【MySQL学习】在RHEL7.3上使用yum安装MySQL5.7
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2022-05-10 22:25:19
一、环境 二、官方源 获取官方源： 安装： 安装之后， /etc/yum.repos.d/目录下会产生两个文件：mysql-community-source.repo、mysql-community.repo。 三、创建组和用户 四、安装MySQL 由于RHEL7.3中默认安装了Mariadb，安装 ......
一、环境
[root@rhel:~]#cat /etc/redhat-release Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.3 (Maipo) [root@rhel:~]#uname -r 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 [root@rhel:~]#getenforce Disabled
二、官方源
获取官方源：
[root@rhel:/opt]#wget http://repo.mysql.com/mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm --2018-03-15 15:25:41-- http://repo.mysql.com/mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm Resolving repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)... 23.55.208.125 Connecting to repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)|23.55.208.125|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 9224 (9.0K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager] Saving to: ‘mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm’ 100%[================================>] 9,224 1.80KB/s in 5.0s 2018-03-15 15:25:47 (1.80 KB/s) - ‘mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm’ saved [9224/9224]
安装：
[root@rhel:/opt]#rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm warning: mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:mysql57-community-release-el7-9 ################################# [100%]
安装之后， /etc/yum.repos.d/目录下会产生两个文件：mysql-community-source.repo、mysql-community.repo。
三、创建组和用户
[root@rhel:~]#groupadd mysql [root@rhel:~]#useradd -r -g mysql -p root mysql [root@rhel:~]#usermod -s /sbin/nologin mysql
四、安装MySQL
由于RHEL7.3中默认安装了Mariadb，安装MySQL时会报错，所以先卸载Mariadb。
[root@rhel:~]#rpm -qa|grep mariadb mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 mariadb-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 mariadb-server-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
卸载：
[root@rhel:~]#rpm -e mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
error: Failed dependencies:
libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) is needed by (installed) perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.el7.x86_64
libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) is needed by (installed) qt-mysql-1:4.8.5-13.el7.x86_64
libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) is needed by (installed) postfix-2:2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64
libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) is needed by (installed) zabbix-server-mysql-4.0.0-1.1alpha4.el7.x86_64
libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) is needed by (installed) perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.el7.x86_64
libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) is needed by (installed) qt-mysql-1:4.8.5-13.el7.x86_64
libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) is needed by (installed) postfix-2:2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64
libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) is needed by (installed) zabbix-server-mysql-4.0.0-1.1alpha4.el7.x86_64
mariadb-libs(x86-64) = 1:5.5.52-1.el7 is needed by (installed) mariadb-1:5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
mariadb-libs(x86-64) = 1:5.5.52-1.el7 is needed by (installed) mariadb-server-1:5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
使用--nodeps强制卸载：
[root@rhel:~]#rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 [root@rhel:~]#rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 [root@rhel:~]#rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-server-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
安装MySQL：
[root@rhel:~]#yum install mysql-server
Loaded plugins: aliases, changelog, langpacks, ovl, product-id, search-
: disabled-repos, subscription-manager, tmprepo, verify,
: versionlock
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
file:///mnt/cdrom/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#37 - "Couldn't open file /mnt/cdrom/repodata/repomd.xml"
Trying other mirror.
mysql-connectors-community | 2.5 kB 00:00
mysql-tools-community | 2.5 kB 00:00
mysql57-community | 2.5 kB 00:00
zabbix | 2.9 kB 00:00
zabbix-non-supported | 951 B 00:00
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.21-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.7.21-1.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.21-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 for package: mysql-community-client-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64
---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.21-1.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.21-1.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
==========================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
==========================================================================
Installing:
mysql-community-server x86_64 5.7.21-1.el7 mysql57-community 164 M
Installing for dependencies:
mysql-community-client x86_64 5.7.21-1.el7 mysql57-community 24 M
mysql-community-common x86_64 5.7.21-1.el7 mysql57-community 272 k
mysql-community-libs x86_64 5.7.21-1.el7 mysql57-community 2.1 M
Transaction Summary
==========================================================================
Install 1 Package (+3 Dependent packages)
Total size: 190 M
Total download size: 188 M
Installed size: 858 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
No Presto metadata available for mysql57-community
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7Server/mysql57-community/packages/mysql-community-client-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Public key for mysql-community-client-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
(1/2): mysql-community-client-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rp | 24 MB 00:05
(2/2): mysql-community-server-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rp | 164 MB 02:02
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 1.5 MB/s | 188 MB 02:02
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
Importing GPG key 0x5072E1F5:
Userid : "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>"
Fingerprint: a4a9 4068 76fc bd3c 4567 70c8 8c71 8d3b 5072 e1f5
Package : mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch (installed)
From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
** Found 10 pre-existing rpmdb problem(s), 'yum check' output follows:
PackageKit-1.0.7-6.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of PackageKit-backend
akonadi-mysql-1.9.2-4.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of mariadb-server
perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit)
perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit)
2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit)
2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit)
1:qt-mysql-4.8.5-13.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit)
1:qt-mysql-4.8.5-13.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit)
zabbix-server-mysql-4.0.0-1.1alpha4.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit)
zabbix-server-mysql-4.0.0-1.1alpha4.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit)
Installing : mysql-community-common-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64 1/4
Installing : mysql-community-libs-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64 2/4
Installing : mysql-community-client-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64 3/4
Installing : mysql-community-server-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64 4/4
Verifying : mysql-community-server-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64 1/4
Verifying : mysql-community-common-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64 2/4
Verifying : mysql-community-libs-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64 3/4
Verifying : mysql-community-client-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64 4/4
Installed:
mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.21-1.el7
Dependency Installed:
mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.21-1.el7 mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.21-1.el7 mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.21-1.el7
Complete!
