PHP双向链表简介
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2022-05-13 12:53:34
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双链表对PHP开发程序来讲是很重要的一种数据结构,可以把PHP数组中想想成一个双链表,而PHP内置的SplDoublyLinkedList类通过实现迭代器、数组访问和获取数量的接口使程序访问对象变得访问数组一样方便。
SplDoublyLinkedList类代码如下:
<?php /** * PS:关于预定义接口Iterator, ArrayAccess, Countable的文章已经介绍过了,不认识的可以往前翻翻 */ class SplDoublyLinkedList implements Iterator, ArrayAccess, Countable { /** * @var _llist 定义一个数组用于存放数据 */ protected $_llist = array(); /** * @var _it_mode 链表的迭代模式 */ protected $_it_mode = 0; /** * @var _it_pos 链表指针 */ protected $_it_pos = 0; /** * 迭代模式 * @see setIteratorMode */ const IT_MODE_LIFO = 0x00000002; const IT_MODE_FIFO = 0x00000000; const IT_MODE_KEEP = 0x00000000; const IT_MODE_DELETE = 0x00000001; /** * @return 返回被移出尾部节点元素 * @throw RuntimeException 如果链表为空则抛出异常 */ public function pop() { if (count($this->_llist) == 0) { throw new RuntimeException("Can't pop from an empty datastructure"); } return array_pop($this->_llist); } /** * @return 返回被移出头部节点元素 * @throw RuntimeException 如果链表为空则抛出异常 */ public function shift() { if (count($this->_llist) == 0) { throw new RuntimeException("Can't shift from an empty datastructure"); } return array_shift($this->_llist); } /** * 往链表尾部添加一个节点元素 * @param $data 要添加的节点元素 */ public function push($data) { array_push($this->_llist, $data); return true; } /** * 往链表头部添加一个节点元素 * @param $data 要添加的节点元素 */ public function unshift($data) { array_unshift($this->_llist, $data); return true; } /** * @return 返回尾部节点元素,并把指针指向尾部节点元素 */ public function top() { return end($this->_llist); } /** * @return 返回头部节点元素,并把指针指向头部节点元素 */ public function bottom() { return reset($this->_llist); } /** * @return 返回链表节点数 */ public function count() { return count($this->_llist); } /** * @return 判断链表是否为空 */ public function isEmpty() { return ($this->count() == 0); } /** * 设置迭代模式 * - 迭代的顺序 (先进先出、后进先出) * - SplDoublyLnkedList::IT_MODE_LIFO (堆栈) * - SplDoublyLnkedList::IT_MODE_FIFO (队列) * * - 迭代过程中迭代器的行为 * - SplDoublyLnkedList::IT_MODE_DELETE (删除已迭代的节点元素) * - SplDoublyLnkedList::IT_MODE_KEEP (保留已迭代的节点元素) * * 默认的模式是 0 : SplDoublyLnkedList::IT_MODE_FIFO | SplDoublyLnkedList::IT_MODE_KEEP * * @param $mode 新的迭代模式 */ public function setIteratorMode($mode) { $this->_it_mode = $mode; } /** * @return 返回当前的迭代模式 * @see setIteratorMode */ public function getIteratorMode() { return $this->_it_mode; } /** * 重置节点指针 */ public function rewind() { if ($this->_it_mode & self::IT_MODE_LIFO) { $this->_it_pos = count($this->_llist)-1; } else { $this->_it_pos = 0; } } /** * @return 判断指针对应的节点元素是否存在 */ public function valid() { return array_key_exists($this->_it_pos, $this->_llist); } /** * @return 返回当前指针的偏移位置 */ public function key() { return $this->_it_pos; } /** * @return 返回当前指针对应的节点元素 */ public function current() { return $this->_llist[$this->_it_pos]; } /** * 将指针向前移动一个偏移位置 */ public function next() { if ($this->_it_mode & self::IT_MODE_LIFO) { if ($this->_it_mode & self::IT_MODE_DELETE) { $this->pop(); } $this->_it_pos--; } else { if ($this->_it_mode & self::IT_MODE_DELETE) { $this->shift(); } else { $this->_it_pos++; } } } /** * @return 偏移位置是否存在 * * @param $offset 偏移位置 * @throw OutOfRangeException 如果偏移位置超出范围或者无效则抛出异常 */ public function offsetExists($offset) { if (!is_numeric($offset)) { throw new OutOfRangeException("Offset invalid or out of range"); } else { return array_key_exists($offset, $this->_llist); } } /** * @return 获取偏移位置对应的值 * * @param $offset 偏移位置 * @throw OutOfRangeException 如果偏移位置超出范围或者无效则抛出异常 */ public function offsetGet($offset) { if ($this->_it_mode & self::IT_MODE_LIFO) { $realOffset = count($this->_llist)-$offset; } else { $realOffset = $offset; } if (!is_numeric($offset) || !array_key_exists($realOffset, $this->_llist)) { throw new OutOfRangeException("Offset invalid or out of range"); } else { return $this->_llist[$realOffset]; } } /** * @return 设置偏移位置对应的值 * * @param $offset 偏移位置 * @throw OutOfRangeException 如果偏移位置超出范围或者无效则抛出异常 */ public function offsetSet($offset, $value) { if ($offset === null) { return $this->push($value); } if ($this->_it_mode & self::IT_MODE_LIFO) { $realOffset = count($this->_llist)-$offset; } else { $realOffset = $offset; } if (!is_numeric($offset) || !array_key_exists($realOffset, $this->_llist)) { throw new OutOfRangeException("Offset invalid or out of range"); } else { $this->_llist[$realOffset] = $value; } } /** * @return 删除偏移位置对应的值 * * @param $offset 偏移位置 * @throw OutOfRangeException 如果偏移位置超出范围或者无效则抛出异常 */ public function offsetUnset($offset) { if ($this->_it_mode & self::IT_MODE_LIFO) { $realOffset = count($this->_llist)-$offset; } else { $realOffset = $offset; } if (!is_numeric($offset) || !array_key_exists($realOffset, $this->_llist)) { throw new OutOfRangeException("Offset invalid or out of range"); } else { array_splice($this->_llist, $realOffset, 1); } } } ?>
例子说明:
<?php $doubly=new SplDoublyLinkedList(); $doubly->push('a'); $doubly->push('b'); $doubly->push('c'); $doubly->push('d'); echo '初始链表结构:'; var_dump($doubly); echo '<br/> 先进先出Keep模式迭代输出: <br/>'; $doubly->setIteratorMode(SplDoublyLinkedList::IT_MODE_FIFO | SplDoublyLinkedList::IT_MODE_KEEP); $doubly->rewind(); foreach($doubly as $key=>$value) { echo $key.' '.$value."<br/>"; } echo '<br/>后进先出Keep模式迭代输出:<br/>'; $doubly->setIteratorMode(SplDoublyLinkedList::IT_MODE_LIFO | SplDoublyLinkedList::IT_MODE_KEEP); $doubly->rewind(); foreach($doubly as $key=>$value) { echo $key.' '.$value."<br/>"; } echo '<br/>后进先出Delete模式迭代输出:<br/>'; $doubly->setIteratorMode(SplDoublyLinkedList::IT_MODE_LIFO | SplDoublyLinkedList::IT_MODE_DELETE); $doubly->rewind(); foreach($doubly as $key=>$value) { if($key == 1) break; echo $key.' '.$value."<br/>"; } echo '<br/>Delete模式迭代之后的链表:'; var_dump($doubly); ?>
输出:
初始链表结构:
object(SplDoublyLinkedList)[1] private 'flags' => 0 private 'dllist' => array (size=4) 0 => 'a' (length=1) 1 => 'b' (length=1) 2 => 'c' (length=1) 3 => 'd' (length=1)
先进先出Keep模式迭代输出:
0 a
1 b
2 c
3 d
后进先出Keep模式迭代输出:
3 d
2 c
1 b
0 a
后进先出Delete模式迭代输出:
3 d
2 c
Delete模式迭代之后的链表:
object(SplDoublyLinkedList)[1] private 'flags' => 3 private 'dllist' => array (size=2) 0 => 'a' (length=1) 1 => 'b' (length=1)
最后一个问题:SplDoublyLinkedList::IT_MODE_FIFO | SplDoublyLinkedList::IT_MODE_KEEP 模式下迭代输出什么?
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