浅谈express 中间件机制及实现原理

简介

中间件机制可以让我们在一个给定的流程中添加一个处理步骤，从而对这个流程的输入或者输出产生影响，或者产生一些中作用、状态，或者拦截这个流程。中间件机制和tomcat的过滤器类似，这两者都属于责任链模式的具体实现。

express 中间件使用案例

let express = require('express')
let app = express()
//解析request 的body
app.use(bodyparser.json())
//解析 cookie
app.use(cookieparser())
//拦截
app.get('/hello', function (req, res) {
 res.send('hello world!');
});

模拟中间件机制并且模拟实现解析request的中间件

首先模拟一个request

request = { //模拟的request
  requestline: 'post /iven_ http/1.1',
  headers: 'host:www.baidu.com\r\ncookie:baiduid=e063e9b2690116090fe24e01acddf4ad:fg=1;bd_home=0',
  requestbody: 'key1=value1&key2=value2&key3=value3',
}

一个http请求分为请求行、请求头、和请求体，这三者之间通过\r\n\r\n即一个空行来分割，这里假设已经将这三者分开，requestline（请求行）中有方法类型，请求url，http版本号，这三者通过空格来区分，headers（请求头）中的各部分通过\r\n来分割，requestbody（请求体）中通过 & 来区分参数

模拟中间件机制

约定 中间件一定是一个函数并且接受 request, response, next三个参数

function app() {
  if (!(this instanceof app))
    return new app();
  this.init();
}
app.prototype = {
  constructor: app,
  init: function() {
    this.request = { //模拟的request
      requestline: 'post /iven_ http/1.1',
      headers: 'host:www.baidu.com\r\ncookie:baiduid=e063e9b2690116090fe24e01acddf4ad:fg=1;bd_home=0',
      requestbody: 'key1=value1&key2=value2&key3=value3',
    };
    this.response = {}; //模拟的response
    this.chain = []; //存放中间件的一个数组
    this.index = 0; //当前执行的中间件在chain中的位置
  },
  use: function(handle) { //这里默认 handle 是函数，并且这里不做判断
    this.chain.push(handle);
  },
  next: function() { //当调用next时执行index所指向的中间件
    if (this.index >= this.chain.length)
      return;
    let middleware = this.chain[this.index];
    this.index++;
    middleware(this.request, this.response, this.next.bind(this));
  },
}

对 request 处理的中间件

 function lineparser(req, res, next) {
    let items = req.requestline.split(' ');
    req.methond = items[0];
    req.url = items[1];
    req.version = items[2];
    next(); //执行下一个中间件
  }

function headersparser(req, res, next) {
  let items = req.headers.split('\r\n');
  let header = {}
  for(let i in items) {
    let item = items[i].split(':');
    let key = item[0];
    let value = item[1];
    header[key] = value;
  }
  req.header = header;
  next(); //执行下一个中间件
}

function bodyparser(req, res, next) {
  let bodystr = req.requestbody;
  let body = {};
  let items = bodystr.split('&');
  for(let i in items) {
    let item = items[i].split('=');
    let key = item[0];
    let value = item[1];
    body[key] = value;
  }
  req.body = body;
  next(); //执行下一个中间件
}

function middleware3(req, res, next) {
  console.log('url: '+req.url);
  console.log('methond: '+req.methond);
  console.log('version: '+req.version);
  console.log(req.body);
  console.log(req.header);
  next(); //执行下一个中间件
}

测试代码

let app = app();
app.use(lineparser);
app.use(headersparser);
app.use(bodyparser);
app.use(middleware3);
app.next();

整体代码

function app() {
  if (!(this instanceof app))
    return new app();
  this.init();
}
app.prototype = {
  constructor: app,
  init: function() {
    this.request = { //模拟的request
      requestline: 'post /iven_ http/1.1',
      headers: 'host:www.baidu.com\r\ncookie:baiduid=e063e9b2690116090fe24e01acddf4ad:fg=1;bd_home=0',
      requestbody: 'key1=value1&key2=value2&key3=value3',
    };
    this.response = {}; //模拟的response
    this.chain = []; //存放中间件的一个数组
    this.index = 0; //当前执行的中间件在chain中的位置
  },
  use: function(handle) { //这里默认 handle 是函数，并且这里不做判断
    this.chain.push(handle);
  },
  next: function() { //当调用next时执行index所指向的中间件
    if (this.index >= this.chain.length)
      return;
    let middleware = this.chain[this.index];
    this.index++;
    middleware(this.request, this.response, this.next.bind(this));
  },
}
function lineparser(req, res, next) {
    let items = req.requestline.split(' ');
    req.methond = items[0];
    req.url = items[1];
    req.version = items[2];
    next(); //执行下一个中间件
  }

function headersparser(req, res, next) {
  let items = req.headers.split('\r\n');
  let header = {}
  for(let i in items) {
    let item = items[i].split(':');
    let key = item[0];
    let value = item[1];
    header[key] = value;
  }
  req.header = header;
  next(); //执行下一个中间件
}

function bodyparser(req, res, next) {
  let bodystr = req.requestbody;
  let body = {};
  let items = bodystr.split('&');
  for(let i in items) {
    let item = items[i].split('=');
    let key = item[0];
    let value = item[1];
    body[key] = value;
  }
  req.body = body;
  next(); //执行下一个中间件
}

function middleware3(req, res, next) {
  console.log('url: '+req.url);
  console.log('methond: '+req.methond);
  console.log('version: '+req.version);
  console.log(req.body);
  console.log(req.header);
  next(); //执行下一个中间件
}
let app = app();
app.use(lineparser);
app.use(headersparser);
app.use(bodyparser);
app.use(middleware3);
app.next();

运行结果

将以上整体代码运行后将打印以下信息

url: /iven_
methond: post
version: http/1.1
{key1: "value1", key2: "value2", key3: "value3"}
{host: "www.baidu.com", cookie: "baiduid=e063e9b2690116090fe24e01acddf4ad"}

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