五、初始化mysql
使用mysqld --initialize初始化mysql
--initialize :初始化时，会生成一个root用户和一个随机的密码，并且密码设置为过期，需要立即修改密码。确保数据库目录与文件的所有者为mysql账户，以便在运行mysqld服务时对这些目录和文件有读取与写入权限。以root身份运行mysqld服务，需指定--user=mysql选项。
注意：本例没有指定user选项，所以后面启动mysql时出现报错，需要修改相关文件系统权限才可以正常启动，使用下面的命令初始化会避免这一问题（未验证，待定）：
#mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
--initialize-insecure :另外，可以使用该配置初始化，但这种方式会生成一个root用户，并且密码是空（第一次登录密码空即可），同样需要立即修改密码。可以使用mysql -u root --skip-password直接登录mysql。
本例采用第一种：
[root@rhel:~]#mysqld --initialize
初始化后，会生成一个root用户（mysql的用户，非系统的root用户）和一个随机密码。
[root@rhel:~]#which mysqld /usr/sbin/mysqld [root@rhel:~]#grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log 2018-03-16T01:10:40.569111Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: _iBhf7suG,go
六、启动mysql，查看mysql的状态并设置开机启动
[root@rhel:~]#systemctl start mysqld Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysqld.service Job for mysqld.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status mysqld.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
无法启动，需要修改/var/lib/mysql的权限（由于初始化时没有指定用户--user=mysql，未验证，待定）
[root@rhel:~]#chown mysql:mysql -R /var/lib/mysql
再次启动，成功
[root@rhel:~]#systemctl start mysqld Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysqld.service
查看mysql状态
[root@rhel:~]#systemctl status mysqld
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status mysqld.service
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor
Active: active (running) since Fri 2018-03-16 09:37:07 CST; 1h 21min ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 16216 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run
Process: 16194 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, sta
Main PID: 16219 (mysqld)
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─16219 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/
Mar 16 09:37:05 rhel systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Mar 16 09:37:07 rhel systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
设置开机启动
[root@rhel:~]#systemctl enable mysqld
其实质是，增加由/usr/lib/systemd/system/到/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/下的软链接
ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysqld.service'
使用命令 #systemctl disable mysqld 可以取消开机自动启动，实质是删除/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/下的mysqld.service软连接
七、修改mysql的root密码
首先，修改mysql的root用户密码，因为安全配置向导里需要输入密码，而随机生成的密码比较复杂，所以设置新密码方便输入。
共有两种修改方式：
第一种，使用mysqladmin修改密码
1.如果 mysql的root用户现在没有密码，你希望的密码修改为123456，那么命令是：
# mysqladmin -u root password 123456
2.如果mysql的root现在有密码（123456），那么修改密码为abcdef的命令是：
# mysqladmin -u root -p password abcdef
注意，命令回车后会提示旧密码，输入旧密码123456之后命令完成，密码修改成功。
[root@rhel:~]#mysqladmin -u root -p password abcdef Enter password: mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
第二种，若是忘记密码，可以通过以下方式重置mysql的root用户密码
编辑/etc/my.cnf文件，skip-grant-tables）
root@rhel:~]#vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
skip-grant-tables
[root@rhel:~]#systemctl restart mysqld
然后登录，修改密码字段，刷新权限
[root@rhel:~]#mysql -uroot -p Enter password: ###密码为空，直接回车即可 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.7.21 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
mysql> update user set authentication_string=password('123456') where user='root';
mysql> flush privileges;
退出，然后编辑/etc/my.cnf文件，
root@rhel:~]#vi /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid skip-grant-tables #######删除此行
保存退出，重启mysql服务
[root@rhel:~]#systemctl restart mysqld
登录mysql，若提示需要再次修改密码，则根据提示修改，若无此提示直接连至数据库。
[root@rhel:~]#mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.7.21 Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
八、MySQL安全配置向导mysql_secure_installation
[root@rhel:~]#mysql_secure_installation Securing the MySQL server deployment. Enter password for user root: The 'validate_password' plugin is installed on the server. The subsequent steps will run with the existing configuration of the plugin. Using existing password for root. Estimated strength of the password: 25 Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : n ... skipping. By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment. Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y ######是否移除匿名用户 Success. Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : n ##############是否禁止mysql的root用户远程登录，测试环境，所以允许 ... skipping. By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : n ########是否移除test数据库，测试环境，保留 ... skipping. Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y #######是否重新加载权限表 Success. All done!
至此，安装完成。
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