欢迎您访问程序员文章站本站旨在为大家提供分享程序员计算机编程知识!
您现在的位置是: 首页  >  Java

java中Comparator和 Comparable的介绍及区别实例

程序员文章站 2022-05-11 11:48:18
...
本文,先介绍Comparable 和Comparator两个接口,以及它们的差异;接着,通过示例,对它们的使用方法进行说明。

Comparable 简介

Comparable 是排序接口。

若一个类实现了Comparable接口,就意味着“该类支持排序”。 即然实现Comparable接口的类支持排序,假设现在存在“实现Comparable接口的类的对象的List列表(或数组)”,则该List列表(或数组)可以通过 Collections.sort(或 Arrays.sort)进行排序。

此外,“实现Comparable接口的类的对象”可以用作“有序映射(如TreeMap)”中的键或“有序集合(TreeSet)”中的元素,而不需要指定比较器。

1、Comparable的代码如下:

public interface Comparable<T> {public int compareTo(T o);
}

2、Comparator的代码如下

public interface Comparator<T> {int compare(T o1, T o2);boolean equals(Object obj);    // jdk1.8 后的方法default Comparator<T> reversed() {return Collections.reverseOrder(this);
    }default Comparator<T> thenComparing(Comparator<? super T> other) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(other);return (Comparator<T> & Serializable) (c1, c2) -> {int res = compare(c1, c2);return (res != 0) ? res : other.compare(c1, c2);
        };
    }default <U> Comparator<T> thenComparing(
            Function<? super T, ? extends U> keyExtractor,
            Comparator<? super U> keyComparator)
    {return thenComparing(comparing(keyExtractor, keyComparator));
    }default <U extends Comparable<? super U>> Comparator<T> thenComparing(
            Function<? super T, ? extends U> keyExtractor)
    {return thenComparing(comparing(keyExtractor));
    }default Comparator<T> thenComparingInt(ToIntFunction<? super T> keyExtractor) {return thenComparing(comparingInt(keyExtractor));
    }default Comparator<T> thenComparingLong(ToLongFunction<? super T> keyExtractor) {return thenComparing(comparingLong(keyExtractor));
    }default Comparator<T> thenComparingDouble(ToDoubleFunction<? super T> keyExtractor) {return thenComparing(comparingDouble(keyExtractor));
    }public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> Comparator<T> reverseOrder() {return Collections.reverseOrder();
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> Comparator<T> naturalOrder() {return (Comparator<T>) Comparators.NaturalOrderComparator.INSTANCE;
    }public static <T> Comparator<T> nullsFirst(Comparator<? super T> comparator) {return new Comparators.NullComparator<>(true, comparator);
    }public static <T> Comparator<T> nullsLast(Comparator<? super T> comparator) {return new Comparators.NullComparator<>(false, comparator);
    }public static <T, U> Comparator<T> comparing(
            Function<? super T, ? extends U> keyExtractor,
            Comparator<? super U> keyComparator)
    {
        Objects.requireNonNull(keyExtractor);
        Objects.requireNonNull(keyComparator);return (Comparator<T> & Serializable)
            (c1, c2) -> keyComparator.compare(keyExtractor.apply(c1),
                                              keyExtractor.apply(c2));
    }public static <T, U extends Comparable<? super U>> Comparator<T> comparing(
            Function<? super T, ? extends U> keyExtractor)
    {
        Objects.requireNonNull(keyExtractor);return (Comparator<T> & Serializable)
            (c1, c2) -> keyExtractor.apply(c1).compareTo(keyExtractor.apply(c2));
    }public static <T> Comparator<T> comparingInt(ToIntFunction<? super T> keyExtractor) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(keyExtractor);return (Comparator<T> & Serializable)
            (c1, c2) -> Integer.compare(keyExtractor.applyAsInt(c1), keyExtractor.applyAsInt(c2));
    }public static <T> Comparator<T> comparingLong(ToLongFunction<? super T> keyExtractor) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(keyExtractor);return (Comparator<T> & Serializable)
            (c1, c2) -> Long.compare(keyExtractor.applyAsLong(c1), keyExtractor.applyAsLong(c2));
    }public static<T> Comparator<T> comparingDouble(ToDoubleFunction<? super T> keyExtractor) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(keyExtractor);return (Comparator<T> & Serializable)
            (c1, c2) -> Double.compare(keyExtractor.applyAsDouble(c1), keyExtractor.applyAsDouble(c2));
    }
}

Comparable和Comparator的主要区别在于:

  (1).Comparator 和 Comparable都是Java中的内部比较器接口,都是用来实现对一个自定义的类进行排序

  (2). 不同的是实现Comparable接口是定义在类的内部,比较代码需要嵌入类的内部结构中

  (3). Comparator 实现在类的外部,单独实现第一个比较器,不需要对原来的类进行结构上的变化,属于无侵入式的。

例如实现Comparable接口:

    class Score implements Comparable<Score>{  
      public int score;  
      public int time;  
        public int getScore() {  return score;  
    }  
      public void setScore(int score) {  this.score = score;  
    }  
      public int getTime() {  return time;  
    }  
      public void setTime(int time) {  this.time = time;  
    }  
      
        @Override  public int compareTo(Score o) {  if(this.time>o.time) return 1;  else if(this.time==o.time) return 0;  else return -1;  
        }  
      public Score(int score, int time) {  super();  this.score = score;  this.time = time;  
        }  
    }


实现Comparator接口的例子:

    class ScoreComparator implements Comparator<Score>{  
      
        @Override  public int compare(Score o1, Score o2) {  if(o1.time>o2.time) return 1;  else if(o1.time==o2.time) return 0;  else return -1;  
        }     
    }

然后调用ScoreComparator :

Arrays.sort(score, new ScoreComparator());

以上就是java中Comparator和 Comparable的介绍及区别实例的详细内容,更多请关注其它相关文章!