 };
  byte[] x509key;
  byte[] seq = new byte[15];
  int x509size;

  x509key = convert.frombase64string(publickeystring);
  x509size = x509key.length;

  // --------- set up stream to read the asn.1 encoded subjectpublickeyinfo blob ------
  using (memorystream mem = new memorystream(x509key))
  {
  using (binaryreader binr = new binaryreader(mem)) //wrap memory stream with binaryreader for easy reading
  {
   byte bt = 0;
   ushort twobytes = 0;

   twobytes = binr.readuint16();
   if (twobytes == 0x8130) //data read as little endian order (actual data order for sequence is 30 81)
   binr.readbyte(); //advance 1 byte
   else if (twobytes == 0x8230)
   binr.readint16(); //advance 2 bytes
   else
   return null;

   seq = binr.readbytes(15); //read the sequence oid
   if (!comparebytearrays(seq, seqoid)) //make sure sequence for oid is correct
   return null;

   twobytes = binr.readuint16();
   if (twobytes == 0x8103) //data read as little endian order (actual data order for bit string is 03 81)
   binr.readbyte(); //advance 1 byte
   else if (twobytes == 0x8203)
   binr.readint16(); //advance 2 bytes
   else
   return null;

   bt = binr.readbyte();
   if (bt != 0x00) //expect null byte next
   return null;

   twobytes = binr.readuint16();
   if (twobytes == 0x8130) //data read as little endian order (actual data order for sequence is 30 81)
   binr.readbyte(); //advance 1 byte
   else if (twobytes == 0x8230)
   binr.readint16(); //advance 2 bytes
   else
   return null;

   twobytes = binr.readuint16();
   byte lowbyte = 0x00;
   byte highbyte = 0x00;

   if (twobytes == 0x8102) //data read as little endian order (actual data order for integer is 02 81)
   lowbyte = binr.readbyte(); // read next bytes which is bytes in modulus
   else if (twobytes == 0x8202)
   {
   highbyte = binr.readbyte(); //advance 2 bytes
   lowbyte = binr.readbyte();
   }
   else
   return null;
   byte[] modint = { lowbyte, highbyte, 0x00, 0x00 }; //reverse byte order since asn.1 key uses big endian order
   int modsize = bitconverter.toint32(modint, 0);

   int firstbyte = binr.peekchar();
   if (firstbyte == 0x00)
   { //if first byte (highest order) of modulus is zero, don't include it
   binr.readbyte(); //skip this null byte
   modsize -= 1; //reduce modulus buffer size by 1
   }

   byte[] modulus = binr.readbytes(modsize); //read the modulus bytes

   if (binr.readbyte() != 0x02)  //expect an integer for the exponent data
   return null;
   int expbytes = (int)binr.readbyte(); // should only need one byte for actual exponent data (for all useful values)
   byte[] exponent = binr.readbytes(expbytes);

   // ------- create rsacryptoserviceprovider instance and initialize with public key -----
   rsacryptoserviceprovider rsa = new rsacryptoserviceprovider();
   rsaparameters rsakeyinfo = new rsaparameters();
   rsakeyinfo.modulus = modulus;
   rsakeyinfo.exponent = exponent;
   rsa.importparameters(rsakeyinfo);

   return rsa;
  }

  }
 }

 private bool comparebytearrays(byte[] a, byte[] b)
 {
  if (a.length != b.length)
  return false;
  int i = 0;
  foreach (byte c in a)
  {
  if (c != b[i])
   return false;
  i++;
  }
  return true;
 }
 }
}

虽然将公钥暴露在js文件中，但是如果需要解密得到明文，必须需要私钥（这个存储在后台，不容易获取）。

调试运行，可以看到获取的密码是加密后的数据，然后在后台可以进行解密获取到明文。

 

总结

好了，大概就这样，以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了，希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作能带来一定的帮助，如果有疑问大家可以留言交流，谢谢大家对的支持