python算法学习之基数排序实例
代码如下:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
def _counting_sort(A, i):
"""计数排序,以i位进行排序,以适用于基数排序。
Args:
A (Sequence): 排序数组
i (int): 位数,从0开始而不是1
"""
C = [0] * 10 # 任意位值范围为[0,9]
A = [(a / (10 ** i) % 10, a) for a in A] # 元素i位值及其自身的元组的数组
for k, a in A:
C[k] = C[k] + 1
for i in xrange(1, 10):
C[i] = C[i] + C[i-1]
B = [0] * len(A) # 结果数组
for k, a in A[::-1]:
B[C[k]-1] = a
C[k] = C[k] - 1
return B
def radix_sort(A, d):
"""基数排序,从最低位进行排序直到最高位:
RADIX-SORT(A, d)
1 for i ← 1 to d
2 do use a stable sort to sort array A on digit i
Args:
A (Sequence): 排序数组
d (int): 最大数位数
"""
for i in xrange(d): # 遍历位数,从低到高
A = _counting_sort(A, i)
return A
def rsort(A, d):
"""基数排序(桶排序版本)"""
for i in xrange(d): # 遍历位数,从低到高
S = [[] for _ in xrange(10)] # 存放[0,9]位数值所对应元素([0-9]10个桶)
for a in A: # 遍历元素
S[a / (10 ** i) % 10].append(a) # 存放对应位数值的元素(元素当前位值在哪个桶就放进去)
A = [a for b in S for a in b] # 以当前位数值排序好的A(依次从各桶里把元素拿出来)
return A
if __name__ == '__main__':
import random, timeit
items = range(10000)
random.shuffle(items)
def test_sorted():
print(items)
sorted_items = sorted(items)
print(sorted_items)
def test_radix_sort():
print(items)
sorted_items = radix_sort(items, 4) # [0,9999],4位数
print(sorted_items)
test_methods = [test_sorted, test_radix_sort]
for test in test_methods:
name = test.__name__ # test.func_name
t = timeit.Timer(name + '()', 'from __main__ import ' + name)
print(name + ' takes time : %f' % t.timeit(1))
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