Oracle基础多条sql执行在中间的语句出现错误时的控制方式

多条sql执行时如果在中间的语句出现错误，后续会不会直接执行，如何进行设定，以及其他数据库诸如mysql是如何对应的，这篇文章将会进行简单的整理和说明。

环境准备

使用oracle的精简版创建docker方式的demo环境，详细可参看：

多行语句的正常执行

对上篇文章创建的两个字段的学生信息表，正常添加三条数据，详细如下：

# sqlplus system/liumiao123@xe <<eof
> desc student
> select * from student;
> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');
> insert into student values (1002, 'liumiao');
> insert into student values (1003, 'michael');
> commit;
> select * from student;
> eof
sql*plus: release 11.2.0.2.0 production on sun oct 21 12:08:35 2018
copyright (c) 1982, 2011, oracle. all rights reserved.
connected to:
oracle database 11g express edition release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit production
sql> name    null?  type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 stuid    not null number(4)
 stuname     varchar2(50)
sql> 
no rows selected
sql> 
1 row created.
sql> 
1 row created.
sql> 
1 row created.
sql> 
commit complete.
sql> 
   stuid stuname
---------- --------------------------------------------------
   1001 liumiaocn
   1002 liumiao
   1003 michael
sql> disconnected from oracle database 11g express edition release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit production
#

多行语句中间出错时的缺省动作

问题：

三行insert语句，如果中间的一行出错，缺省的状况下第三行会不会被插入进去？

我们将第二条insert语句的主键故意设定重复，然后进行确认第三条数据是否会进行插入即可。

# sqlplus system/liumiao123@xe <<eof
desc student
delete from student;
select * from student;
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');
insert into student values (1003, 'michael');
select * from student;
commit;> > > > >    
> eof
sql*plus: release 11.2.0.2.0 production on sun oct 21 12:15:16 2018
copyright (c) 1982, 2011, oracle. all rights reserved.
connected to:
oracle database 11g express edition release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit production
sql> name    null?  type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 stuid    not null number(4)
 stuname     varchar2(50)
sql> 
2 rows deleted.
sql> 
no rows selected
sql> 
1 row created.
sql> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao')
*
error at line 1:
ora-00001: unique constraint (system.sys_c007024) violated
sql> 
1 row created.
sql> 
   stuid stuname
---------- --------------------------------------------------
   1001 liumiaocn
   1003 michael
sql> sql> disconnected from oracle database 11g express edition release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit production
# 

结果非常清晰地表明是会继续执行的，在oracle中通过什么来对其进行控制呢？

whenever sqlerror

答案很简单，在oracle中通过whenever sqlerror来进行控制。

whenever sqlerror {exit [success | failure | warning | n | variable | :bindvariable] [commit | rollback] | continue [commit | rollback | none]}

whenever sqlerror exit

添加此行设定，即会在失败的时候立即推出，接下来我们进行确认：

# sqlplus system/liumiao123@xe <<eof
whenever sqlerror exit
desc student
delete from student;
select * from student;
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');
insert into student values (1003, 'michael');
select * from student;
commit;> > > > > > > > > 
> eof
sql*plus: release 11.2.0.2.0 production on sun oct 21 12:27:15 2018
copyright (c) 1982, 2011, oracle. all rights reserved.
connected to:
oracle database 11g express edition release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit production
sql> sql> name    null?  type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 stuid    not null number(4)
 stuname     varchar2(50)
sql> 
2 rows deleted.
sql> 
no rows selected
sql> 
1 row created.
sql> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao')
*
error at line 1:
ora-00001: unique constraint (system.sys_c007024) violated
disconnected from oracle database 11g express edition release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit production
# 

whenever sqlerror continue

使用continue则和缺省方式下的行为一致，出错仍然继续执行

# sqlplus system/liumiao123@xe <<eof
whenever sqlerror continue
desc student
delete from student;
select * from student;
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');
insert into student values (1003, 'michael');
select * from student;
commit;> > > > > > > > > 
> eof
sql*plus: release 11.2.0.2.0 production on sun oct 21 12:31:54 2018
copyright (c) 1982, 2011, oracle. all rights reserved.
connected to:
oracle database 11g express edition release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit production
sql> sql> name    null?  type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 stuid    not null number(4)
 stuname     varchar2(50)
sql> 
1 row deleted.
sql> 
no rows selected
sql> 
1 row created.
sql> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao')
*
error at line 1:
ora-00001: unique constraint (system.sys_c007024) violated
sql> 
1 row created.
sql> 
   stuid stuname
---------- --------------------------------------------------
   1001 liumiaocn
   1003 michael
sql> 
commit complete.
sql> disconnected from oracle database 11g express edition release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit production
#

mysql中类似的机制

mysql中使用source是否提供相关的类似机制的问题中，最终引入了oracle此项功能在mysql中引入的建议，详细请参看：

所以目前这只是一个sqlplus端的强化功能，并非标准，不同数据库需要确认相应的功能是否存在。

小结

oracle中使用whenever sqlerror进行出错控制是否继续，本文给出的例子非常简单，详细功能的使用可根据文中列出的usage进行自行验证和探索。

总结

以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了，希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值，谢谢大家对的支持。如果你想了解更多相关内容请查看下面相关链接